Low-level laser reduces the production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10 induced by OVA

Delayed, or type IV, hypersensitivity reactions are a useful model to study the effects of new substances on the immune system. In this study, the experimental model of the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to ovalbumin (OVA) was used to evaluate the immunomodulating effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), which is used as an adjuvant therapy in medicine, dentistry, and physical therapy because of its potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects observed in several studies. The effects of LLLT (λ 780 nm, 0.06 W/cm² of radiation, and fluency of 3.8 J/cm²) in reaction to ovalbumin in Balb/C mice were examined after the induction phase of the hypersensitivity reaction. The animals treated with azathioprine (AZA), the animals that received a vehicle instead of ovalbumin, and those not immunized served as controls (n = 6 for each group). Footpad thickness measurements and hematoxylin–eosin histopathological exams were performed. Proliferation tests were also performed (spontaneous, in the presence of concanavalin A and ovalbumin) to determine the production in mononuclear cells cultures of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), INF-γ, and IL-10. In the group of animals irradiated with lasers and in the group treated with AZA, footpad thickness measurements were significantly reduced in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). This reduction was accompanied by a very significant reduction in the density of the inflammatory infiltrate and by a significant reduction in the levels of TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-10. LLLT radiation was shown to have an immunomodulating effect on DTH to OVA in Balb/C mice.