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PharmacoEconomics
Published in: PharmacoEconomics 1/2010

01-12-2010 | Original Research Article

Cost Effectiveness of Darunavir/Ritonavir in Highly Treatment-Experienced, HIV-1-Infected Adults in the USA

Authors: Dr Josephine Mauskopf, Anita Brogan, Silas Martin, Erik Smets

Published in: PharmacoEconomics | Special Issue 1/2010

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Abstract

Introduction: Darunavir is a new protease inhibitor (PI) that is co-administered with low-dose ritonavir and has demonstrated substantial efficacy in clinical trials of highly treatment-experienced patients when combined with an optimized background regimen (with or without enfuvirtide). This study estimates the cost effectiveness of darunavir with ritonavir (DRV/r) in this population over 5-year and lifetime time horizons in the USA.
Methods: AMarkov model was used to follow a treatment-experienced HIV-1 cohort through six health states, based on CD4 cell count: greater than 500, 351–500, 201–350, 101–200, 51–100 and 0–50 cells/mm3, and death. The magnitude of the CD4 cell count increase and duration of increasing and stable periodswere derived fromweek 48DRV/r clinical trial results (POWER1 and 2). The treatment pathway assumed one regimen switch following treatment failure on the initial regimen. The use of antiretroviral drugs was based on usage in DRV/r clinical trials. US daily wholesale acquisition costs were calculated using the recommended daily doses. For each CD4 cell count range, utility values, HIV-1-related mortality rates and costs for medical resources (other than antiretroviral drug costs) were obtained from published literature. Non-HIV-1-related mortality rates were calculated by applying a relative risk value to theUS general population age and gender-specific mortality rates. Costs and outcomes were discounted at 3% per year. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses and variability analysis were performed.
Results: In a 5-year analysis, patients receivingDRV/r experienced 3.80 qualityadjusted life-years (QALYs) and incurred total medical costs of US$217 288, while those receiving control PIs experienced 3.60QALYs and incurred costs of US$218 962. DRV/r was both more effective and less costly than control PIs. For the lifetime analysis, the QALYs and lifetime medical costs with DRV/r were 10.03 and US$565 358, compared with 8.76 and US$527 287 with control PIs. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for DRV/r compared with control PIs was US$30 046. One-way sensitivity analyses for both time horizons indicated that the results were most sensitive to changes in the rate of CD4 cell count change during stable and declining periods (lifetime only), duration of stable period (5-year only) andHIV-1-relatedmortality rates. The results of the variability analysis weremost sensitive to themodel time horizon.Nevertheless, for all ranges and scenarios tested in these analyses, the incremental cost perQALY gained remained below US$50 000. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that there was a 0.921 and 0.950 probability of a cost-effectiveness ratio below US$50000 per QALY for the 5-year and lifetime time horizon, respectively.
Conclusions: DRV/r is predicted to be cost effective compared with control PI in highly treatment-experienced patients and is predicted to yield an average of 0.20 additional QALYs per treatment-experienced patient over 5 years and 1.27 additional QALYs over a lifetime in this population.
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Metadata
Title
Cost Effectiveness of Darunavir/Ritonavir in Highly Treatment-Experienced, HIV-1-Infected Adults in the USA
Authors
Dr Josephine Mauskopf
Anita Brogan
Silas Martin
Erik Smets
Publication date
01-12-2010
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
PharmacoEconomics / Issue Special Issue 1/2010
Print ISSN: 1170-7690
Electronic ISSN: 1179-2027
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/11587470-000000000-00000

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