Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies 1/2014

01-03-2014 | Original Paper

Low Self-Control and Co-occurrence of Gambling with Substance Use and Delinquency Among Chinese Adolescents

Author: Nicole W. T. Cheung

Published in: Journal of Gambling Studies | Issue 1/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Relatively little is known about gambling co-morbidity in Asian youth populations. The role of trait self-control in co-morbidity also remains under-explored in the gambling literature. This study examined the association between gambling, substance use and delinquency among Chinese adolescents, and the extent to which these forms of risk behavior are commonly predicted by low self-control. Data from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of a stratified, random sample of 4,734 high school students aged 12–23 years in Hong Kong were analyzed. The prevalence of gambling pathology, frequency and attitudes showed statistically significant, positive and consistent relationships with tobacco use, alcohol use, and delinquent acts at the p < .001 level. Further analyses revealed that low self-control significantly (p < .001) predicts at-risk/probable pathological gambling, frequent gambling, strong permissiveness toward gambling, heavy use of tobacco and alcohol, and delinquent involvement, even after controlling for the potential shared correlates of socioeconomic characteristics, parental monitoring and peer delinquency. Hence, the concept that gambling problems and strong receptivity to gambling are likely to be part of a general problem behavior syndrome is evinced cross-culturally among young people in a Chinese context. It may also be cost-effective to increase intervention efforts to improve the self-control deficit in adolescents, as this should reduce their gambling and concurrent problem behavior.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
go back to reference Agnew, R., Scheuerman, H., Grosholz, J., Isom, D., Watson, L., & Thaxton, S. (2011). Does victimization reduce self-control? A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(2), 169–174.CrossRef Agnew, R., Scheuerman, H., Grosholz, J., Isom, D., Watson, L., & Thaxton, S. (2011). Does victimization reduce self-control? A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(2), 169–174.CrossRef
go back to reference Arneklev, B. J., Grasmick, H. G., Tittle, C. R., & Bursik, R. J., Jr. (1993). Low self-control and imprudent behavior. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 9(3), 225–247.CrossRef Arneklev, B. J., Grasmick, H. G., Tittle, C. R., & Bursik, R. J., Jr. (1993). Low self-control and imprudent behavior. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 9(3), 225–247.CrossRef
go back to reference Barnes, G. M., Welte, J. W., Hoffman, J. H., & Dintcheff, B. A. (1999). Gambling and alcohol use among youth: Influences of demographic, socialization, and individual factors. Addictive Behaviors, 24(6), 749–767.PubMedCrossRef Barnes, G. M., Welte, J. W., Hoffman, J. H., & Dintcheff, B. A. (1999). Gambling and alcohol use among youth: Influences of demographic, socialization, and individual factors. Addictive Behaviors, 24(6), 749–767.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Barnes, G. M., Welte, J. W., Hoffman, J. H., & Dintcheff, B. A. (2005). Shared predictors of youthful gambling, substance use, and delinquency. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 19(2), 165–174.PubMedCrossRef Barnes, G. M., Welte, J. W., Hoffman, J. H., & Dintcheff, B. A. (2005). Shared predictors of youthful gambling, substance use, and delinquency. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 19(2), 165–174.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Barnes, G. M., Welte, J. W., Hoffman, J. H., & Tidwell, M. O. (2011). The co-occurrence of gambling with substance use and conduct disorder among youth in the United States. American Journal on Addictions, 20(2), 166–173.PubMedCentralPubMed Barnes, G. M., Welte, J. W., Hoffman, J. H., & Tidwell, M. O. (2011). The co-occurrence of gambling with substance use and conduct disorder among youth in the United States. American Journal on Addictions, 20(2), 166–173.PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Bergen, A. E., Newby-Clark, I. R., & Brown, A. (2011). Low trait self-control in problem gamblers: Evidence from self-report and behavioral measures. Journal of Gambling Studies,. doi:10.1007/s10899-011-9274-9. Bergen, A. E., Newby-Clark, I. R., & Brown, A. (2011). Low trait self-control in problem gamblers: Evidence from self-report and behavioral measures. Journal of Gambling Studies,. doi:10.​1007/​s10899-011-9274-9.
go back to reference Chow, E. N. L., & Zhao, S. M. (1996). The one-child policy and parent-child relationships: A comparison of one-child with multiple-child families in China. The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 16(12), 35–62.CrossRef Chow, E. N. L., & Zhao, S. M. (1996). The one-child policy and parent-child relationships: A comparison of one-child with multiple-child families in China. The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 16(12), 35–62.CrossRef
go back to reference Delfabbro, P., & Thrupp, L. (2003). The social determinants of youth gambling in South Australian adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 26(3), 313–330.PubMedCrossRef Delfabbro, P., & Thrupp, L. (2003). The social determinants of youth gambling in South Australian adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 26(3), 313–330.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Delisi, M., Hochstetler, A., & Murphy, D. S. (2003). Self-control behind bars: A validation study of the Grasmick et al. scale. Justice Quarterly, 20(2), 241–263.CrossRef Delisi, M., Hochstetler, A., & Murphy, D. S. (2003). Self-control behind bars: A validation study of the Grasmick et al. scale. Justice Quarterly, 20(2), 241–263.CrossRef
go back to reference Duhig, A. M., Maciejewski, P. K., Desai, R. A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., & Potenza, M. N. (2007). Characteristics of adolescent past-year gamblers and non-gamblers in relation to alcohol drinking. Addictive Behaviors, 32(1), 80–89.PubMedCrossRef Duhig, A. M., Maciejewski, P. K., Desai, R. A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., & Potenza, M. N. (2007). Characteristics of adolescent past-year gamblers and non-gamblers in relation to alcohol drinking. Addictive Behaviors, 32(1), 80–89.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ellenbogen, S., Derevensky, J., & Gupta, R. (2007). Gender differences among adolescents with gambling-related problems. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23(2), 133–143.PubMedCrossRef Ellenbogen, S., Derevensky, J., & Gupta, R. (2007). Gender differences among adolescents with gambling-related problems. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23(2), 133–143.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fisher, S. (2000). Developing the DSM-IV-DSM-IV criteria to identify adolescent problem gambling in non-clinical populations. Journal of Gambling Studies, 16(2/3), 253–273.PubMedCrossRef Fisher, S. (2000). Developing the DSM-IV-DSM-IV criteria to identify adolescent problem gambling in non-clinical populations. Journal of Gambling Studies, 16(2/3), 253–273.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fong, V. L. (2007). Parent-child communication problems and the perceived inadequacies of Chinese only children. Ethos, 35(1), 85–127.CrossRef Fong, V. L. (2007). Parent-child communication problems and the perceived inadequacies of Chinese only children. Ethos, 35(1), 85–127.CrossRef
go back to reference Gibson, C., Schreck, C. J., & Miller, J. M. (2004). Binge drinking and negative alcohol-related behavior: A test of self-control theory. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(5), 411–420.CrossRef Gibson, C., Schreck, C. J., & Miller, J. M. (2004). Binge drinking and negative alcohol-related behavior: A test of self-control theory. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(5), 411–420.CrossRef
go back to reference Goode, E. (2008). Out of control: Assessing the general theory of crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Goode, E. (2008). Out of control: Assessing the general theory of crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
go back to reference Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
go back to reference Grasmick, H. G., Tittle, C. R., Bursik, R. J., & Arneklev, B. J. (1993). Testing the core empirical implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30(1), 5–29.CrossRef Grasmick, H. G., Tittle, C. R., Bursik, R. J., & Arneklev, B. J. (1993). Testing the core empirical implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30(1), 5–29.CrossRef
go back to reference Griffiths, M., & Sutherland, I. (1998). Adolescent gambling and drug use. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 8(6), 423–427.CrossRef Griffiths, M., & Sutherland, I. (1998). Adolescent gambling and drug use. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 8(6), 423–427.CrossRef
go back to reference Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. L. (1998). Adolescent gambling behavior: A prevalence study and examination of the correlates associated with excessive gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 14(4), 319–345.PubMedCrossRef Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. L. (1998). Adolescent gambling behavior: A prevalence study and examination of the correlates associated with excessive gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 14(4), 319–345.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hamel, A., Derevensky, J., Takane, Y., Dickson, L., & Gupta, R. (2007). Adolescent gambling and coping within a generalized high-risk behavior framework. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23(4), 377–393.PubMedCrossRef Hamel, A., Derevensky, J., Takane, Y., Dickson, L., & Gupta, R. (2007). Adolescent gambling and coping within a generalized high-risk behavior framework. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23(4), 377–393.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hardoon, K. K., Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. L. (2004). Psychosocial variables associated with adolescent gambling. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18(2), 170–179.PubMedCrossRef Hardoon, K. K., Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. L. (2004). Psychosocial variables associated with adolescent gambling. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18(2), 170–179.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hay, C., & Forrest, W. (2006). The development of self-control: Examining self-control theory’s stability thesis. Criminology, 44(4), 739–774.CrossRef Hay, C., & Forrest, W. (2006). The development of self-control: Examining self-control theory’s stability thesis. Criminology, 44(4), 739–774.CrossRef
go back to reference Hope, T. L., & Chapple, C. (2004). Maternal characteristics, parenting, and adolescent sexual behavior: The role of self-control. Deviant Behavior, 26(1), 25–45.CrossRef Hope, T. L., & Chapple, C. (2004). Maternal characteristics, parenting, and adolescent sexual behavior: The role of self-control. Deviant Behavior, 26(1), 25–45.CrossRef
go back to reference Jessor, R., & Jessor, S. L. (1977). Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth. New York: Academic Press. Jessor, R., & Jessor, S. L. (1977). Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth. New York: Academic Press.
go back to reference Kassinove, J. I., Doyle, K. A., & Milburn, N. G. (2000). Gambling and alcohol use in adolescence. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15(1), 51–66. Kassinove, J. I., Doyle, K. A., & Milburn, N. G. (2000). Gambling and alcohol use in adolescence. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15(1), 51–66.
go back to reference King, G., Honaker, J., Joseph, A., & Scheve, K. (2001). Analyzing incomplete political science data: An alternative algorithm for multiple imputation. American Political Science Review, 95(1), 49–69. King, G., Honaker, J., Joseph, A., & Scheve, K. (2001). Analyzing incomplete political science data: An alternative algorithm for multiple imputation. American Political Science Review, 95(1), 49–69.
go back to reference Ladouceur, R., Boudreault, N., Jacques, C., & Vitaro, F. (1999). Pathological gambling and related problems among adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 8(4), 55–68.CrossRef Ladouceur, R., Boudreault, N., Jacques, C., & Vitaro, F. (1999). Pathological gambling and related problems among adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 8(4), 55–68.CrossRef
go back to reference Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Rohode, P., Seeley, J. R., & Rohling, M. L. (2004). Individual, family, and peer correlates of adolescent gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20(1), 23–46.PubMedCrossRef Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Rohode, P., Seeley, J. R., & Rohling, M. L. (2004). Individual, family, and peer correlates of adolescent gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20(1), 23–46.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Loo, J. M. Y., Raylu, N., & Oei, T. (2008). Gambling among the Chinese: A comprehensive review. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(7), 1152–1166.PubMedCrossRef Loo, J. M. Y., Raylu, N., & Oei, T. (2008). Gambling among the Chinese: A comprehensive review. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(7), 1152–1166.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mishra, S., Lalumiere, M. L., & Williams, R. J. (2010). Gambling as a form of risk taking: Individual differences in personality, risk-accepting attitudes, and behavioral preferences for risk. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 616–621.CrossRef Mishra, S., Lalumiere, M. L., & Williams, R. J. (2010). Gambling as a form of risk taking: Individual differences in personality, risk-accepting attitudes, and behavioral preferences for risk. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 616–621.CrossRef
go back to reference Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D., Dickson, N., Hancox, R. J., Harrington, H. L., et al. (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. PNAS, 108(7), 2693–2698.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D., Dickson, N., Hancox, R. J., Harrington, H. L., et al. (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. PNAS, 108(7), 2693–2698.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Moore, R. L. (2005). Generation ku: Individualism and China’s millennial youth. Ethnology, 44(4), 357–376.CrossRef Moore, R. L. (2005). Generation ku: Individualism and China’s millennial youth. Ethnology, 44(4), 357–376.CrossRef
go back to reference Muraven, M., Pogarsky, G., & Shmueli, D. (2006). Self-control depletion and the general theory of crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 22(3), 263–277.CrossRef Muraven, M., Pogarsky, G., & Shmueli, D. (2006). Self-control depletion and the general theory of crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 22(3), 263–277.CrossRef
go back to reference Oei, T., & Raylu, N. (2009). The relationship between cultural variables and gambling behavior among Chinese residing in Australia. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25(4), 433–445.PubMedCrossRef Oei, T., & Raylu, N. (2009). The relationship between cultural variables and gambling behavior among Chinese residing in Australia. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25(4), 433–445.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Paternoster, R., & Brame, R. (2000). On the association among self-control, crime, and analogous behaviors. Criminology, 38(3), 971–982.CrossRef Paternoster, R., & Brame, R. (2000). On the association among self-control, crime, and analogous behaviors. Criminology, 38(3), 971–982.CrossRef
go back to reference Pratt, T. C., & Cullen, F. T. (2000). The empirical status of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime: A meta-analysis. Criminology, 38(3), 931–964.CrossRef Pratt, T. C., & Cullen, F. T. (2000). The empirical status of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime: A meta-analysis. Criminology, 38(3), 931–964.CrossRef
go back to reference Raylu, N., & Oei, T. (2004). Role of culture in gambling and problem gambling. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(8), 1087–1114.PubMedCrossRef Raylu, N., & Oei, T. (2004). Role of culture in gambling and problem gambling. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(8), 1087–1114.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rebellon, C. J., Straus, M. A., & Medeiros, R. (2008). Self-control in global perspective: An empirical assessment of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory within and across 32 national settings. European Journal of Criminology, 5(3), 331–362.CrossRef Rebellon, C. J., Straus, M. A., & Medeiros, R. (2008). Self-control in global perspective: An empirical assessment of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory within and across 32 national settings. European Journal of Criminology, 5(3), 331–362.CrossRef
go back to reference Schreck, C. J., Stewart, E. A., & Fisher, B. S. (2006). Self-control, victimization, and their influence on risky lifestyles: A longitudinal analysis using panel data. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 22(4), 319–340.CrossRef Schreck, C. J., Stewart, E. A., & Fisher, B. S. (2006). Self-control, victimization, and their influence on risky lifestyles: A longitudinal analysis using panel data. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 22(4), 319–340.CrossRef
go back to reference Ste-Marie, C., Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. L. (2006). Anxiety and social stress related to adolescent gambling and substance use. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 15(4), 55–74.CrossRef Ste-Marie, C., Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. L. (2006). Anxiety and social stress related to adolescent gambling and substance use. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 15(4), 55–74.CrossRef
go back to reference Tang, C. S. K., & Wu, A. M. S. (2010). Direct and indirect influences of fate control belief, gambling expectancy bias, and self-efficacy on problem gambling and negative mood among Chinese college students: A multiple mediation analysis. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26(4), 533–543.PubMedCrossRef Tang, C. S. K., & Wu, A. M. S. (2010). Direct and indirect influences of fate control belief, gambling expectancy bias, and self-efficacy on problem gambling and negative mood among Chinese college students: A multiple mediation analysis. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26(4), 533–543.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tang, C. S. K., & Wu, A. M. S. (2012). Gambling-related cognitive biases and pathological gambling among youths, young adults, and mature adults in Chinese societies. Journal of Gambling Studies, 28(1), 139–154.PubMedCrossRef Tang, C. S. K., & Wu, A. M. S. (2012). Gambling-related cognitive biases and pathological gambling among youths, young adults, and mature adults in Chinese societies. Journal of Gambling Studies, 28(1), 139–154.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Teasdale, B., & Silver, E. (2009). Neighborhoods and self-control: Toward an expanded view of socialization. Social Problems, 56(1), 205–222.CrossRef Teasdale, B., & Silver, E. (2009). Neighborhoods and self-control: Toward an expanded view of socialization. Social Problems, 56(1), 205–222.CrossRef
go back to reference Tittle, C. R., Ward, D. A., & Grasmick, H. G. (2003). Self-control and crime/deviance: Cognitive vs. behavioral measures. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19(4), 333–365.CrossRef Tittle, C. R., Ward, D. A., & Grasmick, H. G. (2003). Self-control and crime/deviance: Cognitive vs. behavioral measures. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19(4), 333–365.CrossRef
go back to reference Tittle, C. R., Ward, D. A., & Grasmick, H. G. (2004). Capacity for self-control and individuals’ interest in exercising self-control. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 20(2), 143–172.CrossRef Tittle, C. R., Ward, D. A., & Grasmick, H. G. (2004). Capacity for self-control and individuals’ interest in exercising self-control. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 20(2), 143–172.CrossRef
go back to reference Turner, M. G., Piquero, A. R., & Pratt, T. C. (2005). The school context as a source of self-control. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33(4), 327–339.CrossRef Turner, M. G., Piquero, A. R., & Pratt, T. C. (2005). The school context as a source of self-control. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33(4), 327–339.CrossRef
go back to reference Vazonsyi, A. T., & Belliston, L. M. (2007). The family, low self-control, deviance: A cross-cultural and cross-national test of self-control theory. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(4), 505–530.CrossRef Vazonsyi, A. T., & Belliston, L. M. (2007). The family, low self-control, deviance: A cross-cultural and cross-national test of self-control theory. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(4), 505–530.CrossRef
go back to reference Vazsonyi, A. T., & Huang, L. (2010). Where self-control comes from: On the development of self-control and its relationship to deviance over time. Developmental Psychology, 46(1), 245–257.PubMedCrossRef Vazsonyi, A. T., & Huang, L. (2010). Where self-control comes from: On the development of self-control and its relationship to deviance over time. Developmental Psychology, 46(1), 245–257.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Vazsonyi, A. T., Pickering, L. E., Junger, M., & Hessing, D. (2001). An empirical test of a general theory of crime: A four-nation comparative study of self-control and the prediction of deviance. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38(2), 91–131.CrossRef Vazsonyi, A. T., Pickering, L. E., Junger, M., & Hessing, D. (2001). An empirical test of a general theory of crime: A four-nation comparative study of self-control and the prediction of deviance. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38(2), 91–131.CrossRef
go back to reference Vazsonyi, A. T., Wittekind, J. E. C., Belliston, L. M., & Van Loh, T. D. (2004). Extending the general theory of crime to “The East”: Low self-control in Japanese late adolescents. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 20(3), 189–216.CrossRef Vazsonyi, A. T., Wittekind, J. E. C., Belliston, L. M., & Van Loh, T. D. (2004). Extending the general theory of crime to “The East”: Low self-control in Japanese late adolescents. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 20(3), 189–216.CrossRef
go back to reference Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., Ladouceur, R., & Tremblay, R. E. (2001). Gambling, delinquency, and drug use: Mutual influences and common risk factors. Journal of Gambling Studies, 17(3), 171–190.PubMedCrossRef Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., Ladouceur, R., & Tremblay, R. E. (2001). Gambling, delinquency, and drug use: Mutual influences and common risk factors. Journal of Gambling Studies, 17(3), 171–190.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., & Hoffman, J. H. (2004). Gambling, substance use, and other problem behaviors among youth: A test of general deviance models. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(4), 297–306.CrossRef Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., & Hoffman, J. H. (2004). Gambling, substance use, and other problem behaviors among youth: A test of general deviance models. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(4), 297–306.CrossRef
go back to reference Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., Tidwell, M. O., & Hoffman, J. H. (2009). Association between problem gambling and conduct disorder in a national survey of adolescents and young adults in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(4), 396–401.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., Tidwell, M. O., & Hoffman, J. H. (2009). Association between problem gambling and conduct disorder in a national survey of adolescents and young adults in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(4), 396–401.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Winfree, L. T., Jr, Taylor, T. J., He, N., & Esbensen, F. A. (2006). Self-control and variability over time: Multivariate results using a 5-year, multisite panel of youths. Crime and Delinquency, 52(2), 253–286.CrossRef Winfree, L. T., Jr, Taylor, T. J., He, N., & Esbensen, F. A. (2006). Self-control and variability over time: Multivariate results using a 5-year, multisite panel of youths. Crime and Delinquency, 52(2), 253–286.CrossRef
go back to reference Winters, K. C., & Anderson, N. (2000). Gambling involvement and drug use among adolescents. Journal of Gambling Studies, 16(2/3), 175–198.PubMedCrossRef Winters, K. C., & Anderson, N. (2000). Gambling involvement and drug use among adolescents. Journal of Gambling Studies, 16(2/3), 175–198.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wong, I. L. K., & So, E. M. T. (2003). Prevalence estimates of problem and pathological gambling in Hong Kong. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(7), 1353–1354.PubMedCrossRef Wong, I. L. K., & So, E. M. T. (2003). Prevalence estimates of problem and pathological gambling in Hong Kong. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(7), 1353–1354.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wright, J., & Beaver, K. (2005). Do parents matter in creating self-control in their children? A genetically informed test of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s theory of low self-control. Criminology, 43(4), 1169–1202.CrossRef Wright, J., & Beaver, K. (2005). Do parents matter in creating self-control in their children? A genetically informed test of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s theory of low self-control. Criminology, 43(4), 1169–1202.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Low Self-Control and Co-occurrence of Gambling with Substance Use and Delinquency Among Chinese Adolescents
Author
Nicole W. T. Cheung
Publication date
01-03-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Gambling Studies / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3602
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-012-9351-8

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

Journal of Gambling Studies 1/2014 Go to the issue