Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Intensive Care Medicine 5/2020

01-05-2020 | Malaria | Narrative Review

Severe malaria. Current concepts and practical overview: What every intensivist should know

Authors: Mervyn Mer, Martin W. Dünser, Regina Giera, Arjen M. Dondorp

Published in: Intensive Care Medicine | Issue 5/2020

Login to get access

Excerpt

Severe malaria is a life-threatening multi-organ disease and causes serious global health care problem. This review provides the most current concepts, contemporary issues and recent developments in the understanding and management of this potentially fatal disease and offers practical directions to those involved in the care of such patients. What every intensivist should know!
Literature
1.
go back to reference White NJ, Pukrittayakamee S, Hien TT, Faiz MA, Mokuolu OA, Dondorp AM (2014) Malaria. Lancet 383:723–735PubMedCrossRef White NJ, Pukrittayakamee S, Hien TT, Faiz MA, Mokuolu OA, Dondorp AM (2014) Malaria. Lancet 383:723–735PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Karnad DR, Nor MBM, Richards GA, Baker T, Amin P, on behalf of the Council of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine (2018) Intensive care in severe malaria: report from the task force on tropical diseases by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. J Crit Care 43:356–360PubMedCrossRef Karnad DR, Nor MBM, Richards GA, Baker T, Amin P, on behalf of the Council of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine (2018) Intensive care in severe malaria: report from the task force on tropical diseases by the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. J Crit Care 43:356–360PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Dondorp AM, Hoang MNT, Mer M, Sepsis in Resource-Limited Settings-Expert Consensus Recommendations Group of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) and the Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit (MORU) in Bangkok, Thailand (2017) Recommendations for the management of severe malaria and severe dengue in resource-limited settings. Intensive Care Med 43(11):1683–1685PubMedCrossRef Dondorp AM, Hoang MNT, Mer M, Sepsis in Resource-Limited Settings-Expert Consensus Recommendations Group of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) and the Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit (MORU) in Bangkok, Thailand (2017) Recommendations for the management of severe malaria and severe dengue in resource-limited settings. Intensive Care Med 43(11):1683–1685PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Odilini S, Parola P, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Caumes E, Schlagenhauf P, Lopez-Velez R, Burchard GD, Santos-O’Connor F, Weld L, von Sonnenburg F, Field V, de Vries P, Jensenius M, Loutan L, Castelli F (2012) Travel-related important infections in Europe, EuroTravNet 2009. Clin Microbiol Infect 18:468CrossRef Odilini S, Parola P, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Caumes E, Schlagenhauf P, Lopez-Velez R, Burchard GD, Santos-O’Connor F, Weld L, von Sonnenburg F, Field V, de Vries P, Jensenius M, Loutan L, Castelli F (2012) Travel-related important infections in Europe, EuroTravNet 2009. Clin Microbiol Infect 18:468CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Leder K, Torresi J, Libman MD, Cramer JP, Castelli F, Schlagenhauf P, Wilder-Smith A, Wilson ME, Keystone JS, Schwartz E, Barnett ED, von Sonnenburg F, Browstein JS, Cheng AC, Sotir MJ, Esposito DH, Freedman DO, GeoSentinel Surveillance Network (2013) Geosentinel surveillance of illness of returned travellers, 2007-2011. Ann Intern Med 158:456–468PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Leder K, Torresi J, Libman MD, Cramer JP, Castelli F, Schlagenhauf P, Wilder-Smith A, Wilson ME, Keystone JS, Schwartz E, Barnett ED, von Sonnenburg F, Browstein JS, Cheng AC, Sotir MJ, Esposito DH, Freedman DO, GeoSentinel Surveillance Network (2013) Geosentinel surveillance of illness of returned travellers, 2007-2011. Ann Intern Med 158:456–468PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Jensenius M, Han PY, Schagenhauf P, Schwartz E, Parola P, Castelli F, von Sonnenburg Loutau L, Leder K, Freedman DO (2013) Acute and potentially life-threatening diseases in western travellers—a GeoSentinel multicentre study 1996–2011. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88(2):397–404PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Jensenius M, Han PY, Schagenhauf P, Schwartz E, Parola P, Castelli F, von Sonnenburg Loutau L, Leder K, Freedman DO (2013) Acute and potentially life-threatening diseases in western travellers—a GeoSentinel multicentre study 1996–2011. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88(2):397–404PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Marks M, Gupta-Wright A, Doherty JF, Singer M, Walker D (2014) Managing malaria in the intensive care unit. Brit J Anaesth 113(6):910–921PubMedCrossRef Marks M, Gupta-Wright A, Doherty JF, Singer M, Walker D (2014) Managing malaria in the intensive care unit. Brit J Anaesth 113(6):910–921PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Trivedi T, Bajaj P, Moulick N, Padwal N (2014) Mortality in malaria: Intensive care (MIMIC). J Assoc Phys India 66:16–20 Trivedi T, Bajaj P, Moulick N, Padwal N (2014) Mortality in malaria: Intensive care (MIMIC). J Assoc Phys India 66:16–20
11.
go back to reference World Health Organization (2014) Severe malaria. Trop Med Int Health 19 (Suppl 1): 7–131. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria (2015). 3rd edn. World Health Organization World Health Organization (2014) Severe malaria. Trop Med Int Health 19 (Suppl 1): 7–131. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria (2015). 3rd edn. World Health Organization
12.
go back to reference World Health Organization (2015) Guidelines for the treatment of malaria, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva World Health Organization (2015) Guidelines for the treatment of malaria, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva
14.
go back to reference Gething PW, Patil AP, Smith DL, Guerra CA, Elyazar IRF, Johnston GL, Tatem AJ, Hay SI (2011) A new world malaria map: plasmodium endemicity in 2010. Malar J 10:378PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Gething PW, Patil AP, Smith DL, Guerra CA, Elyazar IRF, Johnston GL, Tatem AJ, Hay SI (2011) A new world malaria map: plasmodium endemicity in 2010. Malar J 10:378PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Pasvol G (2005) Management of severe malaria: interventions and controversies. Infect Dis Clin N Am 19:211–240CrossRef Pasvol G (2005) Management of severe malaria: interventions and controversies. Infect Dis Clin N Am 19:211–240CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Dondorp AM, Lee SJ, Faiz MA, Mishra S, Price R, Tjitra E, Than M, Htut Y, Mohanty S, Yunus ER, Rahman R, Nosten F, Anstey NM, Day NP, White NJ (2008) The relationship between age and the manifestations of mortality associated with severe malaria. Clin Infect Dis 47(2):151–157PubMedCrossRef Dondorp AM, Lee SJ, Faiz MA, Mishra S, Price R, Tjitra E, Than M, Htut Y, Mohanty S, Yunus ER, Rahman R, Nosten F, Anstey NM, Day NP, White NJ (2008) The relationship between age and the manifestations of mortality associated with severe malaria. Clin Infect Dis 47(2):151–157PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Von Seidlein L, Olaosebikan R, Hendriksen IC, Lee SJ, Adedoyin OT, Agbenyega T, Nguah SB, Bojang K, Deen JL, Evans J, Fanello CI, Gomes E, Pedro AJ, Kahabuka C, Karema C, Kivaya E, Maitland K, Mokuolu OA, Mtove G, Mwanga-Amumpaire J, Nadim B, Nansumba M, Ngum WP, Onyamboko MA, Reyburn H, Sakulthaew T, Silamut K, Tshefu AK, Umulisa N, Gesase S, Day NP, Dondorp AM, Dondorp AM (2012) Predicting the clinical outcome of severe falciparum malaria in African children: findings from a large randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis 54(8):1080–1090CrossRef Von Seidlein L, Olaosebikan R, Hendriksen IC, Lee SJ, Adedoyin OT, Agbenyega T, Nguah SB, Bojang K, Deen JL, Evans J, Fanello CI, Gomes E, Pedro AJ, Kahabuka C, Karema C, Kivaya E, Maitland K, Mokuolu OA, Mtove G, Mwanga-Amumpaire J, Nadim B, Nansumba M, Ngum WP, Onyamboko MA, Reyburn H, Sakulthaew T, Silamut K, Tshefu AK, Umulisa N, Gesase S, Day NP, Dondorp AM, Dondorp AM (2012) Predicting the clinical outcome of severe falciparum malaria in African children: findings from a large randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis 54(8):1080–1090CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Day NP, Phu NH, Mai NT, Chau TT, Loc PP, Chuong LV, Sinh DX, Holloway P, Hien TT, White NJ (2000) The pathophysiologic and prognostic significance of acidosis in severe adult malaria. Crit Care Med 28:1833–1840PubMedCrossRef Day NP, Phu NH, Mai NT, Chau TT, Loc PP, Chuong LV, Sinh DX, Holloway P, Hien TT, White NJ (2000) The pathophysiologic and prognostic significance of acidosis in severe adult malaria. Crit Care Med 28:1833–1840PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Plewes K, Turner GDH, Dondorp AM (2018) Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of coma and acute kidney injury complicating falciparum malaria. Curr Opin Infect Dis 31:69–77PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Plewes K, Turner GDH, Dondorp AM (2018) Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of coma and acute kidney injury complicating falciparum malaria. Curr Opin Infect Dis 31:69–77PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Enomoto M, Kawazu S-I, Kawai S, Furuyama W, Ikegami T, Wantanabe J, Mikoshiba K (2012) Blockage of spontaneous Ca2+ oscillation causes cell death in intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS ONE 7(7):e39499PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Enomoto M, Kawazu S-I, Kawai S, Furuyama W, Ikegami T, Wantanabe J, Mikoshiba K (2012) Blockage of spontaneous Ca2+ oscillation causes cell death in intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS ONE 7(7):e39499PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
23.
go back to reference MacKintosh CL, Beeson JG, Marsh K (2004) Clinical features and pathogenesis of severe malaria. Trends Parasitol 20(12):597–603PubMedCrossRef MacKintosh CL, Beeson JG, Marsh K (2004) Clinical features and pathogenesis of severe malaria. Trends Parasitol 20(12):597–603PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Milner DA Jr (2018) Malaria pathogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspec Med 8(1):pii: a025569CrossRef Milner DA Jr (2018) Malaria pathogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspec Med 8(1):pii: a025569CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Dondorp AM (2008) Clinical significance of sequestration in adults with severe malaria. Transfus Clin Biol 15(1–2):56PubMedCrossRef Dondorp AM (2008) Clinical significance of sequestration in adults with severe malaria. Transfus Clin Biol 15(1–2):56PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Ponsford MJ, Medana IM, Prapanslip P, Hien TT, Lee SJ, Dondorp AM, Esiri MM, Day NP, White NJ, Turner GD (2012) Sequestration and microvascular congestion are associated with coma in human cerebral malaria. J Infect Dis 205(4):663–671PubMedCrossRef Ponsford MJ, Medana IM, Prapanslip P, Hien TT, Lee SJ, Dondorp AM, Esiri MM, Day NP, White NJ, Turner GD (2012) Sequestration and microvascular congestion are associated with coma in human cerebral malaria. J Infect Dis 205(4):663–671PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Newbold C, Craig A, Kyes S, Rowe A, Fernandez-Reyes D, Fagan T (1999) Cytoadherence, pathogenesis and the infected red cell surface in Plasmodium falciparum. Int J Parasitol 29(6):927PubMedCrossRef Newbold C, Craig A, Kyes S, Rowe A, Fernandez-Reyes D, Fagan T (1999) Cytoadherence, pathogenesis and the infected red cell surface in Plasmodium falciparum. Int J Parasitol 29(6):927PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Wassmer SC, Taylor TE, Rathod PK, Mishra SK, Mohanty S, Arevalo-Herrera M, Duraisingh MT, Smith JD (2015) Investigating the pathogenesis of severe malaria: a multidisciplinary and cross-geographical approach. Am J Trop Med Hyg 93(3 Suppl):42PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Wassmer SC, Taylor TE, Rathod PK, Mishra SK, Mohanty S, Arevalo-Herrera M, Duraisingh MT, Smith JD (2015) Investigating the pathogenesis of severe malaria: a multidisciplinary and cross-geographical approach. Am J Trop Med Hyg 93(3 Suppl):42PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Krishna S, Waller DW, ter Kuile F, Kwiatkowski D, Crawley J, Craddock CFC, Nosten F, Chapman D, Brewster D, Holloway PA, White NJ (1994) Lactic acidosis and hypoglycaemia in children with severe malaria: pathophysiological and prognostic significance. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88(1):67–73PubMedCrossRef Krishna S, Waller DW, ter Kuile F, Kwiatkowski D, Crawley J, Craddock CFC, Nosten F, Chapman D, Brewster D, Holloway PA, White NJ (1994) Lactic acidosis and hypoglycaemia in children with severe malaria: pathophysiological and prognostic significance. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88(1):67–73PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Krishnan A, Karnad D (2003) Severe falciparum malaria: an important cause of multiple organ failure in Indian intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 31:2278–2284PubMedCrossRef Krishnan A, Karnad D (2003) Severe falciparum malaria: an important cause of multiple organ failure in Indian intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 31:2278–2284PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Dascari P, Reiss K, Lingelbach K, Baumeister S, Lucius R, Udomsangpetch R, Bhakdi SC, Bhakdi S (2011) Digestive vacuoles of Plasmodium falciparum are selectively phagocytosed by and impair killing function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Blood 118:4946–4956CrossRef Dascari P, Reiss K, Lingelbach K, Baumeister S, Lucius R, Udomsangpetch R, Bhakdi SC, Bhakdi S (2011) Digestive vacuoles of Plasmodium falciparum are selectively phagocytosed by and impair killing function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Blood 118:4946–4956CrossRef
33.
go back to reference English M, Punt J, Mwangi I, McHugh K, Marsh K (1996) Clinical overlap between malaria and severe pneumonia in African children in hospital. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90:658–662PubMedCrossRef English M, Punt J, Mwangi I, McHugh K, Marsh K (1996) Clinical overlap between malaria and severe pneumonia in African children in hospital. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90:658–662PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Bronzan RF, Taylor TE, Mwenechanya J, Tembo M, Kayira K, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kondowe W, Chalira C, Walsh AL, Phiri A, Wilson LK, Molyneux ME, Graham SM (2007) Bacteremia in Malawian children with severe malaria: prevalence, etiology, HIV co-infection, and outcome. J Infect Dis 195:895–904PubMedCrossRef Bronzan RF, Taylor TE, Mwenechanya J, Tembo M, Kayira K, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kondowe W, Chalira C, Walsh AL, Phiri A, Wilson LK, Molyneux ME, Graham SM (2007) Bacteremia in Malawian children with severe malaria: prevalence, etiology, HIV co-infection, and outcome. J Infect Dis 195:895–904PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Bruneel F, Tubach F, Corne P, Megarbane B, Mira JP, Peytel E, Camus C, Schortgen F, Azoulay E, Cohen Y, Georges H, Meybeck A, Hyvernat H, Trouillet JL, Frenoy E, Nicolet L, Roy C, Durand R, Le Bras J, Wolff M (2010) Severe Imported Malaria in Adults (SIMA) Study Group. Severe imported falciparum malaria: a cohort study in 400 critically ill adults. PLoS ONE 5:e13236PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bruneel F, Tubach F, Corne P, Megarbane B, Mira JP, Peytel E, Camus C, Schortgen F, Azoulay E, Cohen Y, Georges H, Meybeck A, Hyvernat H, Trouillet JL, Frenoy E, Nicolet L, Roy C, Durand R, Le Bras J, Wolff M (2010) Severe Imported Malaria in Adults (SIMA) Study Group. Severe imported falciparum malaria: a cohort study in 400 critically ill adults. PLoS ONE 5:e13236PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Njuguna PW, Newton CR (2004) Management of severe falciparum malaria. J Postgrad Med 50:45–50PubMed Njuguna PW, Newton CR (2004) Management of severe falciparum malaria. J Postgrad Med 50:45–50PubMed
38.
go back to reference Taylor WRJ, Hanson J, Turner GDH, White NJ, Dondorp AM (2012) Respiratory manifestations of malaria. Chest 142:492–505PubMedCrossRef Taylor WRJ, Hanson J, Turner GDH, White NJ, Dondorp AM (2012) Respiratory manifestations of malaria. Chest 142:492–505PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Plewes K, Leopold SJ, Kingston HWF, Dondorp AM (2019) What’s new in the management of malaria? Infect Dis Clin N Am 33:39–60CrossRef Plewes K, Leopold SJ, Kingston HWF, Dondorp AM (2019) What’s new in the management of malaria? Infect Dis Clin N Am 33:39–60CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Abdul-Ghani R, Al-Mekhlafi AM, Karanis P (2012) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for malarial parasites of humans: would it come to clinical reality as a point-of-care test? Acta Trop 122:233–240PubMedCrossRef Abdul-Ghani R, Al-Mekhlafi AM, Karanis P (2012) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for malarial parasites of humans: would it come to clinical reality as a point-of-care test? Acta Trop 122:233–240PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Han Euan-Taek (2013) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification test for the molecular diagnosis of malaria. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 13(2):205–218PubMedCrossRef Han Euan-Taek (2013) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification test for the molecular diagnosis of malaria. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 13(2):205–218PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Mohon AN, Getie S, Jahan N, Alam MS, Pillai DR (2019) Ultrasensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (US-LAMP) to detect malaria for elimination. Malar J 18:350PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mohon AN, Getie S, Jahan N, Alam MS, Pillai DR (2019) Ultrasensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (US-LAMP) to detect malaria for elimination. Malar J 18:350PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Madrid L, Lanaspa M, Maculuve SA, Bassat Q (2015) Malaria-associated hypoglycaemia in children. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 13:267–277PubMedCrossRef Madrid L, Lanaspa M, Maculuve SA, Bassat Q (2015) Malaria-associated hypoglycaemia in children. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 13:267–277PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference White NJ, Warrell DA, Chanthavanich P, Looareesuwan S, Warrell MJ, Krishna S, Williamson DH, Turner RC (1983) Severe hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 309(2):61–66PubMedCrossRef White NJ, Warrell DA, Chanthavanich P, Looareesuwan S, Warrell MJ, Krishna S, Williamson DH, Turner RC (1983) Severe hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 309(2):61–66PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Phillips RE (1989) Hypoglycaemia is an important complication of falciparum malaria. Q J Med 71(266):477–483PubMed Phillips RE (1989) Hypoglycaemia is an important complication of falciparum malaria. Q J Med 71(266):477–483PubMed
47.
go back to reference Hanson J, Lee SJ, Mohanty S, Faitz MA, Anstey NM, Charunwatthana P, Yunus EB, Mishra SK, Tjitra E, Price RN, Rahman R, Nosten F, Htut Y, Hoque G, Hong Chau TT, Hoan Phu N, Hien TT, White NJ, Day NP, Dondorp AM (2010) A simple score to predict the outcome of severe malaria in adults. Clin Infect Dis 50:679–685PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hanson J, Lee SJ, Mohanty S, Faitz MA, Anstey NM, Charunwatthana P, Yunus EB, Mishra SK, Tjitra E, Price RN, Rahman R, Nosten F, Htut Y, Hoque G, Hong Chau TT, Hoan Phu N, Hien TT, White NJ, Day NP, Dondorp AM (2010) A simple score to predict the outcome of severe malaria in adults. Clin Infect Dis 50:679–685PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Leopold SJ, Watson JA, Jeeyapant A, Simpson JA, Phu NH, Hien TT, Day NPJ, Dondorp AM, White NJ (2019) Investigating causal pathways in severe falciparum malaria: a pooled retrospective analysis of clinical studies. PLoS Med 16(8):e10002858CrossRef Leopold SJ, Watson JA, Jeeyapant A, Simpson JA, Phu NH, Hien TT, Day NPJ, Dondorp AM, White NJ (2019) Investigating causal pathways in severe falciparum malaria: a pooled retrospective analysis of clinical studies. PLoS Med 16(8):e10002858CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Bruneel F, Tulbach F, Mira JP, Houze S, Gibot S, Huisse MG, Megarbane B, Choquet C, Corne P, Peytel E, Villiers D, Camus C, Bouchaud O, Caumes E, Girard PM, Simon F, Kalloumeh A, Roy C, Durand R, Le Bras J, Matheron S, Wolff M, PALUREA study Group (2016) Imported falciparum malaria in adults: host-and parasite related factors associated with severity. The French prospective multicentre PALUREA cohort study. Intensive Care Med 42(10):1588–1596PubMedCrossRef Bruneel F, Tulbach F, Mira JP, Houze S, Gibot S, Huisse MG, Megarbane B, Choquet C, Corne P, Peytel E, Villiers D, Camus C, Bouchaud O, Caumes E, Girard PM, Simon F, Kalloumeh A, Roy C, Durand R, Le Bras J, Matheron S, Wolff M, PALUREA study Group (2016) Imported falciparum malaria in adults: host-and parasite related factors associated with severity. The French prospective multicentre PALUREA cohort study. Intensive Care Med 42(10):1588–1596PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Dondorp A, Nosten F, Stepniewska K, Day N, White N (2005) Artesunate versus quinine for treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a randomised trial. Lancet 366(9487):717–725PubMedCrossRef Dondorp A, Nosten F, Stepniewska K, Day N, White N (2005) Artesunate versus quinine for treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a randomised trial. Lancet 366(9487):717–725PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Dondorp AM, Fanello CI, Hendriksen IC, Gomes E, Seni A, Chhaganial KD, Bojang K, Olaosebikan R, Anunobi N, Maitland K, Kivaaya E, Agbenyega T, Nguah SB, Evans J, Gesase S, Kahabuka C, Mtove G, Nadjm B, Deen J, Mwanga-Amumpaire J, Nansumba M, Karema C, Umulisa N, Uwimana A, Mokuolu OA, Adenyon OT, Johnson WB, Tshefu AK, Onyamboko MA, Sakulthaew T, Ngum WP, Silamut K, Stepniewska K, Woodrow CJ, Bethell D, Wills B, Oneko M, Peto TE, von Seidlein L, Day NP, White NJ, AQUAMAT group (2010) Artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children (AQUAMAT): an open-label, randomised trial. Lancet 376(9753):1647–1657PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dondorp AM, Fanello CI, Hendriksen IC, Gomes E, Seni A, Chhaganial KD, Bojang K, Olaosebikan R, Anunobi N, Maitland K, Kivaaya E, Agbenyega T, Nguah SB, Evans J, Gesase S, Kahabuka C, Mtove G, Nadjm B, Deen J, Mwanga-Amumpaire J, Nansumba M, Karema C, Umulisa N, Uwimana A, Mokuolu OA, Adenyon OT, Johnson WB, Tshefu AK, Onyamboko MA, Sakulthaew T, Ngum WP, Silamut K, Stepniewska K, Woodrow CJ, Bethell D, Wills B, Oneko M, Peto TE, von Seidlein L, Day NP, White NJ, AQUAMAT group (2010) Artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children (AQUAMAT): an open-label, randomised trial. Lancet 376(9753):1647–1657PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Sinclair D, Donegan S, Lalloo DG (2011) Artesunate versus quinine for treating malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD005967 Sinclair D, Donegan S, Lalloo DG (2011) Artesunate versus quinine for treating malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD005967
53.
go back to reference Sinclair D, Donegan S, Isba R, Lalloo DG (2012) Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6:CD005967 Sinclair D, Donegan S, Isba R, Lalloo DG (2012) Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6:CD005967
54.
go back to reference Kurth F, Develoux M, Mechain M, Clerinx J, Antorini S, Gjorup IE, Gascon J, Morch K, Nicastri E, Ramharter M, Bartoloni A, Visser L, Rolling T, ZangerP Calleri G, Salas-Coronas J, Nielsen H, Just-Nubling G, Neumayr A, Hachfeld A, Schmid ML, Antonini P, Pongratz P, Kern P, Saraiva da Cunha J, Soriano-Arandes A, Schunk M, Suttorp N, Hatz C, Zoller T, TropNet Severe Malaria Investigator Group (2015) Intravenous artesunate reduces parasite clearance time, duration of intensive care, and hospital treatment in patients with severe malaria in Europe: the TropNet Severe Malaria Study. Clin Infect Dis 61(9):1441–1444PubMedCrossRef Kurth F, Develoux M, Mechain M, Clerinx J, Antorini S, Gjorup IE, Gascon J, Morch K, Nicastri E, Ramharter M, Bartoloni A, Visser L, Rolling T, ZangerP Calleri G, Salas-Coronas J, Nielsen H, Just-Nubling G, Neumayr A, Hachfeld A, Schmid ML, Antonini P, Pongratz P, Kern P, Saraiva da Cunha J, Soriano-Arandes A, Schunk M, Suttorp N, Hatz C, Zoller T, TropNet Severe Malaria Investigator Group (2015) Intravenous artesunate reduces parasite clearance time, duration of intensive care, and hospital treatment in patients with severe malaria in Europe: the TropNet Severe Malaria Study. Clin Infect Dis 61(9):1441–1444PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Eder M, Farne H, Cargill T, Abbara A, Davidson RN (2012) Intravenous artesunate versus intravenous quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a retrospective evaluation from a UK centre. Pathog Glob Health 106(3):181–187PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Eder M, Farne H, Cargill T, Abbara A, Davidson RN (2012) Intravenous artesunate versus intravenous quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a retrospective evaluation from a UK centre. Pathog Glob Health 106(3):181–187PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Jaureguiberry S, Ndour PA, Roussel C, Ader F, Safeukui I, Nguyen M, Biligui S, Ciceron L, Mouri O, Kendjo E, Bricaire F, Vray M, Angoulvant A, Mayaux J, Haldar K, Mazier D, Danis M, Caumes E, Thellier M, Buffet P (2014) Postartesunate delayed hemolysis is a predictable event related to the lifesaving effect of artemisinins. Blood 124(2):167–175PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Jaureguiberry S, Ndour PA, Roussel C, Ader F, Safeukui I, Nguyen M, Biligui S, Ciceron L, Mouri O, Kendjo E, Bricaire F, Vray M, Angoulvant A, Mayaux J, Haldar K, Mazier D, Danis M, Caumes E, Thellier M, Buffet P (2014) Postartesunate delayed hemolysis is a predictable event related to the lifesaving effect of artemisinins. Blood 124(2):167–175PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Plewes K, Haider MS, Kingston HW, Yeo TW, Ghose A, Hossain MA, Dondorp AM, Turner GD, Anstey NM (2015) Severe falciparum malaria treated with artesunate complicated by delayed onset haemolysis and acute kidney injury. Malar J 14:246PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Plewes K, Haider MS, Kingston HW, Yeo TW, Ghose A, Hossain MA, Dondorp AM, Turner GD, Anstey NM (2015) Severe falciparum malaria treated with artesunate complicated by delayed onset haemolysis and acute kidney injury. Malar J 14:246PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Fanello C, Onyamboko M, Lee SJ, Chotivanich K, Buffet P, Jaureguiberry S, Rockett K, Stepniewska K, Day NPJ, White NJ, Dondorp AM (2017) Post-treatment haemolysis in African children with hyperparasitaemic falciparum malaria; a randomized comparison of artesunate and quinine. BMC Infect Dis 17(1):575PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Fanello C, Onyamboko M, Lee SJ, Chotivanich K, Buffet P, Jaureguiberry S, Rockett K, Stepniewska K, Day NPJ, White NJ, Dondorp AM (2017) Post-treatment haemolysis in African children with hyperparasitaemic falciparum malaria; a randomized comparison of artesunate and quinine. BMC Infect Dis 17(1):575PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Esu E, Effa EE, Opie ON, Uwaoma A, Meremikwu MM (2014) Artemether for severe malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9:CD010678 Esu E, Effa EE, Opie ON, Uwaoma A, Meremikwu MM (2014) Artemether for severe malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9:CD010678
60.
go back to reference Esu EB, Effa EE, Opie ON, Meremikwu MM (2019) Artemether for severe malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6:CD010678PubMed Esu EB, Effa EE, Opie ON, Meremikwu MM (2019) Artemether for severe malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6:CD010678PubMed
61.
go back to reference Nguyen TH, Day NP, Ly VC, Waller D, Mai NT, Bethell DB, Tran TH, White NJ (1996) Post-malaria neurological syndrome. Lancet 348(9032):917–921PubMedCrossRef Nguyen TH, Day NP, Ly VC, Waller D, Mai NT, Bethell DB, Tran TH, White NJ (1996) Post-malaria neurological syndrome. Lancet 348(9032):917–921PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Ashley EA, Dhorda M, Fairhurst RM, Amaratunga C, Lim P, Suon S, Sreng S, Anderson JM, Mao S, Sam B, Sopha C, Chuor CM, Nguon C, Sovannaroth S, Pukrittayakamee S, Jittamala P, Chotivanich K, Chutasmit K, Suchatsoonthorn C, Runcharoen R, Hien TT, Thuy-Nhien NT, Thanh NV, Phu NH, Htut Y, Han KT, Aye KH, Mokuolu OA, Olaosebikan RR, Flaranmi OO, Mayxay M, Khanthavong M, Hongvanthong B, Newton PN, Onyamboko MA, Fanello CI, Tshefu AK, Mishra N, Valecha N, Phyo AP, Nosten F, Yi P, Tripura R, Borrmann S, Bashraheil M, Peshu J, Faiz MA, Ghose A, Hossain MA, Samad R, Rahman MR, Hasan MM, Islam A, Miotto O, Amato R, MacInnis B, Stalker J, Kwiatkowski DP, Bozdech Z, Jeeyapant A, Cheah PY, Sakulthaew T, Chalk J, Inthrarabut B, Silamut K, Lee SJ, Vihokhern B, Kunasol C, Imwong M, Tarning J, Taylor WJ, Yeung S, Woodrow CJ, Flegg JA, Das D, Smith J, Venkatesan M, Plowe CV, Stepniewska K, Guerin PJ, Dondorp AM, Day NP, White NJ, Tracking Resistance to Artemisinin Collaboration (TRAC) (2014) Spread of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 371(5):411–423PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ashley EA, Dhorda M, Fairhurst RM, Amaratunga C, Lim P, Suon S, Sreng S, Anderson JM, Mao S, Sam B, Sopha C, Chuor CM, Nguon C, Sovannaroth S, Pukrittayakamee S, Jittamala P, Chotivanich K, Chutasmit K, Suchatsoonthorn C, Runcharoen R, Hien TT, Thuy-Nhien NT, Thanh NV, Phu NH, Htut Y, Han KT, Aye KH, Mokuolu OA, Olaosebikan RR, Flaranmi OO, Mayxay M, Khanthavong M, Hongvanthong B, Newton PN, Onyamboko MA, Fanello CI, Tshefu AK, Mishra N, Valecha N, Phyo AP, Nosten F, Yi P, Tripura R, Borrmann S, Bashraheil M, Peshu J, Faiz MA, Ghose A, Hossain MA, Samad R, Rahman MR, Hasan MM, Islam A, Miotto O, Amato R, MacInnis B, Stalker J, Kwiatkowski DP, Bozdech Z, Jeeyapant A, Cheah PY, Sakulthaew T, Chalk J, Inthrarabut B, Silamut K, Lee SJ, Vihokhern B, Kunasol C, Imwong M, Tarning J, Taylor WJ, Yeung S, Woodrow CJ, Flegg JA, Das D, Smith J, Venkatesan M, Plowe CV, Stepniewska K, Guerin PJ, Dondorp AM, Day NP, White NJ, Tracking Resistance to Artemisinin Collaboration (TRAC) (2014) Spread of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 371(5):411–423PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Plewes K, Kingston HWF, Ghose A, Wattanakul T, Hassan MMU, Haider MS, Dutta PK, Islam MA, Alam S, Jahangir SM, Zahed ASM, Sattar MA, Chowdhury MAH, Herdman MT, Leopold SJ, Ishioka H, Piera KA, Charunwatthana P, Silamut K, Yeo TW, Lee SJ, Mukaka M, Maude RJ, Turner GDH, Faiz MA, Tarning J, Oates JA, Anstey NM, White NJ, Day NPJ, Hossain MA, Roberts Ii LJ, Dondorp AM (2018) Acetaminophen as a renoprotective adjunctive treatment in patients with severe and moderately severe falciparum malaria: a randomized controlled, open-label trial. Clin Infect Dis 67(7):991–999PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Plewes K, Kingston HWF, Ghose A, Wattanakul T, Hassan MMU, Haider MS, Dutta PK, Islam MA, Alam S, Jahangir SM, Zahed ASM, Sattar MA, Chowdhury MAH, Herdman MT, Leopold SJ, Ishioka H, Piera KA, Charunwatthana P, Silamut K, Yeo TW, Lee SJ, Mukaka M, Maude RJ, Turner GDH, Faiz MA, Tarning J, Oates JA, Anstey NM, White NJ, Day NPJ, Hossain MA, Roberts Ii LJ, Dondorp AM (2018) Acetaminophen as a renoprotective adjunctive treatment in patients with severe and moderately severe falciparum malaria: a randomized controlled, open-label trial. Clin Infect Dis 67(7):991–999PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Warrell DA, Looareesuwan S, Warrell MJ, Kasemsam P, Intaraprasert R, Bunnag D, Harinasula T (1982) Dexamethasone proves deleterious in cerebral malaria. A double-blind trial in 100 comatose patients. N Engl J Med 306(6):313–319PubMedCrossRef Warrell DA, Looareesuwan S, Warrell MJ, Kasemsam P, Intaraprasert R, Bunnag D, Harinasula T (1982) Dexamethasone proves deleterious in cerebral malaria. A double-blind trial in 100 comatose patients. N Engl J Med 306(6):313–319PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Mohanty S, Mishra SK, Patnaik R, Dutt AK, Pradhans S, Das B, Patnaik J, Mohanty AK, Lee SJ, Dondorp AM (2011) Brain swelling and mannitol therapy in adult cerebral malaria: a randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis 53(4):349–355PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mohanty S, Mishra SK, Patnaik R, Dutt AK, Pradhans S, Das B, Patnaik J, Mohanty AK, Lee SJ, Dondorp AM (2011) Brain swelling and mannitol therapy in adult cerebral malaria: a randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis 53(4):349–355PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Tan KR, Wiegand RE, Arguin PM (2013) Exchange transfusion for severe malaria: evidence base and literature review. Clin Infect Dis 57(7):923–928PubMedCrossRef Tan KR, Wiegand RE, Arguin PM (2013) Exchange transfusion for severe malaria: evidence base and literature review. Clin Infect Dis 57(7):923–928PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Calvo-Cano A, Gomez-Juyent J, Lozano M, Castro P, Cid J, Nicolas JM, Quinto L, Martin M, Munoz J, Gascon J (2016) The role of red blood cell exchange for severe imported malaria in the artesunate era: a retrospective cohort study in a referral centre. Malar J 15:216PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Calvo-Cano A, Gomez-Juyent J, Lozano M, Castro P, Cid J, Nicolas JM, Quinto L, Martin M, Munoz J, Gascon J (2016) The role of red blood cell exchange for severe imported malaria in the artesunate era: a retrospective cohort study in a referral centre. Malar J 15:216PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Kreeftmeijer-Vegter AR, Melo Mde M, de Vries PJ, Koelewijn R, van Hellemond JJ, van Genderen PJ (2014) Manual blood exchange transfusion does not significantly contribute to parasite clearance in artesunate-treated individuals with imported severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Malar J 12:115CrossRef Kreeftmeijer-Vegter AR, Melo Mde M, de Vries PJ, Koelewijn R, van Hellemond JJ, van Genderen PJ (2014) Manual blood exchange transfusion does not significantly contribute to parasite clearance in artesunate-treated individuals with imported severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Malar J 12:115CrossRef
69.
70.
71.
go back to reference Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, Engoru C, Olupot-Olupot P, Akech SO, Nyeko R, Mtove G, Reyburn H, Lang T, Brent B, Evans JA, Tibenderana JK, Crawley J, Russell EC, Levin M, Babiker AG, Gibb DM, FEAST trial Group (2011) Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med 364(26):2483–2495PubMedCrossRef Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, Engoru C, Olupot-Olupot P, Akech SO, Nyeko R, Mtove G, Reyburn H, Lang T, Brent B, Evans JA, Tibenderana JK, Crawley J, Russell EC, Levin M, Babiker AG, Gibb DM, FEAST trial Group (2011) Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med 364(26):2483–2495PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Aung NM, Kaung M, Kyi TT, Kyaw MP, Min M, Htet ZW, Anstey NM, Kyi MM, Hanson J (2015) The safety of a conservative fluid replacement strategy in adults hospitalised with Malaria. PLoS ONE 10(11):e0143062PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Aung NM, Kaung M, Kyi TT, Kyaw MP, Min M, Htet ZW, Anstey NM, Kyi MM, Hanson J (2015) The safety of a conservative fluid replacement strategy in adults hospitalised with Malaria. PLoS ONE 10(11):e0143062PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Ishioka H, Plewes K, Pattnaik R, Kingston HWF, Leopold SJ, Herdman MT, Mahanta K, Mohanty A, Dey C, Alam S, Srinamon K, Mohanty A, Maude RJ, White NJ, Day NPJ, Hossain MA, Faiz MA, Charunwatthana P, Mohanty S, Ghose A, Dondorp AM (2019). Associations between restrictive fluid management and renal function and tissue perfusion in adults with severe falciparum malaria – a prospective observational study. J Infect Dis pii: jiz449 Ishioka H, Plewes K, Pattnaik R, Kingston HWF, Leopold SJ, Herdman MT, Mahanta K, Mohanty A, Dey C, Alam S, Srinamon K, Mohanty A, Maude RJ, White NJ, Day NPJ, Hossain MA, Faiz MA, Charunwatthana P, Mohanty S, Ghose A, Dondorp AM (2019). Associations between restrictive fluid management and renal function and tissue perfusion in adults with severe falciparum malaria – a prospective observational study. J Infect Dis pii: jiz449
74.
go back to reference Seydel KB, Kampondeni SD, Valim C, Potchen MJ, Milner DA, Muwalo FW, Birbeck GL, Bradley WG, Fox LL, Glover SJ, Hammond CA, Heyderman RS, Chilingulo CA, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE (2015) Brain swelling and death in children with cerebral malaria. N Engl J Med 372:1126–1137PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Seydel KB, Kampondeni SD, Valim C, Potchen MJ, Milner DA, Muwalo FW, Birbeck GL, Bradley WG, Fox LL, Glover SJ, Hammond CA, Heyderman RS, Chilingulo CA, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE (2015) Brain swelling and death in children with cerebral malaria. N Engl J Med 372:1126–1137PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Mohanty S, Benjamin LA, Majhi M, Panda P, Kampondeni S, Sahu PK, Mohanty A, Mahanta KC, Pattnaik R, Mohanty RR, Joshi S, Mohanty A, Turnbull IW, Dondorp AM, Taylor TE, Wassmer SC (2017) Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral malaria patients reveals distinct pathogenetic processes in different parts of the brain. mSphere 2(3):Pii: e00193-17CrossRef Mohanty S, Benjamin LA, Majhi M, Panda P, Kampondeni S, Sahu PK, Mohanty A, Mahanta KC, Pattnaik R, Mohanty RR, Joshi S, Mohanty A, Turnbull IW, Dondorp AM, Taylor TE, Wassmer SC (2017) Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral malaria patients reveals distinct pathogenetic processes in different parts of the brain. mSphere 2(3):Pii: e00193-17CrossRef
76.
go back to reference Phu NH, Hien TT, Mai NT, Chau TT, Chuong LV, Loc PP, Winearls C, Farrar J, White N, Day N (2002) Hemofiltration and peritoneal dialysis in infection-associated acute renal failure in Vietnam. N Engl J Med 347(12):895–902PubMedCrossRef Phu NH, Hien TT, Mai NT, Chau TT, Chuong LV, Loc PP, Winearls C, Farrar J, White N, Day N (2002) Hemofiltration and peritoneal dialysis in infection-associated acute renal failure in Vietnam. N Engl J Med 347(12):895–902PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Bruneel F, Gachot B, Wolff M, Régnier B, Danis M, Vachon F, Corresponding Group (2001) Resurgence of blackwater fever in long-term European expatriates in Africa: report of 21 cases and review. Clin Infect Dis 32:1130–1140 Bruneel F, Gachot B, Wolff M, Régnier B, Danis M, Vachon F, Corresponding Group (2001) Resurgence of blackwater fever in long-term European expatriates in Africa: report of 21 cases and review. Clin Infect Dis 32:1130–1140
78.
go back to reference RTS,S Clinical Trials Partnership (2012) A phase 3 trial of RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine in African infants. N Engl J Med 367:2284–2295CrossRef RTS,S Clinical Trials Partnership (2012) A phase 3 trial of RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine in African infants. N Engl J Med 367:2284–2295CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Severe malaria. Current concepts and practical overview: What every intensivist should know
Authors
Mervyn Mer
Martin W. Dünser
Regina Giera
Arjen M. Dondorp
Publication date
01-05-2020
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword
Malaria
Published in
Intensive Care Medicine / Issue 5/2020
Print ISSN: 0342-4642
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1238
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06019-0

Other articles of this Issue 5/2020

Intensive Care Medicine 5/2020 Go to the issue