Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Pediatric Drugs 1/2012

01-02-2012 | Review Article

Management of Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis

An Update

Author: Dr Seema Khan

Published in: Pediatric Drugs | Issue 1/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Eosinophilic esophagitis is an important chronic esophageal disorder with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-like symptoms, prominent esophageal mucosal eosinophilia, strongly associated with allergic disorders and unresponsive to anti-GERD therapy. Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis has been successful with the use of dietary restrictions and topical corticosteroids. A subset of patients benefits from concurrent anti-GERD therapy; those with demonstrable esophageal strictures report variable duration symptom relief after esophageal dilation. At the current time, anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody agents are being investigated in multicenter trials, and it is hoped that future therapy may be targeted against mediators of esophageal remodeling and fibrosis in eosinophilic esophagitis.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Liacouras CA, Furuta GT, Hirano I, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: updated consensus recommendations for children and adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128(1): 3–20.e6PubMedCrossRef Liacouras CA, Furuta GT, Hirano I, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: updated consensus recommendations for children and adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128(1): 3–20.e6PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Furuta GT, Liacouras CA, Collins MH, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterology 2007; 133(4): 1342–63PubMedCrossRef Furuta GT, Liacouras CA, Collins MH, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterology 2007; 133(4): 1342–63PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Furuta GT, Forbes D, Boey C, et al. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008; 47(2): 234–8PubMedCrossRef Furuta GT, Forbes D, Boey C, et al. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008; 47(2): 234–8PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Rothenberg ME, Spergel JM, Sherrill JD, et al. Common variants at 5q22 associate with pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. Nat Genet 2010; 42(4): 289–91PubMedCrossRef Rothenberg ME, Spergel JM, Sherrill JD, et al. Common variants at 5q22 associate with pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. Nat Genet 2010; 42(4): 289–91PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Khan S, Orenstein SR. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: epidemiology, diagnosis and management. Paediatr Drugs 2002; 4: 563–70PubMed Khan S, Orenstein SR. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: epidemiology, diagnosis and management. Paediatr Drugs 2002; 4: 563–70PubMed
6.
go back to reference Konikoff MR, Noel RJ, Blanchard C, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluticasone propionate for pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2006; 131(5): 1381–91PubMedCrossRef Konikoff MR, Noel RJ, Blanchard C, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluticasone propionate for pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2006; 131(5): 1381–91PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Straumann A, Conus S, Grzonka P, et al. Anti-interleukin-5 antibody treatment (mepolizumab) in active eosinophilic oesophagitis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Gut 2010; 59(1): 21–30PubMedCrossRef Straumann A, Conus S, Grzonka P, et al. Anti-interleukin-5 antibody treatment (mepolizumab) in active eosinophilic oesophagitis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Gut 2010; 59(1): 21–30PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Dohil R, Newbury R, Fox L, et al. Oral viscous budesonide is effective in children with eosinophilic esophagitis in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2010; 139(2): 418–29PubMedCrossRef Dohil R, Newbury R, Fox L, et al. Oral viscous budesonide is effective in children with eosinophilic esophagitis in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2010; 139(2): 418–29PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Straumann A, Conus S, Degen L, et al. Budesonide is effective in adolescent and adult patients with active eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2010; 139(5): 1526–37, 1537.e1PubMedCrossRef Straumann A, Conus S, Degen L, et al. Budesonide is effective in adolescent and adult patients with active eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2010; 139(5): 1526–37, 1537.e1PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Rothenberg ME. Biology and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2009; 137(4): 1238–49PubMedCrossRef Rothenberg ME. Biology and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2009; 137(4): 1238–49PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Lucendo AJ, Lucendo B. An update on the immunopathogenesis of eosinophilic esophagitis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 4(2): 141–8PubMedCrossRef Lucendo AJ, Lucendo B. An update on the immunopathogenesis of eosinophilic esophagitis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 4(2): 141–8PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Putnam PE, Rothenberg ME. Eosinophilic esophagitis: concepts, controversies, and evidence. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2009; 11(3): 220–5PubMedCrossRef Putnam PE, Rothenberg ME. Eosinophilic esophagitis: concepts, controversies, and evidence. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2009; 11(3): 220–5PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Whitney-Miller CL, Katzka D, Furth EE. Eosinophilic esophagitis: a retrospective review of esophageal biopsy specimens from 1992 to 2004 at an adult academic medical center. Am J Clin Pathol 2009; 131(6): 788–92PubMedCrossRef Whitney-Miller CL, Katzka D, Furth EE. Eosinophilic esophagitis: a retrospective review of esophageal biopsy specimens from 1992 to 2004 at an adult academic medical center. Am J Clin Pathol 2009; 131(6): 788–92PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Mishra A. Mechanism of eosinophilic esophagitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2009; 29(1): 29–40, viiiPubMedCrossRef Mishra A. Mechanism of eosinophilic esophagitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2009; 29(1): 29–40, viiiPubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Kapel RC, Miller JK, Torres C, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: a prevalent disease in the United States that affects all age groups. Gastroenterology 2008; 134(5): 1316–21PubMedCrossRef Kapel RC, Miller JK, Torres C, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: a prevalent disease in the United States that affects all age groups. Gastroenterology 2008; 134(5): 1316–21PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Spergel JM, Brown-Whitehorn TF, Beausoleil JL, et al. 14 years of eosinophilic esophagitis: clinical features and prognosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 48(1): 30–6PubMedCrossRef Spergel JM, Brown-Whitehorn TF, Beausoleil JL, et al. 14 years of eosinophilic esophagitis: clinical features and prognosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 48(1): 30–6PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Cherian S, Smith NM, Forbes DA. Rapidly increasing prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis in Western Australia. Arch Dis Child 2006; 91(12): 1000–4PubMedCrossRef Cherian S, Smith NM, Forbes DA. Rapidly increasing prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis in Western Australia. Arch Dis Child 2006; 91(12): 1000–4PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Straumann A, Simon HU. Eosinophilic esophagitis: escalating epidemiology? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115(2): 418–9PubMedCrossRef Straumann A, Simon HU. Eosinophilic esophagitis: escalating epidemiology? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115(2): 418–9PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Liacouras CA, Spergel JM, Ruchelli E, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: a 10-year experience in 381 children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 3(12): 1198–206PubMedCrossRef Liacouras CA, Spergel JM, Ruchelli E, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: a 10-year experience in 381 children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 3(12): 1198–206PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Orenstein SR, Shalaby TM, Di Lorenzo C, et al. The spectrum of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis beyond infancy: a clinical series of 30 children. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95(6): 1422–30PubMedCrossRef Orenstein SR, Shalaby TM, Di Lorenzo C, et al. The spectrum of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis beyond infancy: a clinical series of 30 children. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95(6): 1422–30PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Ronkainen J, Talley NJ, Aro P, et al. Prevalence of oesophageal eosinophils and eosinophilic oesophagitis in adults: the population-based Kalixanda study. Gut 2007; 56(5): 615–20PubMedCrossRef Ronkainen J, Talley NJ, Aro P, et al. Prevalence of oesophageal eosinophils and eosinophilic oesophagitis in adults: the population-based Kalixanda study. Gut 2007; 56(5): 615–20PubMedCrossRef
22.
23.
go back to reference Prasad GA, Alexander JA, Schleck CD, et al. Epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis over three decades in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 7(10): 1055–61PubMedCrossRef Prasad GA, Alexander JA, Schleck CD, et al. Epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis over three decades in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 7(10): 1055–61PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Spergel JM, Book WM, Mays E, et al. Variation in prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and initial management options for eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the United States. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 52(3): 300–6PubMedCrossRef Spergel JM, Book WM, Mays E, et al. Variation in prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and initial management options for eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the United States. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 52(3): 300–6PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Mishra A, Hogan SP, Brandt EB, et al. An etiological role for aeroallergens and eosinophils in experimental esophagitis. J Clin Invest 2001; 107(1): 83–90PubMedCrossRef Mishra A, Hogan SP, Brandt EB, et al. An etiological role for aeroallergens and eosinophils in experimental esophagitis. J Clin Invest 2001; 107(1): 83–90PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Mishra A, Hogan SP, Brandt EB, et al. IL-5 promotes eosinophil trafficking to the esophagus. J Immunol 2002; 168(5): 2464–9PubMed Mishra A, Hogan SP, Brandt EB, et al. IL-5 promotes eosinophil trafficking to the esophagus. J Immunol 2002; 168(5): 2464–9PubMed
27.
go back to reference Mishra A, Rothenberg ME. Intratracheal IL-13 induces eosinophilic esophagitis by an IL-5, eotaxin-1, and STAT6-dependent mechanism. Gastroenterology 2003; 125(5): 1419–27PubMedCrossRef Mishra A, Rothenberg ME. Intratracheal IL-13 induces eosinophilic esophagitis by an IL-5, eotaxin-1, and STAT6-dependent mechanism. Gastroenterology 2003; 125(5): 1419–27PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Blanchard C, Wang N, Stringer KF, et al. Eotaxin-3 and a uniquely conserved gene-expression profile in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Clin Invest 2006; 116(2): 536–47PubMedCrossRef Blanchard C, Wang N, Stringer KF, et al. Eotaxin-3 and a uniquely conserved gene-expression profile in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Clin Invest 2006; 116(2): 536–47PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Kelly KJ, Lazenby AJ, Rowe PC, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis attributed to gastroesophageal reflux: improvement with an amino acid-based formula. Gastroenterology 1995; 109(5): 1503–12PubMedCrossRef Kelly KJ, Lazenby AJ, Rowe PC, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis attributed to gastroesophageal reflux: improvement with an amino acid-based formula. Gastroenterology 1995; 109(5): 1503–12PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Markowitz JE, Spergel JM, Ruchelli E, et al. Elemental diet is an effective treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adolescents. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98(4): 777–82PubMedCrossRef Markowitz JE, Spergel JM, Ruchelli E, et al. Elemental diet is an effective treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adolescents. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98(4): 777–82PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Blanchard C, Wang N, Rothenberg ME. Eosinophilic esophagitis: patho-genesis, genetics, and therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 118(5): 1054–9PubMedCrossRef Blanchard C, Wang N, Rothenberg ME. Eosinophilic esophagitis: patho-genesis, genetics, and therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 118(5): 1054–9PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Spergel JM, Andrews T, Brown-Whitehorn TF, et al. Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis with specific food elimination diet directed by a combination of skin prick and patch tests. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005; 95(4): 336–43PubMedCrossRef Spergel JM, Andrews T, Brown-Whitehorn TF, et al. Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis with specific food elimination diet directed by a combination of skin prick and patch tests. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005; 95(4): 336–43PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Kagalwalla AF, Sentongo TA, Ritz S, et al. Effect of six-food elimination diet on clinical and histologic outcomes in eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 4(9): 1097–102PubMedCrossRef Kagalwalla AF, Sentongo TA, Ritz S, et al. Effect of six-food elimination diet on clinical and histologic outcomes in eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 4(9): 1097–102PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Teitelbaum JE, Fox VL, Twarog FJ, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children: immunopathological analysis and response to fluticasone propionate. Gastroenterology 2002; 122(5): 1216–25PubMedCrossRef Teitelbaum JE, Fox VL, Twarog FJ, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children: immunopathological analysis and response to fluticasone propionate. Gastroenterology 2002; 122(5): 1216–25PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Liacouras CA, Wenner WJ, Brown K, et al. Primary eosinophilic esophagitis in children: successful treatment with oral corticosteroids. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998; 26(4): 380–5PubMedCrossRef Liacouras CA, Wenner WJ, Brown K, et al. Primary eosinophilic esophagitis in children: successful treatment with oral corticosteroids. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998; 26(4): 380–5PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Faubion Jr WA, Perrault J, Burgart LJ, et al. Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis with inhaled corticosteroids. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998; 27(1): 90–3PubMedCrossRef Faubion Jr WA, Perrault J, Burgart LJ, et al. Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis with inhaled corticosteroids. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998; 27(1): 90–3PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Noel RJ, Putnam PE, Collins MH, et al. Clinical and immunopathologic effects of swallowed fluticasone for eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 2(7): 568–75PubMedCrossRef Noel RJ, Putnam PE, Collins MH, et al. Clinical and immunopathologic effects of swallowed fluticasone for eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 2(7): 568–75PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Remedios M, Campbell C, Jones DM, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: clinical, endoscopic, histologic findings, and response to treatment with fluticasone propionate. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 63(1): 3–12PubMedCrossRef Remedios M, Campbell C, Jones DM, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: clinical, endoscopic, histologic findings, and response to treatment with fluticasone propionate. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 63(1): 3–12PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Katz PO. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: clinical, endoscopic, and histologic findings, and response to treatment with fluticasone propionate. Rev Gastroenterol Disord 2006; 6(4): 245–7PubMed Katz PO. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: clinical, endoscopic, and histologic findings, and response to treatment with fluticasone propionate. Rev Gastroenterol Disord 2006; 6(4): 245–7PubMed
40.
go back to reference Lucendo AJ, Pascual-Turrion JM, Navarro M, et al. Endoscopic, bioptic, and manometric findings in eosinophilic esophagitis before and after steroid therapy: a case series. Endoscopy 2007; 39(9): 765–71PubMedCrossRef Lucendo AJ, Pascual-Turrion JM, Navarro M, et al. Endoscopic, bioptic, and manometric findings in eosinophilic esophagitis before and after steroid therapy: a case series. Endoscopy 2007; 39(9): 765–71PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Caldwell JM, Blanchard C, Collins MH, et al. Glucocorticoid-regulated genes in eosinophilic esophagitis: a role for FKBP51. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125(4): 879–88.e8PubMedCrossRef Caldwell JM, Blanchard C, Collins MH, et al. Glucocorticoid-regulated genes in eosinophilic esophagitis: a role for FKBP51. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125(4): 879–88.e8PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Lucendo AJ, De Rezende L, Comas C, et al. Treatment with topical steroids downregulates IL-5, eotaxin-1/CCL1 1, and eotaxin-3/CCL26 gene expression in eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103(9): 2184–93PubMedCrossRef Lucendo AJ, De Rezende L, Comas C, et al. Treatment with topical steroids downregulates IL-5, eotaxin-1/CCL1 1, and eotaxin-3/CCL26 gene expression in eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103(9): 2184–93PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Schaefer ET, Fitzgerald JF, Molleston JP, et al. Comparison of oral prednisone and topical fluticasone in the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis: a randomized trial in children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6(2): 165–73PubMedCrossRef Schaefer ET, Fitzgerald JF, Molleston JP, et al. Comparison of oral prednisone and topical fluticasone in the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis: a randomized trial in children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6(2): 165–73PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Helou EF, Simonson J, Arora AS. 3-yr-follow-up of topical corticosteroid treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis in adults. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103(9): 2194–9PubMedCrossRef Helou EF, Simonson J, Arora AS. 3-yr-follow-up of topical corticosteroid treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis in adults. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103(9): 2194–9PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Peterson KA, Thomas KL, Hilden K, et al. Comparison of esomeprazole to aerosolized, swallowed fluticasone for eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55(5): 1313–9PubMedCrossRef Peterson KA, Thomas KL, Hilden K, et al. Comparison of esomeprazole to aerosolized, swallowed fluticasone for eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55(5): 1313–9PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Abu-Sultaneh SM, Durst P, Maynard V, et al. Fluticasone and food allergen elimination reverse sub-epithelial fibrosis in children with eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56(1): 97–102PubMedCrossRef Abu-Sultaneh SM, Durst P, Maynard V, et al. Fluticasone and food allergen elimination reverse sub-epithelial fibrosis in children with eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56(1): 97–102PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Aceves SS, Dohil R, Newbury RO, et al. Topical viscous budesonide suspension for treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 116(3): 705–6PubMedCrossRef Aceves SS, Dohil R, Newbury RO, et al. Topical viscous budesonide suspension for treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 116(3): 705–6PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Aceves SS, Bastian JF, Newbury RO, et al. Oral viscous budesonide: a potential new therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis in children. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102(10): 2271–9; quiz 2280PubMedCrossRef Aceves SS, Bastian JF, Newbury RO, et al. Oral viscous budesonide: a potential new therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis in children. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102(10): 2271–9; quiz 2280PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Krishna SG, Kakati BR, Olden KW, et al. Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis: is oral viscous budesonide superior to swallowed fluticasone spray? Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2011; 7(1): 55–9 Krishna SG, Kakati BR, Olden KW, et al. Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis: is oral viscous budesonide superior to swallowed fluticasone spray? Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2011; 7(1): 55–9
50.
go back to reference Attwood SE, Lewis CJ, Bronder CS, et al. Eosinophilic oesophagitis: a novel treatment using Montelukast. Gut 2003; 52(2): 181–5PubMedCrossRef Attwood SE, Lewis CJ, Bronder CS, et al. Eosinophilic oesophagitis: a novel treatment using Montelukast. Gut 2003; 52(2): 181–5PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Stumphy J, Al-Zubeidi D, Guerin L, et al. Observations on use of montelukast in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis: insights for the future. Dis Esophagus 2011; 24(4): 229–34PubMedCrossRef Stumphy J, Al-Zubeidi D, Guerin L, et al. Observations on use of montelukast in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis: insights for the future. Dis Esophagus 2011; 24(4): 229–34PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Sayej WN, Patel R, Baker RD, et al. Treatment with high-dose proton pump inhibitors helps distinguish eosinophilic esophagitis from noneosinophilic esophagitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 49(4): 393–9PubMedCrossRef Sayej WN, Patel R, Baker RD, et al. Treatment with high-dose proton pump inhibitors helps distinguish eosinophilic esophagitis from noneosinophilic esophagitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 49(4): 393–9PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Molina-Infante J, Ferrando-Lamana L, Ripoll C, et al. Esophageal eosinophilic infiltration responds to proton pump inhibition in most adults. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9(2): 110–7PubMedCrossRef Molina-Infante J, Ferrando-Lamana L, Ripoll C, et al. Esophageal eosinophilic infiltration responds to proton pump inhibition in most adults. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9(2): 110–7PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Ngo P, Furuta GT, Antonioli DA, et al. Eosinophils in the esophagus: peptic or allergic eosinophilic esophagitis? Case series of three patients with esophageal eosinophilia. Am J Gastroenterol, 2006; 101(7): 1666–70PubMedCrossRef Ngo P, Furuta GT, Antonioli DA, et al. Eosinophils in the esophagus: peptic or allergic eosinophilic esophagitis? Case series of three patients with esophageal eosinophilia. Am J Gastroenterol, 2006; 101(7): 1666–70PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Shah A, Kagalwalla AF, Gonsalves N, et al. Histopathologic variability in children with eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104(3): 716–21PubMedCrossRef Shah A, Kagalwalla AF, Gonsalves N, et al. Histopathologic variability in children with eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104(3): 716–21PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Spechler SJ, Genta RM, Souza RF. Thoughts on the complex relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102(6): 1301–6PubMedCrossRef Spechler SJ, Genta RM, Souza RF. Thoughts on the complex relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102(6): 1301–6PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Merwat SN, Spechler SJ. Might the use of acid-suppressive medications predispose to the development of eosinophilic esophagitis? Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104(8): 1897–902PubMedCrossRef Merwat SN, Spechler SJ. Might the use of acid-suppressive medications predispose to the development of eosinophilic esophagitis? Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104(8): 1897–902PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Egan RW, Athwahl D, Chou CC, et al. Inhibition of pulmonary eosinophilia and hyperreactivity by antibodies to interleukin-5. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1995; 107(1–3): 321–2PubMedCrossRef Egan RW, Athwahl D, Chou CC, et al. Inhibition of pulmonary eosinophilia and hyperreactivity by antibodies to interleukin-5. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1995; 107(1–3): 321–2PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Walsh GM. Reslizumab, a humanized anti-IL-5 mAb for the treatment of eosinophil-mediated inflammatory conditions. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2009; 11(3): 329–36PubMed Walsh GM. Reslizumab, a humanized anti-IL-5 mAb for the treatment of eosinophil-mediated inflammatory conditions. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2009; 11(3): 329–36PubMed
60.
61.
go back to reference Kim YJ, Prussin C, Martin B, et al. Rebound eosinophilia after treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome and eosinophilic gastroenteritis with monoclonal anti-IL-5 antibody SCH55700. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114(6): 1449–55PubMedCrossRef Kim YJ, Prussin C, Martin B, et al. Rebound eosinophilia after treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome and eosinophilic gastroenteritis with monoclonal anti-IL-5 antibody SCH55700. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114(6): 1449–55PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Garrett JK, Jameson SC, Thomson B, et al. Anti-interleukin-5 (mepolizumab) therapy for hypereosinophilic syndromes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113(1): 115–9PubMedCrossRef Garrett JK, Jameson SC, Thomson B, et al. Anti-interleukin-5 (mepolizumab) therapy for hypereosinophilic syndromes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113(1): 115–9PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Stein ML, Collins MH, Villanueva JM, et al. Anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab) therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 118(6): 1312–9PubMedCrossRef Stein ML, Collins MH, Villanueva JM, et al. Anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab) therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 118(6): 1312–9PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Straumann A, Bussmann C, Conus S, et al. Anti-TNF-alpha (infliximab) therapy for severe adult eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122(2): 425–7PubMedCrossRef Straumann A, Bussmann C, Conus S, et al. Anti-TNF-alpha (infliximab) therapy for severe adult eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122(2): 425–7PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Schoepfer AM, Gonsalves N, Bussmann C, et al. Esophageal dilation in eosi-nophilic esophagitis: effectiveness, safety, and impact on the underlying inflammation. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105(5): 1062–70PubMedCrossRef Schoepfer AM, Gonsalves N, Bussmann C, et al. Esophageal dilation in eosi-nophilic esophagitis: effectiveness, safety, and impact on the underlying inflammation. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105(5): 1062–70PubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Lee GS, Craig PI, Freiman JS, et al. Intermittent dysphagia for solids associated with a multiringed esophagus: clinical features and response to dilatation. Dysphagia 2007; 22(1): 55–62PubMedCrossRef Lee GS, Craig PI, Freiman JS, et al. Intermittent dysphagia for solids associated with a multiringed esophagus: clinical features and response to dilatation. Dysphagia 2007; 22(1): 55–62PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Jacobs Jr JW, Spechler SJ. A systematic review of the risk of perforation during esophageal dilation for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55(6): 1512–5PubMedCrossRef Jacobs Jr JW, Spechler SJ. A systematic review of the risk of perforation during esophageal dilation for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55(6): 1512–5PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Jung KW, Gundersen N, Kopacova J, et al. Occurrence of and risk factors for complications after endoscopic dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73(1): 15–21PubMedCrossRef Jung KW, Gundersen N, Kopacova J, et al. Occurrence of and risk factors for complications after endoscopic dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73(1): 15–21PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Schoepfer AM, Gschossman J, Scheurer U, et al. Esophageal strictures in adult eosinophilic esophagitis: dilation is an effective and safe alternative after failure of topical corticosteroids. Endoscopy 2008; 40(2): 161–4PubMedCrossRef Schoepfer AM, Gschossman J, Scheurer U, et al. Esophageal strictures in adult eosinophilic esophagitis: dilation is an effective and safe alternative after failure of topical corticosteroids. Endoscopy 2008; 40(2): 161–4PubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Bohm M, Richter JE, Kelsen S, et al. Esophageal dilation: simple and effective treatment for adults with eosinophilic esophagitis and esophageal rings and narrowing. Dis Esophagus 2010; 23(5): 377–85PubMed Bohm M, Richter JE, Kelsen S, et al. Esophageal dilation: simple and effective treatment for adults with eosinophilic esophagitis and esophageal rings and narrowing. Dis Esophagus 2010; 23(5): 377–85PubMed
Metadata
Title
Management of Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis
An Update
Author
Dr Seema Khan
Publication date
01-02-2012
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Pediatric Drugs / Issue 1/2012
Print ISSN: 1174-5878
Electronic ISSN: 1179-2019
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/11595210-000000000-00000

Other articles of this Issue 1/2012

Pediatric Drugs 1/2012 Go to the issue

Adis Drug Profile

Everolimus