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Sports Medicine
Published in: Sports Medicine 12/2004

01-10-2004 | Review Article

Effects of Aging on Muscle Fibre Type and Size

Author: Dr Michael R. Deschenes

Published in: Sports Medicine | Issue 12/2004

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Abstract

Aging has been associated with a loss of muscle mass that is referred to as ‘sarcopenia’. This decrease in muscle tissue begins around the age of 50 years, but becomes more dramatic beyond the 60th year of life. Loss of muscle mass among the aged directly results in diminished muscle function. Decreased strength and power contribute to the high incidence of accidental falls observed among the elderly and can compromise quality of life. Moreover, sarcopenia has been linked to several chronic afflictions that are common among the aged, including osteoporosis, insulin resistance and arthritis. Loss of muscle fibre number is the principal cause of sarcopenia, although fibre atrophy — particularly among type II fibres — is also involved. Several physiological mechanisms have been implicated in the development of sarcopenia. Denervation results in the loss of motor units and thus, muscle fibres. A decrease in the production of anabolic hormones such as testosterone, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 impairs the capacity of skeletal muscle to incorporate amino acids and synthesise proteins. An increase in the release of catabolic agents, specifically interleukin-6, amplifies the rate of muscle wasting among the elderly. Given the demographic trends evident in most western societies, i.e. increased number of those considered aged, management interventions for sarcopenia must become a major goal of the healthcare profession.
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Metadata
Title
Effects of Aging on Muscle Fibre Type and Size
Author
Dr Michael R. Deschenes
Publication date
01-10-2004
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Sports Medicine / Issue 12/2004
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Electronic ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200434120-00002