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Breast Cancer Research
Published in: Breast Cancer Research 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

PIK3CA mutations are common in lobular carcinoma in situ, but are not a biomarker of progression

Authors: Vandna Shah, Salpie Nowinski, Dina Levi, Irek Shinomiya, Narda Kebaier Ep Chaabouni, Cheryl Gillett, Anita Grigoriadis, Trevor A. Graham, Rebecca Roylance, Michael A. Simpson, Sarah E. Pinder, Elinor J. Sawyer

Published in: Breast Cancer Research | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Background

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a non-invasive breast lesion that is typically found incidentally on biopsy and is often associated with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). LCIS is considered by some to be a risk factor for future breast cancer rather than a true precursor lesion. The aim of this study was to identify genetic changes that could be used as biomarkers of progression of LCIS to invasive disease using cases of pure LCIS and comparing their genetic profiles to LCIS which presented contemporaneously with associated ILC, on the hypothesis that the latter represents LCIS that has already progressed.

Methods

Somatic copy number aberrations (SCNAs) were assessed by SNP array in three subgroups: pure LCIS, LCIS associated with ILC and the paired ILC. In addition exome sequencing was performed on seven fresh frozen samples of LCIS associated with ILC, to identify recurrent somatic mutations.

Results

The copy number profiles of pure LCIS and LCIS associated with ILC were almost identical. However, four SCNAs were more frequent in ILC than LCIS associated with ILC, including gain/amplification of CCND1. CCND1 protein over-expression assessed by immunohistochemical analysis in a second set of samples from 32 patients with pure LCIS and long-term follow up, was associated with invasive recurrence (P = 0.02, Fisher’s exact test). Exome sequencing revealed that PIK3CA mutations were as frequent as CDH1 mutations in LCIS, but were not a useful biomarker of LCIS progression as they were as frequent in pure LCIS as in LCIS associated with ILC. We also observed heterogeneity of PIK3CA mutations and evidence of sub-clonal populations in LCIS irrespective of whether they were associated with ILC.

Conclusions

Our data shows that pure LCIS and LCIS co-existing with ILC have very similar SCNA profiles, supporting the hypothesis that LCIS is a true precursor lesion. We have provided evidence that over-expression of CCND1 may identify a subgroup of patients with pure LCIS who are more likely to develop invasive disease, in contrast to PIK3CA mutations, which occur too early in lobular tumorigenesis to be informative.
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Metadata
Title
PIK3CA mutations are common in lobular carcinoma in situ, but are not a biomarker of progression
Authors
Vandna Shah
Salpie Nowinski
Dina Levi
Irek Shinomiya
Narda Kebaier Ep Chaabouni
Cheryl Gillett
Anita Grigoriadis
Trevor A. Graham
Rebecca Roylance
Michael A. Simpson
Sarah E. Pinder
Elinor J. Sawyer
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Breast Cancer Research / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1465-542X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-016-0789-y

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