Published in:
01-07-2018 | Breast Oncology
Eighth Edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Breast Cancer
Authors:
Armando E. Giuliano, MD, Stephen B. Edge, MD, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, MD
Published in:
Annals of Surgical Oncology
|
Issue 7/2018
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Excerpt
Since its inception in 1977, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) has published a staging system based on anatomic findings: tumor size (T), nodal status (N), and metastases (M). This staging system has evolved, not only encompassing a wide spectrum of tumors but also including multiple updates that enable physicians to utilize new information and outcomes for management strategies in different malignancies. The breast cancer staging system has always been based similarly on TNM classification despite the fact that, for several years, clinicians in practice have used a number of biologic factors to describe the patient’s disease, outcomes, and appropriate therapy. …
