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Annals of Surgical Oncology
Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology 4/2019

01-04-2019 | Cytostatic Therapy | Colorectal Cancer

Survival in Patients with High-Grade Colorectal Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: The Role of Surgery and Chemotherapy

Authors: Adam C. Fields, MD, Pamela Lu, MD, Benjamin M. Vierra, MS, Frances Hu, MD, Jennifer Irani, MD, Ronald Bleday, MD, Joel E. Goldberg, MD, MPH, Garrett M. Nash, MD, MPH, Nelya Melnitchouk, MD, MSc

Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology | Issue 4/2019

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Abstract

Background

Colorectal neuroendocrine tumors are a rare malignancy, yet their incidence appears to be increasing. The optimal treatment for the high-grade subset of these tumors remains unclear. We aimed to examine the relationship between different treatment modalities and outcomes for patients with high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNECs) of the colon and rectum.

Methods

The National Cancer Database (2004–2015) was used to identify patients diagnosed with colorectal HGNECs. The primary outcome was overall survival. A Cox Proportional hazard model was used to identify risk factors for survival.

Results

Overall, 1208 patients had HGNECs; 452 (37.4%) patients had primary tumors of the rectum, and 756 (62.5%) patients had primary tumors of the colon. A total of 564 (46.7%) patients presented with stage IV disease. The median survival was 9.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.2–9.8]. In multivariable analysis, surgical resection [hazard ratio (HR) 0.54, 95% CI 0.44–0.66; p < 0.001], chemotherapy (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.69–0.79; p < 0.001), and rectum as the primary site of tumor (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.51–0.76; p < 0.001) were associated with better overall survival, while older age (HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.01; p = 0.02) and the presence of metastatic disease (HR 3.34, 95% CI 2.69–4.15; p < 0.001) were associated with worse survival.

Conclusions

Patients with colorectal HGNECs selected for chemotherapy and surgical resection of the primary tumor demonstrated better overall survival than those managed without resection. Patients who were able to undergo systemic chemotherapy may benefit from potentially curative resection of the primary tumor.
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Metadata
Title
Survival in Patients with High-Grade Colorectal Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: The Role of Surgery and Chemotherapy
Authors
Adam C. Fields, MD
Pamela Lu, MD
Benjamin M. Vierra, MS
Frances Hu, MD
Jennifer Irani, MD
Ronald Bleday, MD
Joel E. Goldberg, MD, MPH
Garrett M. Nash, MD, MPH
Nelya Melnitchouk, MD, MSc
Publication date
01-04-2019
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Annals of Surgical Oncology / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 1068-9265
Electronic ISSN: 1534-4681
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-019-07203-3

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