Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Clinical Sarcoma Research
Published in: Clinical Sarcoma Research 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Review

Mesenchymal stem cell transformation and sarcoma genesis

Authors: Wei Xiao, Alexander B Mohseny, Pancras C W Hogendoorn, Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen

Published in: Clinical Sarcoma Research | Issue 1/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

MSCs are hypothesized to potentially give rise to sarcomas after transformation and therefore serve as a good model to study sarcomagenesis. Both spontaneous and induced transformation of MSCs have been reported, however, spontaneous transformation has only been convincingly shown in mouse MSCs while induced transformation has been demonstrated in both mouse and human MSCs. Transformed MSCs of both species can give rise to pleomorphic sarcomas after transplantation into mice, indicating the potential MSC origin of so-called non-translocation induced sarcomas. Comparison of expression profiles and differentiation capacities between MSCs and sarcoma cells further supports this. Deregulation of P53- Retinoblastoma-, PI3K-AKT-and MAPK pathways has been implicated in transformation of MSCs. MSCs have also been indicated as cell of origin in several types of chromosomal translocation associated sarcomas. In mouse models the generated sarcoma type depends on amongst others the tissue origin of the MSCs, the targeted pathways and genes and the differentiation commitment status of MSCs. While some insights are glowing, it is clear that more studies are needed to thoroughly understand the molecular mechanism of sarcomagenesis from MSCs and mechanisms determining the sarcoma type, which will potentially give directions for targeted therapies.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhjan RK, Lalykina KS: The development of fibroblast colonies in monolayer cultures of guinea-pig bone marrow and spleen cells. Cell Tissue Kinet. 1970, 3: 393-403.PubMed
2.
Dominici M, Le Blanc K, Mueller I, Slaper-Cortenbach I, Marini FC, Krause DS: Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells: the International society for cellular therapy position statement. Cytotherapy. 2006, 8: 315-317. 10.1080/14653240600855905CrossRefPubMed
3.
Mohseny AB, Xiao W, Carvalho R, Spaink HP, Hogendoorn PC, Cleton-Jansen AM: An osteosarcoma zebrafish model implicates Mmp-19 and Ets-1 as well as reduced host immune response in angiogenesis and migration. J Pathol. 2012, 227: 245-253. 10.1002/path.3998CrossRefPubMed
4.
Mohseny AB, Szuhai K, Romeo S, Buddingh EP, Briaire-De BI, De JD: Osteosarcoma originates from mesenchymal stem cells in consequence of aneuploidization and genomic loss of Cdkn2. J Pathol. 2009, 219: 294-305. 10.1002/path.2603CrossRefPubMed
5.
Mohseny AB, Hogendoorn PCW: Concise review: mesenchymal tumors: when stem cells go mad. Stem Cells. 2011, 29: 397-403. 10.1002/stem.596CrossRefPubMed
6.
Tolar J, Nauta AJ, Osborn MJ, Panoskaltsis MA, McElmurry RT, Bell S: Sarcoma derived from cultured mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells. 2007, 25: 371-379. 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0620CrossRefPubMed
7.
Chanda D, Kumar S, Ponnazhagan S: Therapeutic potential of adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in diseases of the skeleton. J Cell Biochem. 2010, 111: 249-257. 10.1002/jcb.22701PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
8.
Rubio R, Garcia-Castro J, Gutierrez-Aranda I, Paramio J, Santos M, Catalina P: Deficiency in p53 but not retinoblastoma induces the transformation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and initiates leiomyosarcoma in vivo. Cancer Res. 2010, 70: 4185-4194. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-4640CrossRefPubMed
9.
Choumerianou DM, Dimitriou H, Perdikogianni C, Martimianaki G, Riminucci M, Kalmanti M: Study of oncogenic transformation in ex vivo expanded mesenchymal cells, from paediatric bone marrow. Cell Prolif. 2008, 41: 909-922. 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00559.xCrossRefPubMed
10.
Zheng Y, He L, Wan Y, Song J: H3K9me-enhanced DNA hypermethylation of the p16(INK4a) gene: an epigenetic signature for spontaneous transformation of rat mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2013, 22: 256-267. 10.1089/scd.2012.0172CrossRefPubMed
11.
Rodriguez R, Rubio R, Gutierrez-Aranda I, Melen GJ, Elosua C, Garcia-Castro J: FUS-CHOP fusion protein expression coupled to p53 deficiency induces liposarcoma in mouse but not in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Stem Cells. 2011, 29: 179-192. 10.1002/stem.571CrossRefPubMed
12.
Aguilar S, Nye E, Chan J, Loebinger M, Spencer-Dene B, Fisk N: Murine but not human mesenchymal stem cells generate osteosarcoma-like lesions in the lung. Stem Cells. 2007, 25: 1586-1594. 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0762CrossRefPubMed
13.
Rosland GV, Svendsen A, Torsvik A, Sobala E, McCormack E, Immervoll H: Long-term cultures of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells frequently undergo spontaneous malignant transformation. Cancer Res. 2009, 69: 5331-5339. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-4630CrossRefPubMed
14.
15.
Bernardo ME, Zaffaroni N, Novara F, Cometa AM, Avanzini MA, Moretta A: Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells do not undergo transformation after long-term in vitro culture and do not exhibit telomere maintenance mechanisms. Cancer Res. 2007, 67: 9142-9149. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4690CrossRefPubMed
16.
Shimizu T, Ishikawa T, Sugihara E, Kuninaka S, Miyamoto T, Mabuchi Y: c-MYC overexpression with loss of Ink4a/Arf transforms bone marrow stromal cells into osteosarcoma accompanied by loss of adipogenesis. Oncogene. 2010, 29: 5687-5699. 10.1038/onc.2010.312CrossRefPubMed
17.
Lin PP, Pandey MK, Jin FH, Raymond AK, Akiyama H, Lozano G: Targeted mutation of p53 and Rb in mesenchymal cells of the limb bud produces sarcomas in mice. Carcinogenesis. 2009, 30: 1789-1795. 10.1093/carcin/bgp180PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
18.
Sandberg AA, Bridge JA: Updates on the cytogenetics and molecular genetics of bone and soft tissue tumors: osteosarcoma and related tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2003, 145: 1-30. 10.1016/S0165-4608(03)00105-5CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zhou YF, Bosch-Marce M, Okuyama H, Krishnamachary B, Kimura H, Zhang L: Spontaneous transformation of cultured mouse bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Cancer Res. 2006, 66: 10849-10854. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2146CrossRefPubMed
20.
Xu S, De BA, De RH, Van CB, Vanderkerken K, Van R: I: In vitro expanded bone marrow-derived murine (C57Bl/KaLwRij) mesenchymal stem cells can acquire CD34 expression and induce sarcoma formation in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012, 424: 391-397. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.118CrossRefPubMed
21.
Charbord P: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: historical overview and concepts. Hum Gene Ther. 2010, 21: 1045-1056. 10.1089/hum.2010.115CrossRefPubMed
22.
Li Q, Hisha H, Takaki T, Adachi Y, Li M, Song C: Transformation potential of bone marrow stromal cells into undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2010, 136: 829-838. 10.1007/s00432-009-0723-0CrossRefPubMed
23.
Josse C, Schoemans R, Niessen NA, Delgaudine M, Hellin AC, Herens C: Systematic chromosomal aberrations found in murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2010, 19: 1167-1173. 10.1089/scd.2009.0264CrossRefPubMed
24.
Rodriguez R, Rubio R, Masip M, Catalina P, Nieto A, De la Cueva T: Loss of p53 induces tumorigenesis in p21-deficient mesenchymal stem cells. Neoplasia. 2009, 11: 397-U106.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
25.
Li H, Fan X, Kovi RC, Jo Y, Moquin B, Konz R: Spontaneous expression of embryonic factors and p53 point mutations in aged mesenchymal stem cells: a model of age-related tumorigenesis in mice. Cancer Res. 2007, 67: 10889-10898. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2665CrossRefPubMed
26.
Ruther U, Komitowski D, Schubert FR, Wagner EF: c-fos expression induces bone tumors in transgenic mice. Oncogene. 1989, 4: 861-865.PubMed
27.
Amary MF, Bacsi K, Maggiani F, Damato S, Halai D, Berisha F: IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are frequent events in central chondrosarcoma and central and periosteal chondromas but not in other mesenchymal tumours. J Pathol. 2011, 224: 334-343. 10.1002/path.2913CrossRefPubMed
28.
de Andrea CE, Reijnders CM, Kroon HM, De JD, Hogendoorn PC, Szuhai K: Secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma evolving from osteochondroma as a result of outgrowth of cells with functional EXT. Oncogene. 2012, 31: 1095-1104. 10.1038/onc.2011.311CrossRefPubMed
29.
Bovee JV, Hogendoorn PC, Wunder JS, Alman BA: Cartilage tumours and bone development: molecular pathology and possible therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Cancer. 2010, 10: 481-488. 10.1038/nrc2869CrossRefPubMed
30.
Hernando E, Charytonowicz E, Dudas ME, Menendez S, Matushansky I, Mills J: The AKT-mTOR pathway plays a critical role in the development of leiomyosarcomas. Nat Med. 2007, 13: 748-753. 10.1038/nm1560CrossRefPubMed
31.
Engelman JA: Targeting PI3K signalling in cancer: opportunities, challenges and limitations. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009, 9: 550-562. 10.1038/nrc2664CrossRefPubMed
32.
Tsumura H, Yoshida T, Saito H, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Suzuki N: Cooperation of oncogenic K-ras and p53 deficiency in pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma development in adult mice. Oncogene. 2006, 25: 7673-7679. 10.1038/sj.onc.1209749CrossRefPubMed
33.
Kirsch DG, Dinulescu DM, Miller JB, Grimm J, Santiago PM, Young NP: A spatially and temporally restricted mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma. Nat Med. 2007, 13: 992-997. 10.1038/nm1602CrossRefPubMed
34.
Rubio D, Garcia-Castro J, Martin MC, de la Fuente R, Cigudosa JC, Lloyd AC: Spontaneous human adult stem cell transformation. Cancer Res. 2005, 65: 3035-3039.PubMed
35.
de la Fuente R, Bernad A, Garcia-Castro J, Martin MC, Cigudosa JC: Spontaneous human adult stem cell transformation (retraction of vol 65, pg 3035, 2005). Cancer Res. 2010, 70: 6682-CrossRefPubMed
36.
Fletcher CDM, Unni K, Mertens F: Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. 2002, 264-270. Lyon: IARCPress,
37.
Mirabello L, Troisi RJ, Savage SA: Osteosarcoma incidence and survival rates from 1973 to 2004: data from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program. Cancer. 2009, 115: 1531-1543. 10.1002/cncr.24121PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
38.
Li N, Yang R, Zhang W, Dorfman H, Rao P, Gorlick R: Genetically transforming human mesenchymal stem cells to sarcomas: changes in cellular phenotype and multilineage differentiation potential. Cancer. 2009, 115: 4795-4806. 10.1002/cncr.24519PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
39.
Tang N, Song WX, Luo J, Haydon RC, He TC: Osteosarcoma development and stem cell differentiation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008, 466: 2114-2130. 10.1007/s11999-008-0335-zPubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
40.
de Andrea CE, Hogendoorn PCW: Epiphyseal growth plate and secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma: the neighbours matter. J Pathol. 2012, 226: 219-228. 10.1002/path.3003CrossRefPubMed
41.
42.
Perez-Losada J, Sanchez-Martin M, Rodriguez-Garcia MA, Perez-Mancera PA, Pintado B, Flores T: Liposarcoma initiated by FUS/TLS-CHOP: the FUS/TLS domain plays a critical pole in the pathogenesis of liposarcoma. Oncogene. 2000, 19: 6015-6022. 10.1038/sj.onc.1204018CrossRefPubMed
43.
Wang Y, Huso DL, Harrington J, Kellner J, Jeong DK, Turney J: Outgrowth of a transformed cell population derived from normal human BM mesenchymal stem cell culture. Cytotherapy. 2005, 7: 509-519. 10.1080/14653240500363216CrossRefPubMed
44.
Torsvik A, Rosland GV, Svendsen A, Molven A, Immervoll H, McCormack E: Spontaneous malignant transformation of human mesenchymal stem cells reflects cross-contamination: putting the research field on track - letter. Cancer Res. 2010, 70: 6393-6396. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1305CrossRefPubMed
45.
Berger M, Muraro M, Fagioli F, Ferrari S: Osteosarcoma derived from donor stem cells carrying the Norrie's disease gene. N Engl J Med. 2008, 359: 2502-2504. 10.1056/NEJMc0807172CrossRefPubMed
46.
Bielack SS, Rerin JS, Dickerhoff R, Dilloo D, Kremens B, Von SA: Osteosarcoma after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a report of four cases from the cooperative osteosarcoma study group (COSS). Bone Marrow Transplant. 2003, 31: 353-359. 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703864CrossRefPubMed
47.
Amariglio N, Hirshberg A, Scheithauer BW, Cohen Y, Loewenthal R, Trakhtenbrot L: Donor-derived brain tumor following neural stem cell transplantation in an ataxia telangiectasia patient. PLoS Med. 2009, 6: e1000029-PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
48.
Serakinci N, Guldberg P, Burns JS, Abdallah B, Schrodder H, Jensen T: Adult human mesenchymal stem cell as a target for neoplastic transformation. Oncogene. 2004, 23: 5095-5098. 10.1038/sj.onc.1207651CrossRefPubMed
49.
Shima Y, Okamoto T, Aoyama T, Yasura K, Ishibe T, Nishijo K: In vitro transformation of mesenchymal stem cells by oncogenic H-ras(VaI12). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007, 353: 60-66. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.11.137CrossRefPubMed
50.
Funes JM, Quintero M, Henderson S, Martinez D, Qureshi U, Westwood C: Transformation of human mesenchymal stem cells increases their dependency on oxidative phosphorylation for energy production. PNAS. 2007, 104: 6223-6228. 10.1073/pnas.0700690104PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
51.
Weinberg RA: Eternal life: cell immortalization and tumorigenesis. the biology of cancer. 2007, 357-398. Garland Science,
52.
Tirode F, Laud-Duval K, Prieur A, Delorme B, Charbord P, Delattre O: Mesenchymal stem cell features of Ewing tumors. Cancer Cell. 2007, 11: 421-429. 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.02.027CrossRefPubMed
53.
Boeuf S, Kunz P, Hennig T, Lehner B, Hogendoorn P, Bovee J: A chondrogenic gene expression signature in mesenchymal stem cells is a classifier of conventional central chondrosarcoma. J Pathol. 2008, 216: 158-166. 10.1002/path.2389CrossRefPubMed
54.
Matushansky I, Hernando E, Socci ND, Mills JE, Matos TA, Edgar MA: Derivation of sarcomas from mesenchymal stem cells via inactivation of the Wnt pathway. J Clin Invest. 2007, 117: 3248-3257. 10.1172/JCI31377PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
55.
Helman LJ, Meltzer P: Mechanisms of sarcoma development. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003, 3: 685-694. 10.1038/nrc1168CrossRefPubMed
56.
Berman SD, Calo E, Landman AS, Danielian PS, Miller ES, West JC: Metastatic osteosarcoma induced by inactivation of Rb and p53 in the osteoblast lineage. PNAS. 2008, 105: 11851-11856. 10.1073/pnas.0805462105PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
57.
Walkley CR, Qudsi R, Sankaran VG, Perry JA, Gostissa M, Roth SI: Conditional mouse osteosarcoma, dependent on p53 loss and potentiated by loss of Rb, mimics the human disease. Genes Dev. 2008, 22: 1662-1676. 10.1101/gad.1656808PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
58.
Miura M, Miura Y, Padilla-Nash HM, Molinolo AA, Fu B, Patel V: Accumulated chromosomal instability in murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells leads to malignant transformation. Stem Cells. 2006, 24: 1095-1103. 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0403CrossRefPubMed
59.
Maheshwari AV, Cheng EY: Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010, 18: 94-107.PubMed
60.
Riggi N, Cironi L, Suva ML, Stamenkovic I: Sarcomas: genetics, signalling, and cellular origins. Part 1: the fellowship of TET. J Pathol. 2007, 213: 4-20. 10.1002/path.2209CrossRefPubMed
61.
Italiano A, Sung YS, Zhang L, Singer S, Maki RG, Coindre JM: High prevalence of CIC fusion with double-homeobox (DUX4) transcription factors in EWSR1-negative undifferentiated small blue round cell sarcomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2012, 51: 207-218. 10.1002/gcc.20945PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
62.
Szuhai K, Ijszenga M, De JD, Karseladze A, Tanke HJ, Hogendoorn PC: The NFATc2 gene is involved in a novel cloned translocation in a Ewing sarcoma variant that couples its function in immunology to oncology. Clin Cancer Res. 2009, 15: 2259-2268. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2184CrossRefPubMed
63.
Yeny CT, Eliazer S, Xiang LL, Richardson JA, Ilaria RL: Expression of the EWS/FLI-1 oncogene in murine primary bone-derived cells results in EWS/FLI-1-dependent, Ewing sarcoma-like tumors. Cancer Res. 2005, 65: 8698-8705. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1704CrossRef
64.
Riggi N, Cironi L, Provero P, Suva ML, Kaloulis K, Garcia-Echeverria C: Development of Ewing's sarcoma from primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. Cancer Res. 2005, 65: 11459-11468. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1696CrossRefPubMed
65.
Miyagawa Y, Okita H, Nakaijima H, Horiuchi Y, Sato B, Taguchi T: Inducible expression of chimeric EWS/ETS proteins confers Ewing's family tumor-like phenotypes to human mesenchymal progenitor cells. Mol Cell Biol. 2008, 28: 2125-2137. 10.1128/MCB.00740-07PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
66.
Lin PP, Pandey MK, Jin FH, Xiong SB, Deavers N, Parant JM: EWS-FLI1 induces developmental abnormalities and accelerates sarcoma formation in a transgenic mouse model. Cancer Res. 2008, 68: 8968-8975. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0573PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
67.
Carvajal R, Meyers P: Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal family of tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2005, 19: 501-vii, 10.1016/j.hoc.2005.03.004CrossRefPubMed
68.
Haldar M, Hancock JD, Coffin CM, Lessnick SL, Capecchi MR: A conditional mouse model of synovial sarcoma: insights into a myogenic origin. Cancer Cell. 2007, 11: 375-388. 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.01.016CrossRefPubMed
69.
Naka N, Takenaka S, Araki N, Miwa T, Hashimoto N, Yoshioka K: Synovial sarcoma is a stem cell malignancy. Stem Cells. 2010, 28: 1119-1131.PubMed
70.
Perez-Mancera PA, Bermejo-Rodriguez C, Sanchez-Martin M, Abollo-Jimenez F, Pintado B, Sanchez-Garcia I: FUS-DDIT3 prevents the development of adipocytic precursors in liposarcoma by repressing PPAR gamma and C/EBP alpha and activating eIF4E. PLoS One. 2008, 3: e2569- 10.1371/journal.pone.0002569PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
71.
Hatley ME, Tang W, Garcia MR, Finkelstein D, Millay DP, Liu N: A mouse model of rhabdomyosarcoma originating from the adipocyte lineage. Cancer Cell. 2012, 22: 536-546. 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.09.004PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
72.
Straessler KM, Jones KB, Hu H, Jin H, van de Rijn M, Capecchi MR: Modeling clear cell sarcomagenesis in the mouse: cell of origin differentiation state impacts tumor characteristics. Cancer Cell. 2013, 23: 215-227. 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.12.019PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
73.
Vijg J, Suh Y: Genome instability and aging. Annu Rev Physiol. 2013, 75: 645-668. 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183715CrossRefPubMed
74.
Berniakovich I, Giorgio M: Low oxygen tension maintains multipotency, whereas normoxia increases differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2013, 14: 2119-2134. 10.3390/ijms14012119PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
75.
Korbut E, Ptak-Belowska A, Brzozowski T: Mechanisms promoting physiological cells progression into tumorigenesis. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2012, 63: 565-570.PubMed
76.
Ehninger A, Trumpp A: The bone marrow stem cell niche grows up: mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages move in. J Exp Med. 2011, 208: 421-428. 10.1084/jem.20110132PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
77.
Mendez-Ferrer S, Michurina TV, Ferraro F, Mazloom AR, Macarthur BD, Lira SA: Mesenchymal and haematopoietic stem cells form a unique bone marrow niche. Nature. 2010, 466: 829-834. 10.1038/nature09262PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Mesenchymal stem cell transformation and sarcoma genesis
Authors
Wei Xiao
Alexander B Mohseny
Pancras C W Hogendoorn
Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Clinical Sarcoma Research / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 2045-3329
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-3329-3-10

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

Clinical Sarcoma Research 1/2013 Go to the issue

Research

Intra-patient dose escalation in Ewing’s sarcoma treated with vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide: a retrospective review

Research

Localized Ewing sarcoma of the tibia

Research

The attitudes of people with sarcoma and their family towards genomics and incidental information arising from genetic research

Case Report

Pazopanib is an active treatment in desmoid tumour/aggressive fibromatosis

Research

Bone metastases in soft tissue sarcoma: a survey of natural history, prognostic value and treatment options

Case Report

Response to imatinib in villonodular pigmented synovitis (PVNS) resistant to nilotinib
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits