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Critical Care
Published in: Critical Care 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research

Protein S100 as outcome predictor after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and targeted temperature management at 33 °C and 36 °C

Authors: Pascal Stammet, Josef Dankiewicz, Niklas Nielsen, François Fays, Olivier Collignon, Christian Hassager, Michael Wanscher, Johan Undèn, Jorn Wetterslev, Tommaso Pellis, Anders Aneman, Jan Hovdenes, Matt P. Wise, Georges Gilson, David Erlinge, Janneke Horn, Tobias Cronberg, Michael Kuiper, Jesper Kjaergaard, Yvan Gasche, Yvan Devaux, Hans Friberg, Target Temperature Management after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM) trial investigators

Published in: Critical Care | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Background

We aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of S100 as an outcome predictor after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and the potential influence of two target temperatures (33 °C and 36 °C) on serum levels of S100.

Methods

This is a substudy of the Target Temperature Management after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM) trial. Serum levels of S100 were measured a posteriori in a core laboratory in samples collected at 24, 48, and 72 h after OHCA. Outcome at 6 months was assessed using the Cerebral Performance Categories Scale (CPC 1–2 = good outcome, CPC 3–5 = poor outcome).

Results

We included 687 patients from 29 sites in Europe. Median S100 values were higher in patients with a poor outcome at 24, 48, and 72 h: 0.19 (IQR 0.10–0.49) versus 0.08 (IQR 0.06–0.11) μg/ml, 0.16 (IQR 0.10–0.44) versus 0.07 (IQR 0.06–0.11) μg/L, and 0.13 (IQR 0.08–0.26) versus 0.06 (IQR 0.05–0.09) μg/L (p < 0.001), respectively. The ability to predict outcome was best at 24 h with an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.77–0.83). S100 values were higher at 24 and 72 h in the 33 °C group than in the 36 °C group (0.12 [0.07–0.22] versus 0.10 [0.07–0.21] μg/L and 0.09 [0.06–0.17] versus 0.08 [0.05–0.10], respectively) (p < 0.02). In multivariable analyses including baseline variables and the allocated target temperature, the addition of S100 improved the AUC from 0.80 to 0.84 (95% CI 0.81–0.87) (p < 0.001), but S100 was not an independent outcome predictor. Adding S100 to the same model including neuron-specific enolase (NSE) did not further improve the AUC.

Conclusions

The allocated target temperature did not affect S100 to a clinically relevant degree. High S100 values are predictive of poor outcome but do not add value to present prognostication models with or without NSE. S100 measured at 24 h and afterward is of limited value in clinical outcome prediction after OHCA.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01020916. Registered on 25 November 2009.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
Protein S100 as outcome predictor after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and targeted temperature management at 33 °C and 36 °C
Authors
Pascal Stammet
Josef Dankiewicz
Niklas Nielsen
François Fays
Olivier Collignon
Christian Hassager
Michael Wanscher
Johan Undèn
Jorn Wetterslev
Tommaso Pellis
Anders Aneman
Jan Hovdenes
Matt P. Wise
Georges Gilson
David Erlinge
Janneke Horn
Tobias Cronberg
Michael Kuiper
Jesper Kjaergaard
Yvan Gasche
Yvan Devaux
Hans Friberg
Target Temperature Management after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM) trial investigators
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Critical Care / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1364-8535
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-017-1729-7

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