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Cancer Causes & Control
Published in: Cancer Causes & Control 1/2022

01-01-2022 | Melanoma | Original Paper

Temporal trends, tumor characteristics and stage-specific survival in penile non-squamous cell carcinoma vs. squamous cell carcinoma

Authors: Mike Wenzel, Nicolas Siron, Claudia Collà Ruvolo, Luigi Nocera, Christoph Würnschimmel, Zhe Tian, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Fred Saad, Alberto Briganti, Derya Tilki, Severine Banek, Luis A. Kluth, Frederik C. Roos, Felix K. H. Chun, Pierre I. Karakiewicz

Published in: Cancer Causes & Control | Issue 1/2022

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Abstract

Purpose

To compare Cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in patients with Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) vs. non-SCC penile cancer, since survival outcomes may differ between histological subtypes.

Methods

Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2004–2016), penile cancer patients of all stages were identified. Temporal trend analyses, cumulative incidence and Kaplan–Meier plots, multivariable Cox regression and Fine and Gray competing-risks regression analyses tested for CSM differences between non-SCC vs. SCC penile cancer patients.

Results

Of 4,120 eligible penile cancer patients, 123 (3%) harbored non-SCC vs. 4,027 (97%) SCC. Of all non-SCC patients, 51 (41%) harbored melanomas, 42 (34%) basal cell carcinomas, 10 (8%) adenocarcinomas, eight (6.5%) skin appendage malignancies, six (5%) epithelial cell neoplasms, two (1.5%) neuroendocrine tumors, two (1.5%) lymphomas, two (1.5%) sarcomas. Stage at presentation differed between non-SCC vs. SCC. In temporal trend analyses, non-SCC diagnoses neither decreased nor increased over time (p > 0.05). After stratification according to localized, locally advanced, and metastatic stage, no CSM differences were observed between non-SCC vs. SCC, with 5-year survival rates of 11 vs 11% (p = 0.9) for localized, 33 vs. 37% (p = 0.4) for locally advanced, and 1-year survival rates of 37 vs. 53% (p = 0.9) for metastatic penile cancer, respectively. After propensity score matching for patient and tumor characteristics and additional multivariable adjustment, no CSM differences between non-SCC vs. SCC were observed.

Conclusion

Non-SCC penile cancer is rare. Although exceptions exist, on average, non-SCC penile cancer has comparable CSM as SCC penile cancer patients, after stratification for localized, locally invasive, and metastatic disease.
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Metadata
Title
Temporal trends, tumor characteristics and stage-specific survival in penile non-squamous cell carcinoma vs. squamous cell carcinoma
Authors
Mike Wenzel
Nicolas Siron
Claudia Collà Ruvolo
Luigi Nocera
Christoph Würnschimmel
Zhe Tian
Shahrokh F. Shariat
Fred Saad
Alberto Briganti
Derya Tilki
Severine Banek
Luis A. Kluth
Frederik C. Roos
Felix K. H. Chun
Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Publication date
01-01-2022
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Cancer Causes & Control / Issue 1/2022
Print ISSN: 0957-5243
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7225
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-021-01493-3

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