Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Research article

Low dose of continuous – wave microwave irradiation did not cause temperature increase in muscles tissue adjacent to titanium alloy implants – an animal study

Authors: Dongmei Ye, Yiming Xu, Tengfei Fu, Han Zhang, Xianxuan Feng, Gang Wang, Lan Jiang, Yuehong Bai

Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Issue 1/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Research studies on the influence of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on implants in vitro have failed to investigate temperature changes in the tissues adjacent to the implants under microwave therapy. We therefore, used a rabbit model in an effort to determine the impact of microwave therapy on temperature changes in tissues adjacent to the titanium alloy implants and the safety profile thereof.

Methods

Titanium alloy internal fixation plates were implanted in New Zealand rabbits in the middle of femur. Microwave therapy was performed by a 2450 MHz microwave generator 3 days after the surgery. Temperature changes of muscles adjacent to the implants were recorded under exposure to dose-gradient microwave radiation from 20w to 60w.

Results

Significant difference between control and microwave treatment group at peak temperatures (Tpeak) and temperature gap (Tgap= Tpeak-Tvally) were observed in deep muscles (Tpeak, 41.63 ± 0.21°C vs. 44.40 ± 0.17°C, P < 0.01; Tgap, 5.33 ± 0.21°C vs. 8.10 ± 0.36°C, P < 0.01) and superficial muscles (Tpeak, 41.53 ± 0.15°C vs. 42.03 ± 0.23°C, P = 0.04; Tgap, 5.23 ± 0.21°C vs. 5.80 ± 0.17°C, P = 0.013) under 60 w, and deep muscles (Tpeak, 40.93 ± 0.25°C vs. 41.87 ± 0.23°C, P = 0.01; Tgap, 4.73 ± 0.20°C vs. 5.63 ± 0.35°C, P = 0.037) under 50w, but not under 20, 30 and 40w.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that low-dose (20w-40w) continuous-wave microwave irradiation delivered by a 2450 MHz microwave generator might be a promising treatment for patients with titanium alloy internal fixation, as it did not raise temperature in muscle tissues adjacent to the titanium alloy implant.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Dewhirst MW, Viglianti BL, Lora-Michiels M, Hanson M, Hoopes PJ: Basic principles of thermal dosimetry and thermal thresholds for tissue damage from hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia. 2003, 19: 267-294. 10.1080/0265673031000119006.CrossRefPubMed
2.
3.
Sekins KM, Lehmann JF, Esselman P, Dundore D, Emery AF, deLateur BJ, Nelp WB: Local muscle blood flow and temperature responses to 915 MHz diathermy as simultaneously measured and numerically predicted. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1984, 65: 1-7.PubMed
4.
Yatvin MB: The influence of membrane lipid composition and procaine on hyperthermic death of cells. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1977, 32: 513-521. 10.1080/09553007714551301.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Lehmann JF, Guy AW, Stonebridge JB, Warren CG, DeLateur BJ: Temperature distribution produced in models by three microwave applicators at 433.92 megahertz. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1975, 56: 145-151.PubMed
6.
DeLateur BJ, Stonebridge JB, Lehmann JF: Fibrous muscular contractures: treatment with a new direct contact microwave applicator operating at 915 MHz. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1978, 59: 488-499.PubMed
7.
Giombini A, Giovannini V, Di Cesare A, Pacetti P, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Shiraishi M, Naito H, Maffulli N: Hyperthermia induced by microwave diathermy in the management of muscle and tendon injuries. Br Med Bull. 2007, 83: 379-396. 10.1093/bmb/ldm020.CrossRefPubMed
8.
9.
Chang WH, Sun JS, Chang SP, Lin JC: Study of thermal effects of ultrasound stimulation on fracture healing. Bioelectromagnetics. 2002, 23: 256-263. 10.1002/bem.10009.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Leon S, Asbell S, Arastu H, Edelstein G, Packel A, Sheehan S, Daskai I, Guttmann G, Santos I: Effects of hyperthermia on bone. II. Heating of bone in vivo and stimulation of bone growth. Int J Hyperthermia. 1993, 9: 77-87. 10.3109/02656739309061480.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Leon S, Asbell S, Edelstein G, Arastu H, Daskal I, Sheehan S, Plunkett D, Guttmann G, Packel A, Leon O: Effects of hyperthermia on bone. I. Heating rate patterns induced by microwave irradiation in bone and muscle phantoms. Int J Hyperthermia. 1993, 9: 69-75. 10.3109/02656739309061479.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Lubner MG, Brace CL, Hinshaw JL, Lee FT: Microwave tumor ablation: mechanism of action, clinical results, and devices. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2010, 21: S192-S203. 10.1016/j.jvir.2010.04.007.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Pope G, Mockett S, Wright J: A survey of electrotherapeutic modalities: ownership and use in the NHS in England. Physiotherapy. 1995, 81: 82-91. 10.1016/S0031-9406(05)67050-2.CrossRef
14.
Rabini A, Piazzini DB, Tancredi G, Foti C, Milano G, Ronconi G, Specchia A, Ferrara PE, Maggi L, Amabile E, et al: Deep heating therapy via microwave diathermy relieves pain and improves physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2012, 48: 549-559.PubMed
15.
Giombini A, Di Cesare A, Safran MR, Ciatti R, Maffulli N: Short-term effectiveness of hyperthermia for supraspinatus tendinopathy in athletes a short-term randomized controlled study. Am J Sports Med. 2006, 34: 1247-1253. 10.1177/0363546506287827.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Giombini A, Casciello G, Di Cesare M, Di Cesare A, Dragoni S, Sorrenti D: A controlled study on the effects of hyperthermia at 434 MHz and conventional ultrasound upon muscle injuries in sport. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2001, 41: 521-527.PubMed
17.
Lehmann JF, DeLateur BJ, Stonebridge JB: Selective muscle heating by shortwave diathermy with a helical coil. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1969, 50: 117-123.PubMed
18.
Schwan HP, PIERSOL GM: The absorption of electromagnetic energy in body tissues. A review and critical analysis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1954, 33: 371-404.
19.
Sekins KM, Dundore D, Emery AF, Lehmann JF, McGrath PW, Nelp WB: Muscle blood flow changes in response to 915 MHz diathermy with surface cooling as measured by Xe133 clearance. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1980, 61: 105-113.PubMed
20.
Lehmann JF, DeLateur BJ, Stonebridge JB: Heating patterns produced in humans by 433.92 MHz round field applicator and 915 MHz contact applicator. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1975, 56: 442-448.PubMed
21.
Lehmann J, Dundore D, Esselman P, Nelp W: Microwave diathermy: effects on experimental muscle hematoma resolution. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1983, 64: 127-PubMed
22.
Guy AW, Lehmann J, Stonebridge J, Sorensen C: Development of a 915-MHz direct-contact applicator for therapeutic heating of tissues. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on. 1978, 26: 550-556. 10.1109/TMTT.1978.1129437.CrossRef
23.
Kitchen SS, Partridge CJ: A review of microwave diathermy. Physiotherapy. 1991, 77: 647-652. 10.1016/S0031-9406(10)60401-4.CrossRef
24.
Grant EH: Biological effects of microwaves and radio waves. IEE Proceedings A Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education - Reviews. 1981, 128: 602-10.1049/ip-a-1.1981.0091.CrossRef
25.
Shields N, Gormley J, O'Hare N: Short-wave diathermy: current clinical and safety practices. Physiother Res Int. 2002, 7: 191-202. 10.1002/pri.259.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Guy AW: Dosimetry associated with exposure to non-ionizing radiation: very low frequency to microwaves. Health Phys. 1987, 53: 569-584. 10.1097/00004032-198712000-00001.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Ruggera PS, Witters DM, Altzahn GVM, Bassen HI: In vitro assessment of tissue heating near metallic medical implants by exposure to pulsed radio frequency diathermy. Phys Med Biol. 2003, 48: 2919-10.1088/0031-9155/48/17/312.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Virtanen H, Keshvari J, Lappalainen R: The effect of authentic metallic implants on the SAR distribution of the head exposed to 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz dipole near field. Phys Med Biol. 2007, 52: 1221-1236. 10.1088/0031-9155/52/5/001.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Cooper J, Hombach V: Increase in specific absorption rate in human heads arising from implantations. Electron Lett. 1996, 32: 2217-2219. 10.1049/el:19961507.CrossRef
30.
Yue Z, Zhou J, Wang X, Gui Z, Li L: Preparation and magnetic properties of titanium-substituted LiZn ferrites via a sol–gel auto-combustion process. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2003, 23: 189-193. 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00082-1.CrossRef
31.
Lee MJ, Kim S, Lee SA, Song HT, Huh YM, Kim DH, Han SH, Suh JS: Overcoming artifacts from metallic ortho-pedic implants at high-field-strength MR imaging and multi-detector CT. RadioGraphics. 2007, 27: 791-803. 10.1148/rg.273065087.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Paulus JA, Richardson JS, Tucker RD, Park JB: Evaluation of inductively heated ferromagnetic alloy implants for therapeutic interstitial hyperthermia. Biomed Eng. 1996, 43: 406-413.
33.
Muranaka H, Horiguchi T, Ueda Y, Tanki N: Evaluation of RF heating due to various implants during MR procedures. Magn Reson Med Sci. 2011, 10: 11-19. 10.2463/mrms.10.11.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Seiger C, Draper DO: Use of pulsed shortwave diathermy and joint mobilization to increase ankle range of motion in the presence of surgical implanted metal: a case series. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006, 36: 669-677. 10.2519/jospt.2006.2198.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Draper DO, Castel JC, Castel D: Low-watt pulsed shortwave diathermy and metal-plate fixation of the elbow. Athl Ther Today. 2004, 9: 28-32.
36.
Goldstein L, Dewhirst M, Repacholi M, Kheifets L: Summary, conclusions and recommendations: adverse temperature levels in the human body. Int J Hyperthermia. 2003, 19: 373-384. 10.1080/0265673031000090701.CrossRefPubMed
37.
McIntosh RL, Anderson V, McKenzie RJ: A numerical evaluation of SAR distribution and temperature changes around a metallic plate in the head of a RF exposed worker. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005, 26: 377-388. 10.1002/bem.20112.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Virtanen H, Huttunen J, Toropainen A, Lappalainen R: Interaction of mobile phones with superficial passive metallic implants. Phys Med Biol. 2005, 50: 2689-2700. 10.1088/0031-9155/50/11/017.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Muranaka H, Horiguchi T, Ueda Y, Usui S, Tanki N, Nakamura O: Evaluation of RF heating on hip joint implant in phantom during MRI examinations. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai zasshi. 2010, 66: 725-733. 10.6009/jjrt.66.725.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Campbell R, Campbell D: Imaging the post-operative wrist and hand. Imaging of the Hand and Wrist. 2013, Springer, 365-386.CrossRef
41.
Ye D, Xu Y, Zhang H, Fu T, Jiang L, Bai Y: Effects of Low-dose microwave on healing of fractures with titanium alloy internal fixation: an experimental study in a rabbit model. PloS One. 2013, 8: e75756-10.1371/journal.pone.0075756.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Skonieczki BD, Wells C, Wasser EJ, Dupuy DE: Radiofrequency and microwave tumor ablation in patients with implanted cardiac devices: is it safe?. Eur J Radiol. 2011, 79: 343-346. 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.04.004.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Geczi G, Horvath M, Kaszab T, Alemany GG: No major differences found between the effects of microwave-based and conventional heat treatment methods on two different liquid foods. PloS One. 2013, 8: e53720-10.1371/journal.pone.0053720.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Akyol Y, Ulus Y, Durmus D, Canturk F, Bilgici A, Kuru O, Bek Y: Effectiveness of microwave diathermy on pain, functional capacity, muscle strength, quality of life, and depression in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical study. Rheumatol Int. 2012, 32: 3007-3016. 10.1007/s00296-011-2097-2.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Harris ED, McCroskery PA: The influence of temperature and fibril stability on degradation of cartilage collagen by rheumatoid synovial collagenase. N Engl J Med. 1974, 290: 1-6. 10.1056/NEJM197401032900101.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Yarmolenko PS, Moon EJ, Landon C, Manzoor A, Hochman DW, Viglianti BL, Dewhirst MW: Thresholds for thermal damage to normal tissues: an update. Int J Hyperthermia. 2011, 27: 320-343. 10.3109/02656736.2010.534527.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Guy AW, Lehmann JF, Stonebridge JB: Therapeutic applications of electromagnetic power. Proceedings Of The IEEE. 1974, 62: 55-75.CrossRef
48.
Sekins K, Emery A, Lehmann J, MacDougall J: Determination of perfusion field during local hyperthermia with the aid of finite element thermal models. J Biomech Eng. 1982, 104: 272-10.1115/1.3138359.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Meshorer A, Prionas SD, Fajardo LF, Meyer JL, Hahn GM, Martinez AA: The effects of hyperthermia on normal mesenchymal tissues. Application of a histologic grading system. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1983, 107: 328-334.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Low dose of continuous – wave microwave irradiation did not cause temperature increase in muscles tissue adjacent to titanium alloy implants – an animal study
Authors
Dongmei Ye
Yiming Xu
Tengfei Fu
Han Zhang
Xianxuan Feng
Gang Wang
Lan Jiang
Yuehong Bai
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-14-364

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2013 Go to the issue

Research article

Lower circulating preptin levels in male patients with osteoporosis are correlated with bone mineral density and bone formation

Research article

Low dynamic muscle strength and its associations with fatigue, functional performance, and quality of life in premenopausal patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and low disease activity: a case–control study

Research article

Development of a new pre-vascularized tissue-engineered construct using pre-differentiated rADSCs, arteriovenous vascular bundle and porous nano-hydroxyapatide-polyamide 66 scaffold

Research article

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism and mortality in orthopaedic surgery – an observational study of 45 968 consecutive procedures

Research article

Bilateral apical vertebral derotation technique by vertebral column manipulation compared with vertebral coplanar alignment technique in the correction of lenke type 1 idiopathic scoliosis

Research article

Does PRP enhance bone integration with grafts, graft substitutes, or implants? A systematic review