Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Annals of Surgical Oncology
Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology 11/2015

01-10-2015 | Thoracic Oncology

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor is a Useful Predictor of Postoperative Distant Metastasis and Survival Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Authors: Xue Hou, MD, Jin-Chang Wei, MD, Jian-Hua Fu, MD, Xin Wang, MD, Rong-Zhen Luo, MD, PhD, Jie-Hua He, MD, PhD, Lan-Jun Zhang, MD, Peng Lin, MD, Hao-Xian Yang, MD, PhD

Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology | Issue 11/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prognosis for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is controversial. This study investigated the correlation of VEGF expression with distant metastases and prognosis in resectable ESCC to improve the identification of patients with increased risk of postoperative metastases.

Methods

Data from two centers were used to establish a training cohort (n = 319) and a validation cohort (n = 164). Tissue microarrays were generated for immunohistochemical evaluation. The correlations among VEGF expression, clinicopathologic variables, and prognosis were analyzed. The outcomes generated from the training cohort then were tested using the validation cohort. Multivariate analyses were used to test the independent factors that had an impact on postoperative distant metastases, overall survival (OS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS).

Results

Tumor stages, tumor cell grade, and VEGF expression were prognostic factors independent of ESCC outcome. The data indicated that high levels of VEGF expression were correlated with a high risk of postoperative distant metastases (p = 0.013) in the training cohort. This result was confirmed by the validation cohort (p < 0.01) and logistic regression analyses. A high level of VEGF expression also was correlated with poor DMFS (p = 0.011) and OS (p = 0.033) in the training cohort, which also was confirmed by the validation cohort and Cox regression analyses.

Conclusions

Expression of VEGF is a predictor of distant metastasis, OS, and DMFS in resectable ESCC patients. Using a combination of VEGF expression, tumor stages, and tumor cell grade, identification of patients with increased risk of postoperative metastases may become possible.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Lee PC, Mirza FM, Port JL, et al. Predictors of recurrence and disease-free survival in patients with completely resected esophageal carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;141:1196–206.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Wijnhoven BP, Tran KT, Esterman A, Watson DI, Tilanus HW. An evaluation of prognostic factors and tumor staging of resected carcinoma of the esophagus. Ann Surg. 2007;245:717–25.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
3.
Law S, Wong J. Changing disease burden and management issues for esophageal cancer in the Asia-Pacific region. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002;17:374–81.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Rice TW, Blackstone EH, Rusch VW. 7th edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: esophagus and esophagogastric junction. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17:1721–24.CrossRefPubMed
5.
6.
7.
8.
Png KJ, Halberg N, Yoshida M, Tavazoie SF. A microRNA regulon that mediates endothelial recruitment and metastasis by cancer cells. Nature. 2012;481:190–4.CrossRef
9.
Kim KJ, Li B, Winer J, Armanini M, Gillett N, Phillips HS, Ferrara N. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis suppresses tumour growth in vivo. Nature. 1993;362:841–4.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Pencheva N, Tran H, Buss C, Huh D, Drobnjak M, Busam K, Tavazoie SF. Convergent multi-miRNA targeting of ApoE drives LRP1/LRP8-dependent melanoma metastasis and angiogenesis. Cell. 2012;151:1068–82.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
11.
12.
13.
Lin C, Song L, Liu A, et al. Overexpression of AKIP1 promotes angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene. 2014. doi:10.​1038/​onc.​2013.​559.
14.
Choi JY, Jang KT, Shim YM, et al. Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and microvessel density in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: comparison with positron emission tomography. Ann Surg Oncol. 2006;13:1054–62.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Ogata Y, Fujita H, Yamana H, Sueyoshi S, Shirouzu K. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor as a prognostic factor in node-positive squamous cell carcinoma in the thoracic esophagus: long-term follow-up study. World J Surg. 2003;27:584–9.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Kimura Y, Watanabe M, Ohga T, Saeki H, Kakeji Y, Baba H, Maehara Y. Vascular endothelial growth factor C expression correlates with lymphatic involvement and poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 2003;10:1747–51.PubMed
17.
Kozlowski M, Naumnik W, Niklinski J, Milewski R, Dziegielewski P, Laudanski J. Vascular endothelial growth factor C and D expression correlates with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with resected esophageal cancer. Neoplasma. 2011;58:311–9.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Liu P, Chen W, Zhu H, et al. Expression of VEGF-C correlates with a poor prognosis based on analysis of prognostic factors in 73 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2009;39:644–50.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Tzao C, Lee SC, Tung HJ, et al. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D as outcome predictors in resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Markers. 2008;25:141–8.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
20.
Okazawa T, Yoshida T, Shirai Y, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C is a prognostic indicator in esophageal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology. 2008; 55:1503–8.PubMed
21.
Rosa AR, Schirmer CC, Gurski RR, Meurer L, Edelweiss MI, Kruel CD. Prognostic value of p53 protein expression and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in resected squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Dis Esophagus. 2003;16:112–8.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Cavazzola LT, Rosa AR, Schirmer CC, et al. Immunohistochemical evaluation for P53 and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is not prognostic for long term survival in end stage esophageal adenocarcinoma. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2009;36:24–34.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Cheng JC, Graber MS, Hsu FM, et al. High serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and transforming growth factor-beta1 before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy predict poor outcomes in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving combined modality therapy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21:2361–8.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Yoon MS, Nam TK, Lee JS, et al. VEGF as a predictor for response to definitive chemoradiotherapy and COX-2 as a prognosticator for survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Korean Med Sci. 2011;26:513–20.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
25.
Sun ZG, Wang Z, Zhang M. Correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor C expression and prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2012;8:e68–76.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Yang HX, Feng W, Wei JC, et al. Support vector machine-based nomogram predicts postoperative distant metastasis for patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 2013;109:1109–16.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
27.
28.
Hou X, Li Y, Luo RZ, Fu JH, He JH, Zhang LJ, Yang HX. High expression of the transcriptional co-activator p300 predicts poor survival in resectable non-small cell lung cancers. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2012;38:523–30.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Metadata
Title
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor is a Useful Predictor of Postoperative Distant Metastasis and Survival Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors
Xue Hou, MD
Jin-Chang Wei, MD
Jian-Hua Fu, MD
Xin Wang, MD
Rong-Zhen Luo, MD, PhD
Jie-Hua He, MD, PhD
Lan-Jun Zhang, MD
Peng Lin, MD
Hao-Xian Yang, MD, PhD
Publication date
01-10-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Annals of Surgical Oncology / Issue 11/2015
Print ISSN: 1068-9265
Electronic ISSN: 1534-4681
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-015-4390-x

Other articles of this Issue 11/2015

Annals of Surgical Oncology 11/2015 Go to the issue

Gastrointestinal Oncology

Lymph Node Metastasis Predicts Disease Recurrence in a Single-Center Experience of 70 Stages 1–3 Appendix Cancers: A Retrospective Review

Pancreatic Tumors

Non-metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: Resectable, Borderline Resectable, and Locally Advanced-Definitions of Increasing Importance for the Optimal Delivery of Multimodality Therapy

Breast Oncology

The Effect of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy on Perioperative Complications in Women Undergoing Immediate Breast Reconstruction: A NSQIP Analysis

Head and Neck Oncology

Risk Factors and Prognosis for Myoepithelial Carcinoma of the Major Salivary Glands

Gastrointestinal Oncology

A Simplified Preoperative Assessment Predicts Complete Cytoreduction and Outcomes in Patients with Low-Grade Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix

Healthcare Policy and Outcomes

Overutilization and Cost of Advanced Imaging for Long-Bone Cartilaginous Lesions