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BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Lung Cancer | Research

Cytotoxic activity of essential oil from Leaves of Myrcia splendens against A549 Lung Cancer cells

Authors: Monalisa Martins Montalvão, Franciel Batista Felix, Edmilson William Propheta dos Santos, Jileno Ferreira Santos, Waldecy de Lucca Júnior, Atenilton Santos Farias, Adauto de Souza Ribeiro, Carlos Cavaleiro, Samísia Maria Fernandes Machado, Ricardo Scher, Cristiane Bani Corrêa

Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies | Issue 1/2023

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Abstract

Background

Plants of the Myrcia genus have been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases, including cancer. Myrcia splendens species has a diverse chemical constitution, but the biological activities of its essential oil have not been well investigated. In this study to out the chemistry characterization of essential oil (EO) from the leaves of the species M. splendens from Brazil and evaluate cytotoxic effect in A549 lung cancer cells.

Methods

M. splendens EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). EO was isolated and evaluated for cellular viability in tumor cell lines by MTT assay. The evaluation of the formation of clones and the migratory capacity of the A549 cells treated with EO was done by the clonogenic assay and the wound healing assay. Morphological changes were observed in A549 cells by fluorescence using Phalloidin/FITC and DAPI.

Results

22 compounds were identified in the chemical analysis of EO, corresponding to 88% of the sample. Major compounds were the sesquiterpenic hydrocarbons bicyclogermacrene (15.4%), germacrene D (8.9%) and E-caryophyllene (10.1%). The biological analysis of the EO showed high cytotoxic activity with an IC50 below 20 µg/ml in the THP-1, A549 and B16-F10 tumor cells. The treatment with EO reduced colony formation and inhibited the migratory capacity of A549 cells. Furthermore, apoptotic morphological changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm of A549 cells was observed after of treatment with EO.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that the M. splendens EO has cytotoxic compounds for the A549 lung cancer cells. Treatment with the EO decreased the colony formation and reduced the ability of lung cancer cells to migrate. Future studies may be used to isolate compounds from the EO for the study of lung cancer.
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Metadata
Title
Cytotoxic activity of essential oil from Leaves of Myrcia splendens against A549 Lung Cancer cells
Authors
Monalisa Martins Montalvão
Franciel Batista Felix
Edmilson William Propheta dos Santos
Jileno Ferreira Santos
Waldecy de Lucca Júnior
Atenilton Santos Farias
Adauto de Souza Ribeiro
Carlos Cavaleiro
Samísia Maria Fernandes Machado
Ricardo Scher
Cristiane Bani Corrêa
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 2662-7671
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-03969-y

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