Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Trials 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Study protocol

Rehab-let: touchscreen tablet for self-training impaired dexterity post stroke: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

Authors: Debbie Rand, Gabi Zeilig, Rachel Kizony

Published in: Trials | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Impaired dexterity of the weaker upper extremity is common post stroke and it is recommended that these individuals practice many repetitions of movement to regain function. However, stroke rehabilitation methods do not achieve the required intensity to be effective. Touchscreen tablet technology may be used as a motivating tool for self-training impaired dexterity of the weaker upper extremity post stroke.

Methods/Design

Rehab-let is a self-training protocol utilizing game apps on a touchscreen for practicing movement of the weaker upper extremity. We will conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial to assess Rehab-let compared to traditional self-training to improve dexterity of the weaker hand, and to increase self-training time and satisfaction in individuals with subacute stroke. Forty individuals with stroke undergoing subacute rehabilitation will be randomly allocated to Rehab-let or a traditional self-training program using therapeutic aids such as balls, blocks and pegs. All participants will be requested to perform self-training for 60 minutes a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Dexterity assessed by The Nine Hole Peg Test is the main outcome measure. Assessments will be administered pre and post the self-training intervention by assessors blind to the group allocation.

Discussion

The outcomes of this study will inform the design of a fully powered randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Rehab-let. If found to be effective, Rehab-let can be used during subacute rehabilitation to increase treatment intensity and improve dexterity. Potentially, Rehab-let can also be used after discharge and might be ideal for individuals with mild stroke who are often not referred to formal rehabilitation.

Trial Registration

Current Controlled Trials NCT02136433 registered on 17 September 2014.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Wade DT, Langton-Hewer R, Wood VA, Skilbeck CE, Ismail HM. The hemiplegic arm after stroke: measurement and recovery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 1983;46:521–4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wade DT, Langton-Hewer R, Wood VA, Skilbeck CE, Ismail HM. The hemiplegic arm after stroke: measurement and recovery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 1983;46:521–4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
go back to reference Broeks JG, Lankhorst GJ, Rumping K, Prevo AJH. The long term outcome of arm function after stroke: results of a follow-up. Disabil Rehabil. 1999;21:357–64.CrossRefPubMed Broeks JG, Lankhorst GJ, Rumping K, Prevo AJH. The long term outcome of arm function after stroke: results of a follow-up. Disabil Rehabil. 1999;21:357–64.CrossRefPubMed
3.
4.
go back to reference Liepert J, Baunder H, Wolfgang HR, Miltner WH, Taub E, Weiller C. Treatment-induced cortical reorganization after stroke in humans. Stroke. 2000;31:1210–6.CrossRefPubMed Liepert J, Baunder H, Wolfgang HR, Miltner WH, Taub E, Weiller C. Treatment-induced cortical reorganization after stroke in humans. Stroke. 2000;31:1210–6.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Lang CE, MacDonald JR, Gnip C. Counting repetitions: an observational study of outpatient therapy for people with hemiparesis post-stroke. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2007;31:3–10.CrossRefPubMed Lang CE, MacDonald JR, Gnip C. Counting repetitions: an observational study of outpatient therapy for people with hemiparesis post-stroke. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2007;31:3–10.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Kaur G, English C, Hillier S. How physically active are people with stroke in therapy sessions aimed at improving motor function? A systematic review. Stroke Res Treatment. 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/820673. Kaur G, English C, Hillier S. How physically active are people with stroke in therapy sessions aimed at improving motor function? A systematic review. Stroke Res Treatment. 2012. doi:10.​1155/​2012/​820673.
7.
go back to reference Bernhardt J, Chan J, Nicola I, Collier J. Little therapy, little physical activity: rehabilitation within the first 14 days of organized stroke unit care. J Rehabil Med. 2007;39:43–8.CrossRefPubMed Bernhardt J, Chan J, Nicola I, Collier J. Little therapy, little physical activity: rehabilitation within the first 14 days of organized stroke unit care. J Rehabil Med. 2007;39:43–8.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Harris JE, Eng JJ, Miller WC, Dawson AS. A self-administered Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP) improves arm function during inpatient stroke rehabilitation: a multi-site randomized controlled trial. Stroke. 2009;40:2123–8.CrossRefPubMed Harris JE, Eng JJ, Miller WC, Dawson AS. A self-administered Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP) improves arm function during inpatient stroke rehabilitation: a multi-site randomized controlled trial. Stroke. 2009;40:2123–8.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Barker RN. Upper limb recovery after stroke: the stroke survivors' perspective. Disabil Rehabil. 2005;27:1213–23.CrossRefPubMed Barker RN. Upper limb recovery after stroke: the stroke survivors' perspective. Disabil Rehabil. 2005;27:1213–23.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Rahmani E, Boren SA. Videogames and health improvement: a literature review of randomized controlled trials. Games for Health J ResDev Clin Applications. 2012;1:5. Rahmani E, Boren SA. Videogames and health improvement: a literature review of randomized controlled trials. Games for Health J ResDev Clin Applications. 2012;1:5.
11.
go back to reference Henderson A, Korner-Bitensky N, Levin M. Virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review of its effectiveness for upper limb motor recovery. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2007;14:52–61.CrossRefPubMed Henderson A, Korner-Bitensky N, Levin M. Virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review of its effectiveness for upper limb motor recovery. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2007;14:52–61.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Saposnik G, Teasell R, Mamdani M, et al. Effectiveness of virtual reality using Wii gaming technology in stroke rehabilitation: a pilot randomized clinical trial and proof of principle. Stroke. 2010;41:1477–84.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Saposnik G, Teasell R, Mamdani M, et al. Effectiveness of virtual reality using Wii gaming technology in stroke rehabilitation: a pilot randomized clinical trial and proof of principle. Stroke. 2010;41:1477–84.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
go back to reference Rand D, Givon N, Weingarden H, Nota A, Zeilig G. Eliciting upper extremity purposeful movements using video games: a comparison with traditional therapy for stroke rehabilitation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2014;28:733–9.CrossRefPubMed Rand D, Givon N, Weingarden H, Nota A, Zeilig G. Eliciting upper extremity purposeful movements using video games: a comparison with traditional therapy for stroke rehabilitation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2014;28:733–9.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Rand D, Eng JJ. Disparity between functional recovery and daily use of the upper and lower extremities during subacute stroke rehabilitation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2012;26:76–84.CrossRefPubMed Rand D, Eng JJ. Disparity between functional recovery and daily use of the upper and lower extremities during subacute stroke rehabilitation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2012;26:76–84.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Rand D, Eng JJ. Predicting daily use of the affected upper extremity 1 year after stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015;24:274–83.CrossRefPubMed Rand D, Eng JJ. Predicting daily use of the affected upper extremity 1 year after stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015;24:274–83.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Barnard Y, Bradley MD, Hodgson F, Lloyd AD. Learning to use new technologies by older adults: perceived difficulties, experimentation behaviour and usability. Comput Hum Behav. 2013;29:1715–24.CrossRef Barnard Y, Bradley MD, Hodgson F, Lloyd AD. Learning to use new technologies by older adults: perceived difficulties, experimentation behaviour and usability. Comput Hum Behav. 2013;29:1715–24.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Zhong B. From smartphones to iPad: power users’ disposition toward mobile media devices. Comput Hum Behav. 2013;29:1742–8.CrossRef Zhong B. From smartphones to iPad: power users’ disposition toward mobile media devices. Comput Hum Behav. 2013;29:1742–8.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference White J, Janssen H, Jordan L, Pollack M. Tablet technology during stroke recovery: a survivor's perspective. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;0:1–7. White J, Janssen H, Jordan L, Pollack M. Tablet technology during stroke recovery: a survivor's perspective. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;0:1–7.
20.
go back to reference Saposnik G, Chow CM, Gladstone D, Cheung D, Brawer E, Thorpe KE, et al. iHOME Research Team for the Stroke Outcomes Research Canada Working Group. iPad technology for home rehabilitation after stroke (iHOME): a proof-of-concept randomized trial. Int J Stroke. 2014;9:956–62.CrossRefPubMed Saposnik G, Chow CM, Gladstone D, Cheung D, Brawer E, Thorpe KE, et al. iHOME Research Team for the Stroke Outcomes Research Canada Working Group. iPad technology for home rehabilitation after stroke (iHOME): a proof-of-concept randomized trial. Int J Stroke. 2014;9:956–62.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–98.CrossRefPubMed Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–98.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Connell LA, McMahon NE, Harris JE, Watkins CL, Eng JJ. A formative evaluation of the implementation of an upper limb stroke rehabilitation intervention in clinical practice: a qualitative interview study. Implement Sci. 2014;9:90.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Connell LA, McMahon NE, Harris JE, Watkins CL, Eng JJ. A formative evaluation of the implementation of an upper limb stroke rehabilitation intervention in clinical practice: a qualitative interview study. Implement Sci. 2014;9:90.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
go back to reference Oxford GK. Adult norms for a commercially available Nine Hole Peg Test for finger dexterity. Am J Occup Ther. 2003;57:570–3.CrossRef Oxford GK. Adult norms for a commercially available Nine Hole Peg Test for finger dexterity. Am J Occup Ther. 2003;57:570–3.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Croarkin E. Evidence-based rating of upper-extremity motor function tests used for people following a stroke. Phys Ther. 2004;84:62–74.PubMed Croarkin E. Evidence-based rating of upper-extremity motor function tests used for people following a stroke. Phys Ther. 2004;84:62–74.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Mathiowetz V, Weber K, Volland G, Kashman N. Reliability and validity of grip and pinch strength evaluations. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1884;9:6–22. Mathiowetz V, Weber K, Volland G, Kashman N. Reliability and validity of grip and pinch strength evaluations. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1884;9:6–22.
26.
go back to reference Fugl-Meyer AR, Jääskö L, Leyman I, Olsson S, Steglind S. The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. a method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1975;7:13–31.PubMed Fugl-Meyer AR, Jääskö L, Leyman I, Olsson S, Steglind S. The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. a method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1975;7:13–31.PubMed
27.
go back to reference Lyle RC. A performance test for assessment of upper limb function in physical rehabilitation treatment and research. Int J Rehabil Res. 1981;4:483–92.CrossRefPubMed Lyle RC. A performance test for assessment of upper limb function in physical rehabilitation treatment and research. Int J Rehabil Res. 1981;4:483–92.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Wewers ME, Lowe NK. A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Res Nurs Health. 1990;13:227–36.CrossRefPubMed Wewers ME, Lowe NK. A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Res Nurs Health. 1990;13:227–36.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Brooke J. SUS - A quick and dirty usability scale. In: Jordan PW, Thomas B, Weerdmeester BA, McClelland IL, editors. Usability evaluation in industry. London: Taylor & Francis; 1995. p. 189–94. Brooke J. SUS - A quick and dirty usability scale. In: Jordan PW, Thomas B, Weerdmeester BA, McClelland IL, editors. Usability evaluation in industry. London: Taylor & Francis; 1995. p. 189–94.
30.
go back to reference Keith RA, Granger CV, Hamilton BB, Sherwin FS. The functional independence measure: a new tool for rehabilitation. Adv Clin Rehabil. 1987;1:6–18.PubMed Keith RA, Granger CV, Hamilton BB, Sherwin FS. The functional independence measure: a new tool for rehabilitation. Adv Clin Rehabil. 1987;1:6–18.PubMed
31.
go back to reference Chen HM, Chen CC, Hsueh IP, Huang SL, Hsieh CL. Test-retest reproducibility and smallest real difference of 5 hand function tests in patients with stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009;23:435–40.CrossRefPubMed Chen HM, Chen CC, Hsueh IP, Huang SL, Hsieh CL. Test-retest reproducibility and smallest real difference of 5 hand function tests in patients with stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009;23:435–40.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Nysa GM, Zandvoor MJ, Kort PL. Jansen B, deHann EH, Kappelle LJ, et al. Cognitive Dis acute stroke: Prevalence Clin Determinants Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;23:408–16. Nysa GM, Zandvoor MJ, Kort PL. Jansen B, deHann EH, Kappelle LJ, et al. Cognitive Dis acute stroke: Prevalence Clin Determinants Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;23:408–16.
33.
go back to reference Rothwell PM, Coull AJ, Giles MF, et al. Change in stroke incidence, mortality, case-fatality, severity, and risk factors in Oxfordshire, UK from 1981 to 2004 (Oxford vascular study). Lancet. 2004;363:1925–33.CrossRefPubMed Rothwell PM, Coull AJ, Giles MF, et al. Change in stroke incidence, mortality, case-fatality, severity, and risk factors in Oxfordshire, UK from 1981 to 2004 (Oxford vascular study). Lancet. 2004;363:1925–33.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Dennis MS, Bamford JM, Sandercock PA, et al. A comparison of risk factors and prognosis for transient ischemic attacks and minor ischemic strokes: the Oxfordshire community stroke project. Stroke. 1989;20:1494–9.CrossRefPubMed Dennis MS, Bamford JM, Sandercock PA, et al. A comparison of risk factors and prognosis for transient ischemic attacks and minor ischemic strokes: the Oxfordshire community stroke project. Stroke. 1989;20:1494–9.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Carlsson G, Moller A, Blomstrand C. A qualitative study of the consequences of “hidden dysfunctions” one year after a mild stroke in persons < 75 years. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26:1373–80.CrossRefPubMed Carlsson G, Moller A, Blomstrand C. A qualitative study of the consequences of “hidden dysfunctions” one year after a mild stroke in persons < 75 years. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26:1373–80.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Edwards DF, Hahn M, Baum C, et al. The impact of mild stroke on meaningful activity and life satisfaction. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006;15:151–7.CrossRefPubMed Edwards DF, Hahn M, Baum C, et al. The impact of mild stroke on meaningful activity and life satisfaction. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006;15:151–7.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Duncan P, Samsa G, Weinberger M, et al. Health status of individuals with mild stroke. Stroke. 1997;28:740–5.CrossRefPubMed Duncan P, Samsa G, Weinberger M, et al. Health status of individuals with mild stroke. Stroke. 1997;28:740–5.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Hoffmann TC et al. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ. 2014;348:g1687.CrossRefPubMed Hoffmann TC et al. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ. 2014;348:g1687.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Rehab-let: touchscreen tablet for self-training impaired dexterity post stroke: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors
Debbie Rand
Gabi Zeilig
Rachel Kizony
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Trials / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1745-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0796-9

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

Trials 1/2015 Go to the issue