Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Trials
Published in: Trials 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Study protocol

Comparative effects of Yi Jin Jing versus Tai Chi exercise training on benign prostatic hyperplasia-related outcomes in older adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Authors: XiangYun Liu, Guoyuan Huang, Peijie Chen, Yong Li, JiuLin Xiang, Ting Chen, Ru Wang

Published in: Trials | Issue 1/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) occur very commonly in older men. BPH and LUTS cause substantial physical and psychological impairment that could seriously affect the quality of late life and greatly cost the health-care systems. Current surgical and pharmacological therapies are expensive, may not effectively improve prostate function and health but cause adverse effects. There is an urgent need to find new and effective non-pharmacological preventions and treatments. Yi Jin Jing and Tai Chi are two common traditional Chinese mind–body exercises with different movements and techniques, but both emphasize regulating functional homeostasis and keeping whole body harmony. Yi Jin Jing and Tai Chi have not been studied much for potentially use in the treatment of BPH-related problems. The primary purpose of this protocol is to assess the effectiveness of Yi Jin Jing versus Tai Chi on the monographic and functional changes of prostate in older men.

Methods/Design

A prospective single-center randomized controlled trial will be conducted. A total of 150 old men (60–70 years old) will be recruited from the urban tertiary of Shanghai, China. Of these, 50 eligible participants will be randomly assigned to a control group and two intervention groups with either Yi Jin Jing or Tai Chi exercise training. They will undergo 30 minutes for each exercise for five times a week for 6 months. The primary outcomes are changes of signs and symptoms in BPH and lower urinary tract from baseline to post-intervention. The main secondary outcomes are exercise-induced effects on the circulating levels of estrogen and androgen. All the outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, immediately after the 6-month intervention, and at the 3-month post-intervention follow-up.

Discussion

This proposed study will be the first comparative randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Yi Jin Jing versus Tai Chi exercise on prostate health among older adults. The results will provide an evidence-based recommendation for Chinese older men on the use of Yi Jin Jing and Tai Chi training to promote prostatic function and health. Potential mechanisms for the regulatory effect of the two exercises elucidated by multiple outcomes are also explored. A clarification of the effects and mechanisms may provide information for the development of new strategies in the prevention and treatment of BPH-related conditions.

Trial registration

Chinese registry (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR)) Identifier: ChiCTR-IOR-16007698. This trial was registered on 4 January 2016.
Literature
1.
O’Malley KJ, Dhir R, Nelson JB, Bost J, Lin Y, Wang Z. The expression of androgen-responsive genes is up-regulated in the epithelia of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate. 2009;69:1716–23.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
3.
Sausville J, Naslund M. Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: an overview for primary care physicians. Int J Clin Pract. 2010;64:1740–5.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Shi Q, Jiang N, Wang GZ, Zhao YL, Zhang J, Li J, Gu Y, Xu MQ, Ma J. Epidemiological survey of BPH in men over 50 years old in Pu Dong new area. Chin J Androl. 2006;20:36–8.
5.
Roehrborn CG. Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Med Clin North Am. 2011;95:87–100.CrossRefPubMed
6.
7.
Lepor H. Pathophysiology, epidemiology, and natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Rev Urol. 2004;6 Suppl 9:S3–10.
8.
Parsons JK. Lifestyle factors, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms. Curr Opin Urol. 2011;21:1–4.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Barnard RJ, Kobayashi N, Aronson WJ. Effect of diet and exercise intervention on the growth of prostate epithelial cells. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2008;11:362–6.CrossRefPubMed
10.
11.
Bonn SE, Sjölander A, Lagerros YT, Wiklund F, Stattin P, Holmberg E, Grönberg H, Bälter K. Physical activity and survival among men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015;24:57–64.
12.
Antonelli JA, Jones LW, Bañez LL, Thomas JA, Anderson K, Taylor LA, Gerber L, Anderson T, Hoyo C, Grant D, Freedland SJ. Exercise and prostate cancer risk in a cohort of veterans undergoing prostate needle biopsy. J Urol. 2009;182:2226–31.
13.
14.
15.
Platz EA, Kawachi I, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Giovannucci E. Physical activity and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2349–56.
16.
Fowke JH, Phillips S, Koyama T, Byerly S, Concepcion R, Motley SS, Clark PE. Association between physical activity, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and prostate volume. BJU Int. 2013;111:122–8.
17.
Parsons JK, Kashefi C. Physical activity, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms. Eur Urol. 2008;53:1228–35.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Lagiou A, Samoli E, Georgila C, Minaki P, Barbouni A, Tzonou A, Trichopoulos D, Lagiou P. Occupational physical activity in relation with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2008;17:336–9.
19.
Raheem OA, Parsons JK. Associations of obesity, physical activity and diet with benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms. Curr Opin Urol. 2014;24:10–4.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Wang C, McAlindon T, Fielding RA, Harvey WF, Driban JB, Price LL, Kalish R, Scott TM, Schmid CH. A novel comparative effectiveness study of Tai Chi versus aerobic exercise for fibromyalgia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2015;16:34.
21.
Lee MS, Jun JH, Lim HJ, Lim HS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of tai chi for treating type 2 diabetes. Maturitas. 2015;80:14–23.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhou L, Chen K, Jin H, Zou Y, Li Z. Applying Tai Chi as a rehabilitation program for stroke patients in the recovery phase: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2014;15:484.
23.
Wang XQ, Huang LY, Liu Y, Li JX, Wu X, Li HP, Wang L. Effects of tai chi program on neuromuscular function for patients with knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2013;14:375.
24.
Yang Y, Hao YL, Tian WJ, Gong L, Zhang K, Shi QG, Sun DF, Li CL, Zhao ZL. The effectiveness of Tai Chi for patients with Parkinson’s disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2015;16:111.
25.
Gao Q, Leung A, Yang Y, Wei Q, Guan M, Jia C, He C. Effects of Tai Chi on balance and fall prevention in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2014;28:748–53.
26.
Cheon SM, Chae BK, Sung HR, Lee GC, Kim JW. The efficacy of exercise programs for Parkinson’s disease: Tai Chi versus combined exercise. J Clin Neurol. 2013;9:237–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Yeh GY, Wayne PM, Litrownik D, Roberts DH, Davis RB, Moy ML. Tai chi mind-body exercise in patients with COPD: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2014;15:337.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Niu R, He R, Luo BL, Hu C. The effect of Tai Chi on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot randomized study of lung function, exercise capacity and diaphragm strength. Heart Lung Circ. 2014;23:347–52.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Jung S, Lee EN, Lee SR, Kim MS, Lee MS. Tai Chi for lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life in elderly patients with benign prostate hypertrophy: a randomized controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:624692.PubMed
30.
Wang YX, Fang G. The effect of persistent taiqiquan exercise on the quantitative ultrasound parameter of calcaneum and male hormone for aged males. J Cap Inst Phys Educ. 2007;19:53–5.
31.
Wang Y, Liu LX. The contribution of “Yi Jin Jing” on the theory of Chinese medicine. Chin J Basic Med Tradit Chin Med. 2010;16:111–3.
32.
Liu MC. Shao lin da-mo yi jin jing. J Nurs. 2010;57:20–8.
33.
Zheng Y. Beneficial effects of “Yi Jin Jing” on persons’ physique. J Hebei United University (Health Sciences). 2012;14:175–6.
34.
Wang GL, Shi AQ, Xiang HP, Lei B, Deng C. Influences of traditional and newly compiled health qigong yi jin jing on automatic nerve system. J Wuhan Inst Phys Educ. 2009;43:41–5.
35.
Cheng QL, Du SW, Zhang WC, Zhou MF. The effects of health Qigong (Yi Jinjing) on middle-aged and elderly persons’ physique. J Beijing Sport Univ. 2006;29:1516–7.
36.
Wu QH, Zhang WC, Xu YM, Chen XF, Zhong ZB. Effect of qigong (yi jin jing) on the body’s serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the elders. Chin J Gerontol. 2009;29:3185–6.
37.
Liu XD, Jin HZ. Effect of fitness Qigong (Yi Jinjing) on blood lipid and free radical metabolism of the elder women. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm. 2010;25:1480–2.
38.
Zhang WC, Zhong ZB, Wu QH, Chen XF, Wang SY, Zhang Y. A research on health qigong-yi jin jing for slowing down intelligence decline of the aged. Chin J of Behavioral Med Sci. 2006;15:827–8.
39.
Shi AQ, Li AM, Wang GL, Xiang HP, Lei B. Influence of the older’s psychology and physiology by practicing Yi JinJing (fitness Qigong). J Chengdu Sport Univ. 2005;31:95–7.
40.
Zhong ZB, Zhang WC, Wang ZF. Effect of Qigong (Yi Jinjing) on the mental health of the elderly. Chin J Behavioral Med Sci. 2006;15:850–1.
41.
Liu YJ. The study yi jin jing and tai ji quan influence of depression on university students. Sichuan Sports Sci. 2013;6:49–51.
42.
Liu XY, Xu YW, Xie CH, Wang JJ, Pan Q, Gui B, Sun ZY. Possible mechanism of benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by androgen–estrogen ratios in castrated rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2010;42:312–7.
43.
Hays RD, Morales LS. The RAND-36 measure of health-related quality of life. Ann Med. 2001;33:350–7.CrossRefPubMed
44.
General Assembly of the World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. J Am Coll Dent. 2014;81:14–8.
45.
Russo A, La Croce G, Capogrosso P, Ventimiglia E, Colicchia M, Serino A, Mirone V, Damiano R, Montorsi F, Salonia A. Latest pharmacotherapy options for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014;15:2319–28.
46.
Ficarra V, Rossanese M, Zazzara M, Giannarini G, Abbinante M, Bartoletti R, Mirone V, Scaglione F. The role of inflammation in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its potential impact on medical therapy. Curr Urol Rep. 2014;15:463.
47.
Reich O, Gratzke C, Stief CG. Techniques and long-term results of surgical procedures for BPH. Eur Urol. 2006;49:970–8.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Han HH, Ko WJ, Yoo TK, Oh TH, Kim DY, Kwon DD, Byun SS, Kim SI, Jung TY. Factors associated with continuing medical therapy after transurethral resection of prostate. Urology. 2014;84:675–80.
49.
Poon KS, McVary KT. Dietary patterns, supplement use, and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Curr Urol Rep. 2009;10:279–86.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Schoenfeld MJ, Shortridge EF, Gelwicks SC, Cui Z, Wong DG. Treatment patterns in alpha-blocker therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Am J Mens Health. 2014;8:267–72.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Meigs JB, Mohr B, Barry MJ, Collins MM, McKinlay JB. Risk factors for clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia in a community-based population of healthy aging men. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54:935–44.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Comparative effects of Yi Jin Jing versus Tai Chi exercise training on benign prostatic hyperplasia-related outcomes in older adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors
XiangYun Liu
Guoyuan Huang
Peijie Chen
Yong Li
JiuLin Xiang
Ting Chen
Ru Wang
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Trials / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1745-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1448-4

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

Trials 1/2016 Go to the issue

Study protocol

Effect of virtual reality exposure therapy on social participation in people with a psychotic disorder (VRETp): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Letter

Adjuvant therapies in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: moving forward from the STORM

Study protocol

A multicenter randomized controlled open-label trial to assess the efficacy of compound kushen injection in combination with single-agent chemotherapy in treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Research

A European multi-language initiative to make the general population aware of independent clinical research: the European Communication on Research Awareness Need project

Study protocol

A high-selenium lentil dietary intervention in Bangladesh to counteract arsenic toxicity: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Research

A survey of facilitators and barriers to recruitment to the MAGNETIC trial