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Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics
Published in: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Review

Molecular mechanisms of Shigella effector proteins: a common pathogen among diarrheic pediatric population

Authors: Ahmad Nasser, Mehrdad Mosadegh, Taher Azimi, Aref Shariati

Published in: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics | Issue 1/2022

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Abstract

Different gastrointestinal pathogens cause diarrhea which is a very common problem in children aged under 5 years. Among bacterial pathogens, Shigella is one of the main causes of diarrhea among children, and it accounts for approximately 11% of all deaths among children aged under 5 years. The case-fatality rates for Shigella among the infants and children aged 1 to 4 years are 13.9% and 9.4%, respectively. Shigella uses unique effector proteins to modulate intracellular pathways. Shigella cannot invade epithelial cells on the apical site; therefore, it needs to pass epithelium through other cells rather than the epithelial cell. After passing epithelium, macrophage swallows Shigella, and the latter should prepare itself to exhibit at least two types of responses: (I) escaping phagocyte and (II) mediating invasion of and injury to the recurrent PMN. The presence of PMN and invitation to a greater degree resulted in gut membrane injuries and greater bacterial penetration. Infiltration of Shigella to the basolateral space mediates (A) cell attachment, (B) cell entry, (C) evasion of autophagy recognition, (D) vacuole formation and and vacuole rapture, (E) intracellular life, (F) Shiga toxin, and (G) immune response. In this review, an attempt is made to explain the role of each factor in Shigella infection.
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Metadata
Title
Molecular mechanisms of Shigella effector proteins: a common pathogen among diarrheic pediatric population
Authors
Ahmad Nasser
Mehrdad Mosadegh
Taher Azimi
Aref Shariati
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 2194-7791
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-022-00145-z

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