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Annals of Surgical Oncology
Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology 8/2019

01-08-2019 | Rectal Cancer | Colorectal Cancer

Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy, and Laparoscopic Surgery with Selective Lateral Node Dissection for Poor-Risk Low Rectal Cancer

Authors: Tsuyoshi Konishi, MD, Eiji Shinozaki, MD, Keiko Murofushi, MD, Senzo Taguchi, MD, Yosuke Fukunaga, MD, Satoshi Nagayama, MD, Yoshiya Fujimoto, MD, Takashi Akiyoshi, MD, Toshiya Nagasaki, MD, Mitsukuni Suenaga, MD, Akiko Chino, MD, Hiroshi Kawachi, MD, Noriko Yamamoto, MD, Yuichi Ishikawa, MD, Masahiko Oguchi, MD, Naoki Ishizuka, PhD, Masashi Ueno, MD, Kensei Yamaguchi, MD

Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology | Issue 8/2019

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of induction modified 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) plus bevacizumab followed by S− 1-based chemoradiotherapy in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined poor-risk locally advanced low rectal cancer.

Patients and Methods

This was a prospective phase II trial at a single comprehensive cancer center. The primary endpoint was the pathological complete response (pCR) rate. Eligible patients had clinical stage II–III low rectal adenocarcinoma with any of the following MRI-defined poor-risk features: circumferential resection margin (CRM) ≤ 1 mm, cT4, positive lateral nodes, mesorectal N2 disease, and/or requiring abdominoperineal resection. Patients received six cycles of mFOLFOX6 with 5 mg/kg bevacizumab followed by oral S-1 (80 mg/m2/day on days 1–14 and 22–35) plus radiotherapy (50.4 Gy). Surgery was conducted through a laparoscopic approach. Lateral node dissection was selectively added when the patient had enlarged lateral nodes.

Results

A total of 43 patients were enrolled. Grade 3–4 adverse events occurred in nine patients during induction chemotherapy and in five patients during chemoradiotherapy. One patient declined surgery with a clinical complete response. Forty-two patients underwent surgery, and 16 had pCR [37.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 24.4–52.1%]. All underwent R0 resection without conversion, including combined resection of adjacent structures (n = 14) and lateral node dissection (n = 30). Clavien–Dindo grade 3–4 complications occurred in six patients (14.3%). With median follow-up of 52 months, six developed recurrences (lung n = 5, local n = 1; 3-year relapse-free survival 86.0%).

Conclusions

This study achieved a high pCR rate with favorable toxicity and postoperative complications in poor-risk locally advanced low rectal cancer. Multicenter study is warranted to evaluate this regimen.
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Metadata
Title
Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy, and Laparoscopic Surgery with Selective Lateral Node Dissection for Poor-Risk Low Rectal Cancer
Authors
Tsuyoshi Konishi, MD
Eiji Shinozaki, MD
Keiko Murofushi, MD
Senzo Taguchi, MD
Yosuke Fukunaga, MD
Satoshi Nagayama, MD
Yoshiya Fujimoto, MD
Takashi Akiyoshi, MD
Toshiya Nagasaki, MD
Mitsukuni Suenaga, MD
Akiko Chino, MD
Hiroshi Kawachi, MD
Noriko Yamamoto, MD
Yuichi Ishikawa, MD
Masahiko Oguchi, MD
Naoki Ishizuka, PhD
Masashi Ueno, MD
Kensei Yamaguchi, MD
Publication date
01-08-2019
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Annals of Surgical Oncology / Issue 8/2019
Print ISSN: 1068-9265
Electronic ISSN: 1534-4681
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-019-07342-7

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