Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Pediatric Radiology
Published in: Pediatric Radiology 5/2021

01-05-2021 | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Minisymposium: Pediatric MRI quality and safety

Magnetic resonance imaging in children with implants

Authors: Camilo Jaimes, Diane Biaggotti, Gayathri Sreedher, Apeksha Chaturvedi, Michael M. Moore, Amy R. Danehy

Published in: Pediatric Radiology | Issue 5/2021

Login to get access

Abstract

As access to MRI in pediatrics increases, the radiologist needs to become acquainted with the basic principles of MRI safety. As part of the image acquisition, the static magnetic field, gradient system, and the radiofrequency transmit–receive coil interact with medical and non-medical implants and can result in serious injury. The main stage of risk triage is based on the determination of whether the implant is MRI-safe, conditional, unsafe or unknown. Guiding principles include the strict adherence to manufacturer specifications for MRI-conditional implants and the assumption that an unknown implant is MR-unsafe. In this article we review considerations for common medical implants encountered in pediatrics including ventriculoperitoneal shunts, orthopedic hardware, orthodontic hardware, pacemakers, vascular stents, vagal nerve stimulators and cochlear implants. Finally, we review a set of high-yield considerations, including the non-communicative patient (sedated or non-verbal), susceptibility artifacts from unclear source, and the approach to an unknown implant.
Literature
1.
Uffman JC, Tumin D, Raman V et al (2017) MRI utilization and the associated use of sedation and anesthesia in a pediatric ACO. J Am Coll Radiol 14:924–930PubMedCrossRef
2.
Jaimes C, Poussaint TY (2019) Primary neoplasms of the pediatric brain. Radiol Clin N Am 57:1163–1175PubMedCrossRef
3.
Ho-Fung V, Jaimes C, Delgado J et al (2013) MRI evaluation of the knee in children with infantile Blount disease: tibial and extra-tibial findings. Pediatr Radiol 43:1316–1326PubMedCrossRef
4.
Morani AC, Smith EA, Ganeshan D, Dillman JR (2015) Diffusion-weighted MRI in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 204:1269–1277PubMedCrossRef
5.
Landrigan C (2001) Preventable deaths and injuries during magnetic resonance imaging. N Engl J Med 345:1000–1001PubMedCrossRef
6.
Hardy PT 2nd, Weil KM (2010) A review of thermal MR injuries. Radiol Technol 81:606–609PubMed
7.
Jaimes C, Murcia DJ, Miguel K et al (2018) Identification of quality improvement areas in pediatric MRI from analysis of patient safety reports. Pediatr Radiol 48:66–73PubMedCrossRef
8.
Snyder EJ, Zhang W, Jasmin KC et al (2018) Gauging potential risk for patients in pediatric radiology by review of over 2,000 incident reports. Pediatr Radiol 48:1867–1874PubMedCrossRef
9.
Robertson RL, Silk S, Ecklund K et al (2018) Imaging optimization in children. J Am Coll Radiol 15:440–443PubMedCrossRef
10.
Jaimes C, Gee MS (2016) Strategies to minimize sedation in pediatric body magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Radiol 46:916–927PubMedCrossRef
11.
Tsai LL, Grant AK, Mortele KJ et al (2015) A practical guide to MR imaging safety: what radiologists need to know. Radiographics 35:1722–1737PubMedCrossRef
12.
Salerno S, Granata C, Trapenese M et al (2018) Is MRI imaging in pediatric age totally safe? A critical reprisal. Radiol Med 123:695–702PubMedCrossRef
13.
14.
Finlay CCMS, Beggan CD, Bondar TN et al (2010) International geomagnetic reference. Geophys J Int 183:1216–1230CrossRef
15.
Jacobs MA, Ibrahim TS, Ouwerkerk R (2007) AAPM/RSNA physics tutorials for residents: MR imaging: brief overview and emerging applications. Radiographics 27:1213–1229PubMedCrossRef
16.
Kanal E, Froelich J, Barkovich AJ et al (2015) Standardized MR terminology and reporting of implants and devices as recommended by the American College of Radiology subcommittee on MR safety. Radiology 274:866–870PubMedCrossRef
17.
18.
19.
Lavinio A, Harding S, Van Der Boogaard F et al (2008) Magnetic field interactions in adjustable hydrocephalus shunts. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2:222–228PubMedCrossRef
20.
Lollis SS, Mamourian AC, Vaccaro TJ, Duhaime AC (2010) Programmable CSF shunt valves: radiographic identification and interpretation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 31:1343–1346PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
21.
Shellock FG, Wilson SF, Mauge CP (2007) Magnetically programmable shunt valve: MRI at 3-tesla. Magn Reson Imaging 25:1116–1121PubMedCrossRef
22.
Mirzayan MJ, Klinge PM, Samii M et al (2012) MRI safety of a programmable shunt assistant at 3 and 7 tesla. Br J Neurosurg 26:397–400PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zeijlemaker V, Luechinger R, Duru F, Boesiger P (2006) RF-heating effects on coated wires and pacemaker leads at 1.5T and 3.0T. Proc Int Soc Magn Reson Med 14
24.
Nazarian S, Halperin HR (2009) How to perform magnetic resonance imaging on patients with implantable cardiac arrhythmia devices. Heart Rhythm 6:138–143PubMedCrossRef
25.
Levine GN, Gomes AS, Arai AE et al (2007) Safety of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiovascular devices: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Committee on Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiac Catheterization, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the North American Society for Cardiac Imaging, and the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Circulation 116:2878–2891PubMedCrossRef
26.
Verma A, Ha AC, Dennie C et al (2014) Canadian Heart Rhythm Society and Canadian Association of Radiologists consensus statement on magnetic resonance imaging with cardiac implantable electronic devices. Can Assoc Radiol J 65:290–300PubMedCrossRef
27.
Rajiah P, Kay F, Bolen M et al (2020) Cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: challenges and solutions. J Thorac Imaging 35:W1–W17PubMedCrossRef
28.
Ainslie M, Miller C, Brown B, Schmitt M (2014) Cardiac MRI of patients with implanted electrical cardiac devices. Heart 100:363–369PubMedCrossRef
29.
Indik JH, Gimbel JR, Abe H et al (2017) 2017 HRS expert consensus statement on magnetic resonance imaging and radiation exposure in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Heart Rhythm 14:e97–e153PubMedCrossRef
30.
31.
El-Hawary R, Chukwunyerenwa C (2014) Update on evaluation and treatment of scoliosis. Pediatr Clin N Am 61:1223–1241CrossRef
32.
Poon S, Nixon R, Wendolowski S et al (2017) A pilot cadaveric study of temperature and adjacent tissue changes after exposure of magnetic-controlled growing rods to MRI. Eur Spine J 26:1618–1623CrossRefPubMed
33.
Eroglu M, Demirkiran G, Kocyigit IA et al (2017) Magnetic resonance imaging safety of magnetically controlled growing rods in an in vivo animal model. Spine 42:E504–E508PubMedCrossRef
34.
Edmonson HA, Carlson ML, Patton AC, Watson RE (2018) MR imaging and cochlear implants with retained internal magnets: reducing artifacts near highly inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Radiographics 38:94–106PubMedCrossRef
35.
36.
37.
38.
Gorgulu S, Ayyildiz S, Kamburoglu K et al (2014) Effect of orthodontic brackets and different wires on radiofrequency heating and magnetic field interactions during 3-T MRI. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 43:20130356PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
39.
40.
41.
Slesnick TC, Schreier J, Soriano BD et al (2016) Safety of magnetic resonance imaging after implantation of stainless steel embolization coils. Pediatr Cardiol 37:62–67PubMedCrossRef
42.
43.
44.
Mosher ZA, Sawyer JR, Kelly DM (2018) MRI safety with orthopedic implants. Orthop Clin North Am 49:455–463PubMedCrossRef
45.
46.
47.
Bandodkar AJ, Jia W, Yardimci C et al (2015) Tattoo-based noninvasive glucose monitoring: a proof-of-concept study. Anal Chem 87:394–398PubMedCrossRef
48.
Slonimsky E, Mamourian A (2019) Magnetic eyelashes: a new source of MRI artifacts. AJR Am J Roentgenol 213:983–985PubMedCrossRef
49.
50.
51.
Terry RJ (2014) Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for epilepsy. In: Holmes M (ed) Epilepsy topics. IntechOpen, Houston
52.
Bauer S, Baier H, Baumgartner C et al (2016) Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial (cMPsE02). Brain Stimul 9:356–363PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Magnetic resonance imaging in children with implants
Authors
Camilo Jaimes
Diane Biaggotti
Gayathri Sreedher
Apeksha Chaturvedi
Michael M. Moore
Amy R. Danehy
Publication date
01-05-2021
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Radiology / Issue 5/2021
Print ISSN: 0301-0449
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1998
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-021-04965-5

Other articles of this Issue 5/2021

Pediatric Radiology 5/2021 Go to the issue

Minisymposium: Pediatric MRI quality and safety

Establishing a magnetic resonance safety program

Original Article

Asymptomatic macrocephaly: to scan or not to scan

Original Article

Clinical concordance with Image Gently guidelines for pediatric computed tomography: a study across 663,417 CT scans at 53 clinical facilities

Commentary

The impact of per diem senior pediatric radiologists in an academic setting

Minisymposium: Pediatric MRI quality and safety

Safety challenges related to the use of sedation and general anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging examinations

Review

Deep medullary vein engorgement and superficial medullary vein engorgement: two patterns of perinatal venous stroke