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Open Access 01-12-2020 | Cardiogenic Shock | Research

Impact of concomitant vasoactive treatment and mechanical left ventricular unloading in a porcine model of profound cardiogenic shock

Authors: Nanna L. J. Udesen, Ole K. L. Helgestad, Ann B. S. Banke, Peter H. Frederiksen, Jakob Josiassen, Lisette O. Jensen, Henrik Schmidt, Elazer R. Edelman, Brian Y. Chang, Hanne B. Ravn, Jacob E. Møller

Published in: Critical Care | Issue 1/2020

Abstract

Background

Concomitant vasoactive drugs are often required to maintain adequate perfusion pressure in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cardiogenic shock (CS) receiving hemodynamic support with an axial flow pump (Impella CP).

Objective

To compare the effect of equipotent dosages of epinephrine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine on cardiac work and end-organ perfusion in a porcine model of profound ischemic CS supported with an Impella CP.

Methods

CS was induced in 10 pigs by stepwise intracoronary injection of polyvinyl microspheres. Hemodynamic support with Impella CP was initiated followed by blinded crossover to vasoactive treatment with norepinephrine (0.10 μg/kg/min), epinephrine (0.10 μg/kg/min), or dopamine (10 μg/kg/min) for 30 min each. At the end of the study, phenylephrine (10 μg/kg/min) was administered for 20 min. The primary outcome was cardiac workload, a product of pressure-volume area (PVA) and heart rate (HR), measured using the conductance catheter technique. End-organ perfusion was assessed by measuring venous oxygen saturation from the pulmonary artery (SvO₂), jugular bulb, and renal vein. Treatment effects were evaluated using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression.

Results

All catecholamines significantly increased LV stroke work and cardiac work, dopamine to the greatest extend by 341.8 × 10³ (mmHg × mL)/min [95% CI (174.1, 509.5), p < 0.0001], and SvO₂ significantly improved during all catecholamines. Phenylephrine, a vasoconstrictor, caused a significant increase in cardiac work by 437.8 × 10³ (mmHg × mL)/min [95% CI (297.9, 577.6), p < 0.0001] due to increase in potential energy (p = 0.001), but no significant change in LV stroke work. Also, phenylephrine tended to decrease SvO₂ (p = 0.063) and increased arterial lactate levels (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Catecholamines increased end-organ perfusion at the expense of increased cardiac work, most by dopamine. However, phenylephrine increased cardiac work with no increase in end-organ perfusion.

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Title: Impact of concomitant vasoactive treatment and mechanical left ventricular unloading in a porcine model of profound cardiogenic shock
Authors: Nanna L. J. Udesen
Ole K. L. Helgestad
Ann B. S. Banke
Peter H. Frederiksen
Jakob Josiassen
Lisette O. Jensen
Henrik Schmidt
Elazer R. Edelman
Brian Y. Chang
Hanne B. Ravn
Jacob E. Møller
Publication date: 01-12-2020
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Cardiogenic Shock
Myocardial Infarction
Cardiogenic Shock
Published in: Critical Care / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1364-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-2816-8

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Impact of concomitant vasoactive treatment and mechanical left ventricular unloading in a porcine model of profound cardiogenic shock

Abstract

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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