Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology 8/2018

01-08-2018 | Colorectal Cancer

Peritoneal Metastases in Colorectal Cancer

Authors: Richard Jacobson, MD, Scott K. Sherman, MD, Fadi Dadaleh, MD, Kiran K. Turaga, MD, MPH

Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology | Issue 8/2018

Login to get access

Excerpt

In the late 20th century, patients and physicians tended to view peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC-PM) with significant nihilism. While surgical cytoreduction emerged as an important adjunct to systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of liver and lung oligometastases, the adoption of surgery for peritoneal metastases has lagged. This review highlights the epidemiology of peritoneal metastases, current treatment guidelines, and their relationship to recent evidence and ongoing trials in surgical and adjuvant therapy. …
Literature
1.
go back to reference Esquivel J, Chua TC, Stojadinovic A et al. Accuracy and clinical relevance of computed tomography scan interpretation of peritoneal cancer index in colorectal cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis: a multi-institutional study. J Surg Oncol 2010; 102: 565–570.CrossRefPubMed Esquivel J, Chua TC, Stojadinovic A et al. Accuracy and clinical relevance of computed tomography scan interpretation of peritoneal cancer index in colorectal cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis: a multi-institutional study. J Surg Oncol 2010; 102: 565–570.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Koh JL, Yan TD, Glenn D, Morris DL. Evaluation of preoperative computed tomography in estimating peritoneal cancer index in colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16: 327-333.CrossRefPubMed Koh JL, Yan TD, Glenn D, Morris DL. Evaluation of preoperative computed tomography in estimating peritoneal cancer index in colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16: 327-333.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Jacquet P, Jelinek JS, Steves MA, Sugarbaker PH. Evaluation of computed tomography in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer 1993; 72: 1631-1636.CrossRefPubMed Jacquet P, Jelinek JS, Steves MA, Sugarbaker PH. Evaluation of computed tomography in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer 1993; 72: 1631-1636.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Dromain C, Leboulleux S, Auperin A et al. Staging of peritoneal carcinomatosis: enhanced CT vs. PET/CT. Abdom Imaging 2008; 33: 87-93.CrossRefPubMed Dromain C, Leboulleux S, Auperin A et al. Staging of peritoneal carcinomatosis: enhanced CT vs. PET/CT. Abdom Imaging 2008; 33: 87-93.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Low RN, Barone RM. Combined diffusion-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced MRI can accurately predict the peritoneal cancer index preoperatively in patients being considered for cytoreductive surgical procedures. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19: 1394-1401.CrossRefPubMed Low RN, Barone RM. Combined diffusion-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced MRI can accurately predict the peritoneal cancer index preoperatively in patients being considered for cytoreductive surgical procedures. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19: 1394-1401.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Hugen N, van de Velde CJ, de Wilt JH, Nagtegaal ID. Metastatic pattern in colorectal cancer is strongly influenced by histological subtype. Ann Oncol 2014; 25: 651-657.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hugen N, van de Velde CJ, de Wilt JH, Nagtegaal ID. Metastatic pattern in colorectal cancer is strongly influenced by histological subtype. Ann Oncol 2014; 25: 651-657.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
go back to reference Hong YS, Park YS, Lim HY et al. S-1 plus oxaliplatin versus capecitabine plus oxaliplatin for first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomised, non-inferiority phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13: 1125-1132.CrossRefPubMed Hong YS, Park YS, Lim HY et al. S-1 plus oxaliplatin versus capecitabine plus oxaliplatin for first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomised, non-inferiority phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13: 1125-1132.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Ducreux M, Bennouna J, Hebbar M et al. Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) versus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX-6) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 128: 682-690.CrossRefPubMed Ducreux M, Bennouna J, Hebbar M et al. Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) versus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX-6) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 128: 682-690.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Jonker DJ, O’Callaghan CJ, Karapetis CS et al. Cetuximab for the treatment of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 2040-2048.CrossRefPubMed Jonker DJ, O’Callaghan CJ, Karapetis CS et al. Cetuximab for the treatment of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 2040-2048.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Seymour MT, Brown SR, Middleton G et al. Panitumumab and irinotecan versus irinotecan alone for patients with KRAS wild-type, fluorouracil-resistant advanced colorectal cancer (PICCOLO): a prospectively stratified randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14: 749-759.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Seymour MT, Brown SR, Middleton G et al. Panitumumab and irinotecan versus irinotecan alone for patients with KRAS wild-type, fluorouracil-resistant advanced colorectal cancer (PICCOLO): a prospectively stratified randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14: 749-759.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Seymour MT, Maughan TS, Ledermann JA et al. Different strategies of sequential and combination chemotherapy for patients with poor prognosis advanced colorectal cancer (MRC FOCUS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 370: 143-152.CrossRefPubMed Seymour MT, Maughan TS, Ledermann JA et al. Different strategies of sequential and combination chemotherapy for patients with poor prognosis advanced colorectal cancer (MRC FOCUS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 370: 143-152.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Tournigand C, Chibaudel B, Samson B et al. Bevacizumab with or without erlotinib as maintenance therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (GERCOR DREAM; OPTIMOX3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16: 1493-1505.CrossRefPubMed Tournigand C, Chibaudel B, Samson B et al. Bevacizumab with or without erlotinib as maintenance therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (GERCOR DREAM; OPTIMOX3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16: 1493-1505.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Yoshino T, Yamazaki K, Yamaguchi K et al. A phase I study of intravenous aflibercept with FOLFIRI in Japanese patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. Invest New Drugs 2013; 31: 910-917.CrossRefPubMed Yoshino T, Yamazaki K, Yamaguchi K et al. A phase I study of intravenous aflibercept with FOLFIRI in Japanese patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. Invest New Drugs 2013; 31: 910-917.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Segelman J, Granath F, Holm T et al. Incidence, prevalence and risk factors for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2012; 99: 699-705.CrossRefPubMed Segelman J, Granath F, Holm T et al. Incidence, prevalence and risk factors for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2012; 99: 699-705.CrossRefPubMed
15.
16.
go back to reference Knijn N, van Erning FN, Overbeek LI et al. Limited effect of lymph node status on the metastatic pattern in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7: 31699-31707.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Knijn N, van Erning FN, Overbeek LI et al. Limited effect of lymph node status on the metastatic pattern in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7: 31699-31707.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
go back to reference National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Colon Cancer Version 2.2017. 2017. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Colon Cancer Version 2.2017. 2017.
18.
go back to reference Tseng J, Bryan DS, Poli E et al. Under-representation of peritoneal metastases in published clinical trials of metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18: 711-712.CrossRefPubMed Tseng J, Bryan DS, Poli E et al. Under-representation of peritoneal metastases in published clinical trials of metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18: 711-712.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Jayne D. Molecular biology of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer Treat Res 2007; 134: 21-33.PubMed Jayne D. Molecular biology of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer Treat Res 2007; 134: 21-33.PubMed
20.
go back to reference Jayne DG, Fook S, Loi C, Seow-Choen F. Peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2002; 89: 1545-1550.CrossRefPubMed Jayne DG, Fook S, Loi C, Seow-Choen F. Peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2002; 89: 1545-1550.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Franko J, Shi Q, Meyers JP et al. Prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastatic colorectal cancer given systemic therapy: an analysis of individual patient data from prospective randomised trials from the Analysis and Research in Cancers of the Digestive System (ARCAD) database. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17: 1709-1719.CrossRefPubMed Franko J, Shi Q, Meyers JP et al. Prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastatic colorectal cancer given systemic therapy: an analysis of individual patient data from prospective randomised trials from the Analysis and Research in Cancers of the Digestive System (ARCAD) database. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17: 1709-1719.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Tran B, Kopetz S, Tie J et al. Impact of BRAF mutation and microsatellite instability on the pattern of metastatic spread and prognosis in metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer 2011; 117: 4623-4632.CrossRefPubMed Tran B, Kopetz S, Tie J et al. Impact of BRAF mutation and microsatellite instability on the pattern of metastatic spread and prognosis in metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer 2011; 117: 4623-4632.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Franko J, Shi Q, Goldman CD et al. Treatment of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis with systemic chemotherapy: a pooled analysis of north central cancer treatment group phase III trials N9741 and N9841. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 263-267.CrossRefPubMed Franko J, Shi Q, Goldman CD et al. Treatment of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis with systemic chemotherapy: a pooled analysis of north central cancer treatment group phase III trials N9741 and N9841. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 263-267.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Gillern SM, Chua TC, Stojadinovic A, Esquivel J. KRAS status in patients with colorectal cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis and its impact on outcome. Am J Clin Oncol 2010; 33: 456-460.CrossRefPubMed Gillern SM, Chua TC, Stojadinovic A, Esquivel J. KRAS status in patients with colorectal cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis and its impact on outcome. Am J Clin Oncol 2010; 33: 456-460.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Sugarbaker PH, Gianola FJ, Speyer JL et al. Prospective randomized trial of intravenous v intraperitoneal 5-FU in patients with advanced primary colon or rectal cancer. Semin Oncol 1985; 12: 101-111.PubMed Sugarbaker PH, Gianola FJ, Speyer JL et al. Prospective randomized trial of intravenous v intraperitoneal 5-FU in patients with advanced primary colon or rectal cancer. Semin Oncol 1985; 12: 101-111.PubMed
26.
go back to reference Sugarbaker PH, Jablonski KA. Prognostic features of 51 colorectal and 130 appendiceal cancer patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis treated by cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Ann Surg 1995; 221: 124-132.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sugarbaker PH, Jablonski KA. Prognostic features of 51 colorectal and 130 appendiceal cancer patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis treated by cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Ann Surg 1995; 221: 124-132.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
go back to reference Smeenk RM, Verwaal VJ, Zoetmulder FA. Learning curve of combined modality treatment in peritoneal surface disease. Br J Surg 2007; 94: 1408-1414.CrossRefPubMed Smeenk RM, Verwaal VJ, Zoetmulder FA. Learning curve of combined modality treatment in peritoneal surface disease. Br J Surg 2007; 94: 1408-1414.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Spratt JS, Adcock RA, Muskovin M et al. Clinical delivery system for intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy. Cancer Res 1980; 40: 256-260.PubMed Spratt JS, Adcock RA, Muskovin M et al. Clinical delivery system for intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy. Cancer Res 1980; 40: 256-260.PubMed
29.
go back to reference Gilly FN, Beaujard A, Glehen O et al. Peritonectomy combined with intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia in abdominal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis: phase I-II study. Anticancer Res 1999; 19: 2317-2321.PubMed Gilly FN, Beaujard A, Glehen O et al. Peritonectomy combined with intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia in abdominal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis: phase I-II study. Anticancer Res 1999; 19: 2317-2321.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Teicher BA, Kowal CD, Kennedy KA, Sartorelli AC. Enhancement by hyperthermia of the in vitro cytotoxicity of mitomycin C toward hypoxic tumor cells. Cancer Res 1981; 41: 1096-1099.PubMed Teicher BA, Kowal CD, Kennedy KA, Sartorelli AC. Enhancement by hyperthermia of the in vitro cytotoxicity of mitomycin C toward hypoxic tumor cells. Cancer Res 1981; 41: 1096-1099.PubMed
31.
go back to reference Turaga K, Levine E, Barone R et al. Consensus guidelines from The American Society of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies on standardizing the delivery of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in colorectal cancer patients in the United States. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21: 1501-1505.CrossRefPubMed Turaga K, Levine E, Barone R et al. Consensus guidelines from The American Society of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies on standardizing the delivery of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in colorectal cancer patients in the United States. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21: 1501-1505.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Choti MA, Sitzmann JV, Tiburi MF et al. Trends in long-term survival following liver resection for hepatic colorectal metastases. Ann Surg 2002; 235: 759-766.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Choti MA, Sitzmann JV, Tiburi MF et al. Trends in long-term survival following liver resection for hepatic colorectal metastases. Ann Surg 2002; 235: 759-766.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
go back to reference Morris EJ, Forman D, Thomas JD et al. Surgical management and outcomes of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Br J Surg 2010; 97: 1110-1118.CrossRefPubMed Morris EJ, Forman D, Thomas JD et al. Surgical management and outcomes of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Br J Surg 2010; 97: 1110-1118.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Gervais MK, Dube P, McConnell Y et al. Cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with oxaliplatin for peritoneal carcinomatosis arising from colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2013; 108: 438-443.CrossRefPubMed Gervais MK, Dube P, McConnell Y et al. Cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with oxaliplatin for peritoneal carcinomatosis arising from colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2013; 108: 438-443.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Elias D, Lefevre JH, Chevalier J et al. Complete cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia with oxaliplatin for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 681-685.CrossRefPubMed Elias D, Lefevre JH, Chevalier J et al. Complete cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia with oxaliplatin for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 681-685.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Verwaal VJ, van Ruth S, de Bree E et al. Randomized trial of cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy and palliative surgery in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 3737-3743.CrossRefPubMed Verwaal VJ, van Ruth S, de Bree E et al. Randomized trial of cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy and palliative surgery in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 3737-3743.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Verwaal VJ, Bruin S, Boot H et al. 8-year follow-up of randomized trial: cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15: 2426-2432.CrossRefPubMed Verwaal VJ, Bruin S, Boot H et al. 8-year follow-up of randomized trial: cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15: 2426-2432.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Tabrizian P, Overbey J, Carrasco-Avino G et al. Escalation of socioeconomic disparities among patients with colorectal cancer receiving advanced surgical treatment. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22: 1746-1750.CrossRefPubMed Tabrizian P, Overbey J, Carrasco-Avino G et al. Escalation of socioeconomic disparities among patients with colorectal cancer receiving advanced surgical treatment. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22: 1746-1750.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Maciver AH, Lee N, Skitzki JJ et al. Cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CS/HIPEC) in colorectal cancer: evidence-based review of patient selection and treatment algorithms. Eur J Surg Oncol 2017; 43: 1028-1039.CrossRefPubMed Maciver AH, Lee N, Skitzki JJ et al. Cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CS/HIPEC) in colorectal cancer: evidence-based review of patient selection and treatment algorithms. Eur J Surg Oncol 2017; 43: 1028-1039.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Faron M, Macovei R, Goere D et al. Linear Relationship of Peritoneal Cancer Index and Survival in Patients with Peritoneal Metastases from Colorectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23: 114-119.CrossRefPubMed Faron M, Macovei R, Goere D et al. Linear Relationship of Peritoneal Cancer Index and Survival in Patients with Peritoneal Metastases from Colorectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23: 114-119.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Glehen O, Kwiatkowski F, Sugarbaker PH et al. Cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer: a multi-institutional study. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 3284-3292.CrossRefPubMed Glehen O, Kwiatkowski F, Sugarbaker PH et al. Cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer: a multi-institutional study. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 3284-3292.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Winer J, Zenati M, Ramalingam L et al. Impact of aggressive histology and location of primary tumor on the efficacy of surgical therapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21: 1456-1462.CrossRefPubMed Winer J, Zenati M, Ramalingam L et al. Impact of aggressive histology and location of primary tumor on the efficacy of surgical therapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21: 1456-1462.CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Glehen O, Cotte E, Schreiber V et al. Intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia and attempted cytoreductive surgery in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. Br J Surg 2004; 91: 747-754.CrossRefPubMed Glehen O, Cotte E, Schreiber V et al. Intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia and attempted cytoreductive surgery in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. Br J Surg 2004; 91: 747-754.CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Chua TC, Saxena A, Schellekens JF et al. Morbidity and mortality outcomes of cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy at a single tertiary institution: towards a new perspective of this treatment. Ann Surg 2010; 251: 101-106.CrossRefPubMed Chua TC, Saxena A, Schellekens JF et al. Morbidity and mortality outcomes of cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy at a single tertiary institution: towards a new perspective of this treatment. Ann Surg 2010; 251: 101-106.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Rajeev R, Klooster B, Turaga KK. Impact of surgical volume of centers on post-operative outcomes from cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemoperfusion. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7: 122-128.PubMedPubMedCentral Rajeev R, Klooster B, Turaga KK. Impact of surgical volume of centers on post-operative outcomes from cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemoperfusion. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7: 122-128.PubMedPubMedCentral
46.
go back to reference Hompes D, D’Hoore A, Van Cutsem E et al. The treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer with complete cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal peroperative chemotherapy (HIPEC) with oxaliplatin: a Belgian multicentre prospective phase II clinical study. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19: 2186-2194.CrossRefPubMed Hompes D, D’Hoore A, Van Cutsem E et al. The treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer with complete cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal peroperative chemotherapy (HIPEC) with oxaliplatin: a Belgian multicentre prospective phase II clinical study. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19: 2186-2194.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Votanopoulos KI, Russell G, Randle RW et al. Peritoneal surface disease (PSD) from appendiceal cancer treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC): overview of 481 cases. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22: 1274-1279.CrossRefPubMed Votanopoulos KI, Russell G, Randle RW et al. Peritoneal surface disease (PSD) from appendiceal cancer treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC): overview of 481 cases. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22: 1274-1279.CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Di Giorgio A, Naticchioni E, Biacchi D et al. Cytoreductive surgery (peritonectomy procedures) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the treatment of diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer. Cancer 2008; 113: 315-325.CrossRefPubMed Di Giorgio A, Naticchioni E, Biacchi D et al. Cytoreductive surgery (peritonectomy procedures) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the treatment of diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer. Cancer 2008; 113: 315-325.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Klaver YL, Lemmens VE, Creemers GJ et al. Population-based survival of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal origin in the era of increasing use of palliative chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2011; 22: 2250-2256.CrossRefPubMed Klaver YL, Lemmens VE, Creemers GJ et al. Population-based survival of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal origin in the era of increasing use of palliative chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2011; 22: 2250-2256.CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M et al. Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 2938-2947.CrossRefPubMed de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M et al. Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 2938-2947.CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Tournigand C, Andre T, Achille E et al. FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 229-237.CrossRefPubMed Tournigand C, Andre T, Achille E et al. FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 229-237.CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Loupakis F, Cremolini C, Masi G et al. Initial therapy with FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2014; 371: 1609-1618.CrossRefPubMed Loupakis F, Cremolini C, Masi G et al. Initial therapy with FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2014; 371: 1609-1618.CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Huang C-Q, Min Y, Wang S-Y et al. Cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy improves survival for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidence. Oncotarget 2017; 8: 55657-55683.PubMedPubMedCentral Huang C-Q, Min Y, Wang S-Y et al. Cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy improves survival for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidence. Oncotarget 2017; 8: 55657-55683.PubMedPubMedCentral
54.
go back to reference Klaver CE, Musters GD, Bemelman WA et al. Adjuvant hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with colon cancer at high risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis; the COLOPEC randomized multicentre trial. BMC Cancer 2015; 15: 428.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Klaver CE, Musters GD, Bemelman WA et al. Adjuvant hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with colon cancer at high risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis; the COLOPEC randomized multicentre trial. BMC Cancer 2015; 15: 428.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
55.
go back to reference Klaver CEL, Stam R, Sloothaak DAM et al. Colorectal cancer at high risk of peritoneal metastases: long term outcomes of a pilot study on adjuvant laparoscopic HIPEC and future perspectives. Oncotarget 2017; 8: 51200-51209.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Klaver CEL, Stam R, Sloothaak DAM et al. Colorectal cancer at high risk of peritoneal metastases: long term outcomes of a pilot study on adjuvant laparoscopic HIPEC and future perspectives. Oncotarget 2017; 8: 51200-51209.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
56.
go back to reference Elias D, Honore C, Dumont F et al. Results of systematic second-look surgery plus HIPEC in asymptomatic patients presenting a high risk of developing colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis. Ann Surg 2011; 254: 289-293.CrossRefPubMed Elias D, Honore C, Dumont F et al. Results of systematic second-look surgery plus HIPEC in asymptomatic patients presenting a high risk of developing colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis. Ann Surg 2011; 254: 289-293.CrossRefPubMed
58.
go back to reference Yu T, Guo F, Yu Y et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes chemoresistance to colorectal cancer by modulating autophagy. Cell 2017; 170: 548-563 e516. Yu T, Guo F, Yu Y et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes chemoresistance to colorectal cancer by modulating autophagy. Cell 2017; 170: 548-563 e516.
Metadata
Title
Peritoneal Metastases in Colorectal Cancer
Authors
Richard Jacobson, MD
Scott K. Sherman, MD
Fadi Dadaleh, MD
Kiran K. Turaga, MD, MPH
Publication date
01-08-2018
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Annals of Surgical Oncology / Issue 8/2018
Print ISSN: 1068-9265
Electronic ISSN: 1534-4681
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-018-6490-x

Other articles of this Issue 8/2018

Annals of Surgical Oncology 8/2018 Go to the issue