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Critical Care
Published in: Critical Care 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research

Easily identified at-risk patients for extubation failure may benefit from noninvasive ventilation: a prospective before-after study

Authors: Arnaud W. Thille, Florence Boissier, Hassen Ben-Ghezala, Keyvan Razazi, Armand Mekontso-Dessap, Christian Brun-Buisson, Laurent Brochard

Published in: Critical Care | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

While studies have suggested that prophylactic noninvasive ventilation (NIV) could prevent post-extubation respiratory failure in the intensive care unit, they appear inconsistent with regard to reintubation. We assessed the impact of a prophylactic NIV protocol on reintubation in a large population of at-risk patients.

Methods

Prospective before-after study performed in the medical ICU of a teaching referral hospital. In the control cohort, we determined that patients older than 65 years and those with underlying cardiac or respiratory disease were at high-risk for reintubation. In the interventional cohort, we implemented a protocol using prophylactic NIV in all patients intubated at least 24 h and having one of these risk factors. NIV was immediately applied after planned extubation during at least the first 24 hours. Extubation failure was defined by the need for reintubation within seven days following extubation.

Results

We included 83 patients at high-risk among 132 extubated patients in the control cohort (12-month period) and 150 patients at high-risk among 225 extubated patients in the NIV cohort (18-month period). The reintubation rate was significantly decreased from 28 % in the control cohort (23/83) to 15 % (23/150) in the NIV cohort (p = 0.02 log-rank test), whereas the non-at-risk patients did not significantly differ in the two periods (10.2 % vs. 10.7 %, p = 0.93). After multivariate logistic-regression analysis, the use of prophylactic NIV protocol was independently associated with extubation success.

Conclusions

The implementation of prophylactic NIV after extubation may reduce the reintubation rate in a large population of patients with easily identified risk factors for extubation failure.
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Metadata
Title
Easily identified at-risk patients for extubation failure may benefit from noninvasive ventilation: a prospective before-after study
Authors
Arnaud W. Thille
Florence Boissier
Hassen Ben-Ghezala
Keyvan Razazi
Armand Mekontso-Dessap
Christian Brun-Buisson
Laurent Brochard
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Critical Care / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1364-8535
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-016-1228-2

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