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Breast Cancer Research
Published in: Breast Cancer Research 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

Anthropometric measures and serum estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study

Authors: Hannah Oh, Sally B. Coburn, Charles E. Matthews, Roni T. Falk, Erin S. LeBlanc, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Joshua Sampson, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Louise A. Brinton, Nicolas Wentzensen, Garnet L. Anderson, JoAnn E. Manson, Chu Chen, Oleg Zaslavsky, Xia Xu, Britton Trabert

Published in: Breast Cancer Research | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Background

Several anthropometric measures have been associated with hormone-related cancers. However, it is unknown whether estrogen metabolism plays an important role in these relationships. We examined whether measured current body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), height, and self-reported BMI at age 18 years were associated with serum estrogens/estrogen metabolites using baseline, cross-sectional data from 1835 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study.

Methods

Fifteen estrogens/estrogen metabolites were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Geometric means (GMs) of estrogens/estrogen metabolites (in picomoles per liter) were estimated using inverse probability weighted linear regression, adjusting for potential confounders and stratified on menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use.

Results

Among never or former MHT users, current BMI (≥30 vs. <25 kg/m2) was positively associated with parent estrogens (multivariable adjusted GM 432 vs. 239 pmol/L for estrone, 74 vs. 46 pmol/L for estradiol; p-trend < 0.001 for both) and all of the 2-, 4-, and 16-pathway estrogen metabolites evaluated (all p-trend ≤ 0.02). After additional adjustment for estradiol, unconjugated methylated 2-catechols were inversely associated (e.g., 2-methoxyestrone multivariable GM 9.3 vs. 12.0 pmol/L; p-trend < 0.001). Among current MHT users, current BMI was not associated with parent estrogens but was inversely associated with methylated catechols (e.g., 2-methoxyestrone multivariable GM 216 vs. 280 pmol/L; p-trend = 0.008). Similar patterns of association were found with WHR; however, the associations were not independent of BMI. Height and BMI at age 18 years were not associated with postmenopausal estrogens/estrogen metabolite levels.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that postmenopausal BMI is associated with increased circulating levels of parent estrogens and reduced methylation of catechol estrogen metabolites, the estrogen metabolism patterns that have previously been associated with higher breast cancer risk.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Anthropometric measures and serum estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study
Authors
Hannah Oh
Sally B. Coburn
Charles E. Matthews
Roni T. Falk
Erin S. LeBlanc
Jean Wactawski-Wende
Joshua Sampson
Ruth M. Pfeiffer
Louise A. Brinton
Nicolas Wentzensen
Garnet L. Anderson
JoAnn E. Manson
Chu Chen
Oleg Zaslavsky
Xia Xu
Britton Trabert
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Breast Cancer Research / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1465-542X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-017-0810-0

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