Mediastinal hemorrhage due to ectopic parathyroid hyperplasia with long-term hemodialysis: report of a case

Secondary hyperparathyroidism can sometimes occur among long-term hemodialysis patients. We herein present the case of a 48-year-old female who underwent surgical resection to treat a mediastinal hemorrhage from an ectopic parathyroid. She had been receiving dialysis for the past 16 years due to renal failure. She visited the hospital due to chest pain, and a CT scan revealed a tumorous lesion in the anterior mediastinum. An increase in size of the tumorous lesion, accompanied by bilateral pleural fluid, was observed. Emergency surgery was performed due to a diagnosis of a mediastinal hemorrhage from the tumorous lesion, accompanied by a decrease in the Hb value. The pathological findings of the hematoma revealed parathyroid hyperplasia. This is a rare case report of an ectopic parathyroid developing hyperplasia which caused a mediastinal hemorrhage due to secondary hyperparathyroidism.