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Sports Medicine
Published in: Sports Medicine 11/2003

01-09-2003 | Review Article

Lymphocyte Responses to Maximal Exercise

A Physiological Perspective

Author: Dr Henning Bay Nielsen

Published in: Sports Medicine | Issue 11/2003

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Abstract

Exercise affects lymphocytes as reflected in total blood counts and the lymphocyte proliferative response. In addition, the production of immunoglobulins is impaired and during exercise the natural killer cell activity increases followed by suppression in the recovery period. Cardiopulmonary adjustments play a major role in lymphocyte response to physical activity. During intense exercise, the activated sympathetic nervous system increases blood flow to muscle as blood flow to splanchnic organs decreases. After exercise, sympathetic tone and blood pressure becomes reduced. The spleen contains lymphocytes and blood resides in gut vessels. A change in blood flow to these organs could affect the number of circulating lymphocytes. Reduced production of immunoglobulins results from suppressed B-cell function and, in response to exercise, mucosal immunity appears to decrease. Pulmonary hyperventilation and enhanced pressure in pulmonary vessels induce increased permeability of airway epithelium and stress failure of the alveolar-capillary membrane during intense exercise. A physiological perspective is of importance for evaluation of the exercise-induced change in lymphocyte function and, in turn, to post-exercise increased susceptibility to infections.
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Metadata
Title
Lymphocyte Responses to Maximal Exercise
A Physiological Perspective
Author
Dr Henning Bay Nielsen
Publication date
01-09-2003
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Sports Medicine / Issue 11/2003
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Electronic ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333110-00005

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