Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Systematic Reviews 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Protocol

Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis on the clinical outcomes and cost of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap versus implants for breast reconstruction

Authors: Ankur Khajuria, Oliver J. Smith, Maxim Prokopenko, Maximillian Greenfield, Afshin Mosahebi

Published in: Systematic Reviews | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Mastectomy in the context of breast malignancy can have a profoundly negative impact on a woman’s self-image, impairing personal, sexual and social relationships. The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap and implants are the two commonest reconstructive modalities that can potentially overcome this psychological trauma. The comparative data on clinical outcomes and costs of the two modalities is limited. We aim to synthesise the current evidence on DIEP versus implants to establish which is the superior technique for breast reconstruction, in terms of clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness.

Methods

A comprehensive search will be undertaken of EMBASE, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, CENTRAL and Science citation index databases (1994 up to August 2017) to identify studies relevant for the review. Primary human studies evaluating clinical outcomes and cost of DIEP and implant-based reconstruction in context of breast malignancy will be included. Primary outcomes will be patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcome from patient-reported outcome measures (scores from validated tools, e.g. BREAST-Q tool), complications and cost-analysis. The secondary outcomes will be duration of surgery, number of surgical revisions, length of stay, availability of procedures and total number of clinic visits.

Discussion

This will be the first systematic review and meta-analysis in available literature comparing the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of DIEP and implants for breast reconstruction. This review is expected to guide worldwide clinical practice for breast reconstruction.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42017072557.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Ganz PA. Psychological and social aspects of breast cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2008;22:642–6. 650. discussion 650, 653 Ganz PA. Psychological and social aspects of breast cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2008;22:642–6. 650. discussion 650, 653
2.
go back to reference Helms RL, O’Hea EL, Corso M. Body image issues in women with breast cancer. Psychol Health Med. 2008;13:313–25.CrossRefPubMed Helms RL, O’Hea EL, Corso M. Body image issues in women with breast cancer. Psychol Health Med. 2008;13:313–25.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Fobair P, Stewart SL, Chang S, et al. Body image and sexual problems in young women with breast cancer. Psychooncology. 2006;15:579–94.CrossRefPubMed Fobair P, Stewart SL, Chang S, et al. Body image and sexual problems in young women with breast cancer. Psychooncology. 2006;15:579–94.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Eltahir Y, Werners LL, Dreise MM, et al. Quality-of-life outcomes between mastectomy alone and breast reconstruction: comparison of patient-reported BREAST-Q and other health-related quality-of-life measures. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;132:201e–9e.CrossRefPubMed Eltahir Y, Werners LL, Dreise MM, et al. Quality-of-life outcomes between mastectomy alone and breast reconstruction: comparison of patient-reported BREAST-Q and other health-related quality-of-life measures. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;132:201e–9e.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Guyomard V, Leinster S, Wilkinson M. Systematic review of studies of patients’ satisfaction with breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Breast. 2007;16:547–67.CrossRefPubMed Guyomard V, Leinster S, Wilkinson M. Systematic review of studies of patients’ satisfaction with breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Breast. 2007;16:547–67.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Yueh JH, Slavin SA, Adesiyun T, Nyame TT, Gautam S, Morris DJ, et al. Patient satisfaction in postmastectomy breast reconstruction: a comparative evaluation of DIEP, TRAM, latissimus flap, and implant techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125:1585–95.CrossRefPubMed Yueh JH, Slavin SA, Adesiyun T, Nyame TT, Gautam S, Morris DJ, et al. Patient satisfaction in postmastectomy breast reconstruction: a comparative evaluation of DIEP, TRAM, latissimus flap, and implant techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125:1585–95.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Dean C, Chetty U, Forrest AP. Effects of immediate breast reconstruction on psychosocial morbidity after mastectomy. Lancet. 1983;1:459–62.CrossRefPubMed Dean C, Chetty U, Forrest AP. Effects of immediate breast reconstruction on psychosocial morbidity after mastectomy. Lancet. 1983;1:459–62.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Filiberti A, Tamburini M, Murru L, et al. Psychologic effects and aesthetic results of breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Tumori. 1986;72:585–8.PubMed Filiberti A, Tamburini M, Murru L, et al. Psychologic effects and aesthetic results of breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Tumori. 1986;72:585–8.PubMed
9.
go back to reference Rowland JH, Holland JC, Chaglassian T, Kinne D. Psychological response to breast reconstruction: expectations for and impact on postmastectomy functioning. Psychosomatics. 1993;34:241–50.CrossRefPubMed Rowland JH, Holland JC, Chaglassian T, Kinne D. Psychological response to breast reconstruction: expectations for and impact on postmastectomy functioning. Psychosomatics. 1993;34:241–50.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Sisco M, Du H, Warner JP, Howard MA, Winchester DP, Yao K. Have we expanded the equitable delivery of postmastectomy breast reconstruction in the new millennium? Evidence from the National Cancer Data Base. J Am Coll Surg. 2012;215:658–66. discussion 666CrossRefPubMed Sisco M, Du H, Warner JP, Howard MA, Winchester DP, Yao K. Have we expanded the equitable delivery of postmastectomy breast reconstruction in the new millennium? Evidence from the National Cancer Data Base. J Am Coll Surg. 2012;215:658–66. discussion 666CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Lagares-Borrego A, Gacto-Sanchez P, Infante-Cossio P, Barrera-Pulido F, Sicilia-Castro D, Gomez-Cia TA. Comparison of long-term cost and clinical outcomes between the two-stage sequence expander/prosthesis and autologous deep inferior epigastric flap methods for breast reconstruction in a public hospital. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2016;69:196–205.CrossRefPubMed Lagares-Borrego A, Gacto-Sanchez P, Infante-Cossio P, Barrera-Pulido F, Sicilia-Castro D, Gomez-Cia TA. Comparison of long-term cost and clinical outcomes between the two-stage sequence expander/prosthesis and autologous deep inferior epigastric flap methods for breast reconstruction in a public hospital. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2016;69:196–205.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Fischer J, Nelson J, Cleveland E. Breast reconstruction modality outcome study: a comparison of expander/implants and free flaps in select patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;131:928–34.CrossRefPubMed Fischer J, Nelson J, Cleveland E. Breast reconstruction modality outcome study: a comparison of expander/implants and free flaps in select patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;131:928–34.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Liu C, Momeni A, Zhuang Y, et al. Outcome analysis of expander/implant versus microsurgical abdominal flap breast reconstruction: a critical study of 254 cases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21:2074–82.CrossRefPubMed Liu C, Momeni A, Zhuang Y, et al. Outcome analysis of expander/implant versus microsurgical abdominal flap breast reconstruction: a critical study of 254 cases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21:2074–82.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Pirro O, Mestak O, Vindigni V, Sukop A, Hromadkova V, Nguyenova A, et al. Comparison of patient-reported outcomes after implant versus autologous tissue breast reconstruction using the BREAST-Q. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2017;5:e1217.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Pirro O, Mestak O, Vindigni V, Sukop A, Hromadkova V, Nguyenova A, et al. Comparison of patient-reported outcomes after implant versus autologous tissue breast reconstruction using the BREAST-Q. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2017;5:e1217.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
go back to reference Spear S, Newman M, Bedford S, et al. A retrospective analysis of outcomes using three common methods for immediate breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;122:340–7.CrossRefPubMed Spear S, Newman M, Bedford S, et al. A retrospective analysis of outcomes using three common methods for immediate breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;122:340–7.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Alderman A, Wilkins E, Lowery J, et al. Determinants of patient satisfaction in postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;106:769–76.CrossRefPubMed Alderman A, Wilkins E, Lowery J, et al. Determinants of patient satisfaction in postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;106:769–76.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Tønseth K, Hokland B, Tindholdt T, et al. Quality of life, patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcome after breast reconstruction using DIEP flap or expandable breast implant. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61:1188–94. Epub 2007 Jul 2CrossRefPubMed Tønseth K, Hokland B, Tindholdt T, et al. Quality of life, patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcome after breast reconstruction using DIEP flap or expandable breast implant. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61:1188–94. Epub 2007 Jul 2CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Grover R, Padula WV, Van Vliet M, Ridgway EB. Comparing five alternative methods of breast reconstruction surgery: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;132:709e–23e.CrossRefPubMed Grover R, Padula WV, Van Vliet M, Ridgway EB. Comparing five alternative methods of breast reconstruction surgery: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;132:709e–23e.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Atherton DD, Hills AJ, Moradi P, Muirhead N, Wood SH. The economic viability of breast reconstruction in the UK: comparison of a single surgeon’s experience of implant; LD; TRAM and DIEP based reconstructions in 274 patients. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64:710–5.CrossRefPubMed Atherton DD, Hills AJ, Moradi P, Muirhead N, Wood SH. The economic viability of breast reconstruction in the UK: comparison of a single surgeon’s experience of implant; LD; TRAM and DIEP based reconstructions in 274 patients. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64:710–5.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Agha RA, Fowler AJ, Herlin C, Goodacre TE, Orgill DP. Use of autologous fat grafting for breast reconstruction: a systematic review with meta-analysis of oncological outcomes. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2015;68:143–61.CrossRefPubMed Agha RA, Fowler AJ, Herlin C, Goodacre TE, Orgill DP. Use of autologous fat grafting for breast reconstruction: a systematic review with meta-analysis of oncological outcomes. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2015;68:143–61.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Steiert AE, Boyce M, Sorg H. Capsular contracture by silicone breast implants: possible causes, biocompatibility, and prophylactic strategies. Med Devices (Auckl). 2013;6:211–8. Steiert AE, Boyce M, Sorg H. Capsular contracture by silicone breast implants: possible causes, biocompatibility, and prophylactic strategies. Med Devices (Auckl). 2013;6:211–8.
22.
go back to reference Spear SL, Murphy DK. Allergan silicone breast implant U.S. Core clinical study group. Natrelle round silicone breast implants: Core study results at 10 years. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;133:1354–61.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Spear SL, Murphy DK. Allergan silicone breast implant U.S. Core clinical study group. Natrelle round silicone breast implants: Core study results at 10 years. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;133:1354–61.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
go back to reference Bajaj AK, Chevray PM, Chang DW. Comparison of donor-site complications and functional outcomes in free muscle-sparing TRAM flap and free DIEP flap breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117:737–46. discussion 747CrossRefPubMed Bajaj AK, Chevray PM, Chang DW. Comparison of donor-site complications and functional outcomes in free muscle-sparing TRAM flap and free DIEP flap breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117:737–46. discussion 747CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Matros E, Albornoz CR, Razdan SN, Mehrara BJ, Macadam SA, Ro T, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of implants versus autologous perforator flaps using the BREAST-Q. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;135:937–46.CrossRefPubMed Matros E, Albornoz CR, Razdan SN, Mehrara BJ, Macadam SA, Ro T, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of implants versus autologous perforator flaps using the BREAST-Q. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;135:937–46.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, Shekelle P, Stewart LA. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and metaanalysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4:1–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, Shekelle P, Stewart LA. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and metaanalysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4:1–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
go back to reference Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, Moher D, Becker BJ, Sipe TA, Thacker SB. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283:2008–12.CrossRefPubMed Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, Moher D, Becker BJ, Sipe TA, Thacker SB. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283:2008–12.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, Juni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011;343:d5928.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, Juni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011;343:d5928.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
go back to reference Sterne JA, Hernan MA, Reeves BC, Savovic J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sterne JA, Hernan MA, Reeves BC, Savovic J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
go back to reference Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.2; 2012 Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.2; 2012
31.
go back to reference Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, Eccles M, Falck-Ytter Y, Flottorp S, et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004;328: 1490 Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, Eccles M, Falck-Ytter Y, Flottorp S, et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004;328: 1490
Metadata
Title
Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis on the clinical outcomes and cost of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap versus implants for breast reconstruction
Authors
Ankur Khajuria
Oliver J. Smith
Maxim Prokopenko
Maximillian Greenfield
Afshin Mosahebi
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Systematic Reviews / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 2046-4053
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0628-y

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

Systematic Reviews 1/2017 Go to the issue