Recognition of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during emergency calls — a systematic review of observational studies

go back to reference Wissenberg M, Lippert FK, Folke F, Weeke P, Hansen CM, Christensen EF, et al. Association of national initiatives to improve cardiac arrest management with rates of bystander intervention and patient survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA. 2013;310:1377–84. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.278483.CrossRefPubMed Wissenberg M, Lippert FK, Folke F, Weeke P, Hansen CM, Christensen EF, et al. Association of national initiatives to improve cardiac arrest management with rates of bystander intervention and patient survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA. 2013;310:1377–84. doi:10.​1001/​jama.​2013.​278483.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Sasson C, Rogers MA, Dahl J, Kellermann AL. Predictors of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010;3:63–81. doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.109.889576.CrossRefPubMed Sasson C, Rogers MA, Dahl J, Kellermann AL. Predictors of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010;3:63–81. doi:10.​1161/​circoutcomes.​109.​889576.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Hasselqvist-Ax I, Riva G, Herlitz J, Rosenqvist M, Hollenberg J, Nordberg P, et al. Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2307–15. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1405796.CrossRefPubMed Hasselqvist-Ax I, Riva G, Herlitz J, Rosenqvist M, Hollenberg J, Nordberg P, et al. Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2307–15. doi:10.​1056/​NEJMoa1405796.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Cummins RO, Ornato JP, Thies WH, Pepe PE. Improving survival from sudden cardiac arrest: the “chain of survival” concept. A statement for health professionals from the advanced cardiac life support subcommittee and the emergency cardiac care committee, american heart association. Circulation. 1991;83:1832–47.CrossRefPubMed Cummins RO, Ornato JP, Thies WH, Pepe PE. Improving survival from sudden cardiac arrest: the “chain of survival” concept. A statement for health professionals from the advanced cardiac life support subcommittee and the emergency cardiac care committee, american heart association. Circulation. 1991;83:1832–47.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Bobrow BJ, Panczyk M, Subido C. Dispatch-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: the anchor link in the chain of survival. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2012;18:228–33. doi:10.1097/MCC.0b013e328351736b.CrossRefPubMed Bobrow BJ, Panczyk M, Subido C. Dispatch-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: the anchor link in the chain of survival. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2012;18:228–33. doi:10.​1097/​MCC.​0b013e328351736b​.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Lewis M, Stubbs BA, Eisenberg MS. Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: time to identify cardiac arrest and deliver chest compression instructions. Circulation. 2013;128:1522–30. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002627.CrossRefPubMed Lewis M, Stubbs BA, Eisenberg MS. Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: time to identify cardiac arrest and deliver chest compression instructions. Circulation. 2013;128:1522–30. doi:10.​1161/​CIRCULATIONAHA.​113.​002627.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Berdowski J, Beekhuis F, Zwinderman AH, Tijssen JG, Koster RW. Importance of the first link: description and recognition of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in an emergency call. Circulation. 2009;119:2096–102. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.768325.CrossRefPubMed Berdowski J, Beekhuis F, Zwinderman AH, Tijssen JG, Koster RW. Importance of the first link: description and recognition of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in an emergency call. Circulation. 2009;119:2096–102. doi:10.​1161/​circulationaha.​108.​768325.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Culley LL, Clark JJ, Eisenberg MS, Larsen MP. Dispatcher-assisted telephone CPR: common delays and time standards for delivery. Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:362–6.CrossRefPubMed Culley LL, Clark JJ, Eisenberg MS, Larsen MP. Dispatcher-assisted telephone CPR: common delays and time standards for delivery. Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:362–6.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Vaillancourt C, Verma A, Trickett J, Crete D, Beaudoin T, Nesbitt L, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness of dispatch-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14:877–83. doi:10.1197/j.aem.2007.06.021.CrossRefPubMed Vaillancourt C, Verma A, Trickett J, Crete D, Beaudoin T, Nesbitt L, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness of dispatch-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14:877–83. doi:10.​1197/​j.​aem.​2007.​06.​021.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Rea TD, Eisenberg MS, Culley LL, Becker L. Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival in cardiac arrest. Circulation. 2001;104:2513–6.CrossRefPubMed Rea TD, Eisenberg MS, Culley LL, Becker L. Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival in cardiac arrest. Circulation. 2001;104:2513–6.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Zijlstra JA, Stieglis R, Riedijk F, Smeekes M, van der Worp WE, Koster RW. Local lay rescuers with AEDs, alerted by text messages, contribute to early defibrillation in a Dutch out-of-hospital cardiac arrest dispatch system. Resuscitation. 2014;85:1444–9. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.07.020.CrossRefPubMed Zijlstra JA, Stieglis R, Riedijk F, Smeekes M, van der Worp WE, Koster RW. Local lay rescuers with AEDs, alerted by text messages, contribute to early defibrillation in a Dutch out-of-hospital cardiac arrest dispatch system. Resuscitation. 2014;85:1444–9. doi:10.​1016/​j.​resuscitation.​2014.​07.​020.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Ringh M, Jonsson M, Nordberg P, Fredman D, Hasselqvist-Ax I, Håkansson F, et al. Survival after public access defibrillation in Stockholm, Sweden--a striking success. Resuscitation. 2015;91:1–7. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.02.032.CrossRefPubMed Ringh M, Jonsson M, Nordberg P, Fredman D, Hasselqvist-Ax I, Håkansson F, et al. Survival after public access defibrillation in Stockholm, Sweden--a striking success. Resuscitation. 2015;91:1–7. doi:10.​1016/​j.​resuscitation.​2015.​02.​032.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Nichol G, Thomas E, Callaway CW, Hedges J, Powell JL, Aufderheide TP, et al. Regional variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome. JAMA. 2008;300:1423–31. doi:10.1001/jama.300.12.1423.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Nichol G, Thomas E, Callaway CW, Hedges J, Powell JL, Aufderheide TP, et al. Regional variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome. JAMA. 2008;300:1423–31. doi:10.​1001/​jama.​300.​12.​1423.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Ma MH-M, Lu T-C, Ng JC-S, Lin C-H, Chiang W-C, Ko PC-I, et al. Evaluation of emergency medical dispatch in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Taipei. Resuscitation. 2007;73:236–45. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.09.005.CrossRefPubMed Ma MH-M, Lu T-C, Ng JC-S, Lin C-H, Chiang W-C, Ko PC-I, et al. Evaluation of emergency medical dispatch in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Taipei. Resuscitation. 2007;73:236–45. doi:10.​1016/​j.​resuscitation.​2006.​09.​005.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Sanson G, Verduno J, Zambon M, Trevi R, Caggegi GD, Di Bartolomeo S, et al. Emergency medical service treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Identification of weak links in the chain-of-survival through an epidemiological study. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2016;15:328–36. doi:10.1177/1474515115573365.CrossRefPubMed Sanson G, Verduno J, Zambon M, Trevi R, Caggegi GD, Di Bartolomeo S, et al. Emergency medical service treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Identification of weak links in the chain-of-survival through an epidemiological study. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2016;15:328–36. doi:10.​1177/​1474515115573365​.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009;339:b2535. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009;339:b2535. doi:10.​1136/​bmj.​b2535.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org. n.d. Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org. n.d.

go back to reference Whiting PF, Rutjes AWS, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:529–36. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009.CrossRefPubMed Whiting PF, Rutjes AWS, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:529–36. doi:10.​7326/​0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Garza AG, Gratton MC, Chen JJ, Carlson B. The accuracy of predicting cardiac arrest by emergency medical services dispatchers: the calling party effect. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10:955–60.CrossRefPubMed Garza AG, Gratton MC, Chen JJ, Carlson B. The accuracy of predicting cardiac arrest by emergency medical services dispatchers: the calling party effect. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10:955–60.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Bureau UC. Census.gov n.d. http://www.census.gov/. Accessed 11 Feb 2016. Bureau UC. Census.gov n.d. http://​www.​census.​gov/​. Accessed 11 Feb 2016.

go back to reference Hardeland C, Olasveengen TM, Lawrence R, Garrison D, Lorem T, Farstad G, et al. Comparison of medical priority dispatch (MPD) and criteria based dispatch (CBD) relating to cardiac arrest calls. Resuscitation. 2014;85:612–6. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.01.029.CrossRefPubMed Hardeland C, Olasveengen TM, Lawrence R, Garrison D, Lorem T, Farstad G, et al. Comparison of medical priority dispatch (MPD) and criteria based dispatch (CBD) relating to cardiac arrest calls. Resuscitation. 2014;85:612–6. doi:10.​1016/​j.​resuscitation.​2014.​01.​029.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Flynn J, Archer F, Morgans A. Sensitivity and specificity of the medical priority dispatch system in detecting cardiac arrest emergency calls in Melbourne. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2006;21:72–6.CrossRefPubMed Flynn J, Archer F, Morgans A. Sensitivity and specificity of the medical priority dispatch system in detecting cardiac arrest emergency calls in Melbourne. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2006;21:72–6.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Cairns KJ, Hamilton AJ, Marshall AH, Moore MJ, Adgey AAJ, Kee F. The obstacles to maximising the impact of public access defibrillation: an assessment of the dispatch mechanism for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Heart. 2008;94:349–53. doi:10.1136/hrt.2006.109785.CrossRefPubMed Cairns KJ, Hamilton AJ, Marshall AH, Moore MJ, Adgey AAJ, Kee F. The obstacles to maximising the impact of public access defibrillation: an assessment of the dispatch mechanism for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Heart. 2008;94:349–53. doi:10.​1136/​hrt.​2006.​109785.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Vaillancourt C, Charette M, Kasaboski A, Hoad M, Larocque V, Crête D, et al. Cardiac arrest diagnostic accuracy of 9-1-1 dispatchers: a prospective multi-center study. Resuscitation. 2015;90:116–20. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.02.027.CrossRefPubMed Vaillancourt C, Charette M, Kasaboski A, Hoad M, Larocque V, Crête D, et al. Cardiac arrest diagnostic accuracy of 9-1-1 dispatchers: a prospective multi-center study. Resuscitation. 2015;90:116–20. doi:10.​1016/​j.​resuscitation.​2015.​02.​027.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Nurmi J, Pettila V, Biber B, Kuisma M, Komulainen R, Castren M. Effect of protocol compliance to cardiac arrest identification by emergency medical dispatchers. Resuscitation. 2006;70:463–9. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.01.016.CrossRefPubMed Nurmi J, Pettila V, Biber B, Kuisma M, Komulainen R, Castren M. Effect of protocol compliance to cardiac arrest identification by emergency medical dispatchers. Resuscitation. 2006;70:463–9. doi:10.​1016/​j.​resuscitation.​2006.​01.​016.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Axelsson C, Borgstrom J, Karlsson T, Axelsson AB, Herlitz J. Dispatch codes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest should be diagnosis related rather than symptom related. Eur J Emerg Med. 2010;17:265–9. doi:10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328332b912.CrossRefPubMed Axelsson C, Borgstrom J, Karlsson T, Axelsson AB, Herlitz J. Dispatch codes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest should be diagnosis related rather than symptom related. Eur J Emerg Med. 2010;17:265–9. doi:10.​1097/​MEJ.​0b013e328332b912​.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Dami F, Heymann E, Pasquier M, Fuchs V, Carron P-N, Hugli O. Time to identify cardiac arrest and provide dispatch-assisted cardio-pulmonary resuscitation in a criteria-based dispatch system. Resuscitation. 2015;97:27–33. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.09.390.CrossRefPubMed Dami F, Heymann E, Pasquier M, Fuchs V, Carron P-N, Hugli O. Time to identify cardiac arrest and provide dispatch-assisted cardio-pulmonary resuscitation in a criteria-based dispatch system. Resuscitation. 2015;97:27–33. doi:10.​1016/​j.​resuscitation.​2015.​09.​390.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Travers S, Jost D, Gillard Y, Lanoë V, Bignand M, Domanski L, et al. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest phone detection: those who most need chest compressions are the most difficult to recognize. Resuscitation. 2014;85:1720–5. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.09.020.CrossRefPubMed Travers S, Jost D, Gillard Y, Lanoë V, Bignand M, Domanski L, et al. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest phone detection: those who most need chest compressions are the most difficult to recognize. Resuscitation. 2014;85:1720–5. doi:10.​1016/​j.​resuscitation.​2014.​09.​020.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Hiltunen PVC, Silfvast TO, Jäntti TH, Kuisma MJ, Kurola JO, for the FINNRESUSCI Prehospital Study Group. Emergency dispatch process and patient outcome in bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with a shockable rhythm. Eur J Emerg Med 2014. doi:10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000151. Hiltunen PVC, Silfvast TO, Jäntti TH, Kuisma MJ, Kurola JO, for the FINNRESUSCI Prehospital Study Group. Emergency dispatch process and patient outcome in bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with a shockable rhythm. Eur J Emerg Med 2014. doi:10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000151.

go back to reference Kuisma M, Boyd J, Väyrynen T, Repo J, Nousila-Wiik M, Holmström P. Emergency call processing and survival from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation. 2005;67:89–93. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.04.008.CrossRefPubMed Kuisma M, Boyd J, Väyrynen T, Repo J, Nousila-Wiik M, Holmström P. Emergency call processing and survival from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation. 2005;67:89–93. doi:10.​1016/​j.​resuscitation.​2005.​04.​008.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Rosamond WD, Evenson KR, Schroeder EB, Morris DL, Johnson A-M, Brice JH. Calling emergency medical services for acute stroke: a study of 9-1-1 tapes. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2005;9:19–23. doi:10.1080/10903120590891985.CrossRefPubMed Rosamond WD, Evenson KR, Schroeder EB, Morris DL, Johnson A-M, Brice JH. Calling emergency medical services for acute stroke: a study of 9-1-1 tapes. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2005;9:19–23. doi:10.​1080/​1090312059089198​5.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Viereck S, Møller TP, Iversen HK, Christensen H, Lippert F. Medical dispatchers recognise substantial amount of acute stroke during emergency calls. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2016;24:89. doi:10.1186/s13049-016-0277-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Viereck S, Møller TP, Iversen HK, Christensen H, Lippert F. Medical dispatchers recognise substantial amount of acute stroke during emergency calls. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2016;24:89. doi:10.​1186/​s13049-016-0277-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Buck BH, Starkman S, Eckstein M, Kidwell CS, Haines J, Huang R, et al. Dispatcher recognition of stroke using the national academy medical priority dispatch system. Stroke. 2009;40:2027–30. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.545574.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Buck BH, Starkman S, Eckstein M, Kidwell CS, Haines J, Huang R, et al. Dispatcher recognition of stroke using the national academy medical priority dispatch system. Stroke. 2009;40:2027–30. doi:10.​1161/​STROKEAHA.​108.​545574.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Neumar RW, Shuster M, Callaway CW, Gent LM, Atkins DL, Bhanji F, et al. Part 1: executive summary 2015 american heart association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2015;132:S315–67. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000252.CrossRefPubMed Neumar RW, Shuster M, Callaway CW, Gent LM, Atkins DL, Bhanji F, et al. Part 1: executive summary 2015 american heart association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2015;132:S315–67. doi:10.​1161/​CIR.​0000000000000252​.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Monsieurs KG, Nolan JP, Bossaert LL, Greif R, Maconochie IK, Nikolaou NI, et al. European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2015: section 1. Executive summary. Resuscitation. 2015;95:1–80. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.038.CrossRefPubMed Monsieurs KG, Nolan JP, Bossaert LL, Greif R, Maconochie IK, Nikolaou NI, et al. European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2015: section 1. Executive summary. Resuscitation. 2015;95:1–80. doi:10.​1016/​j.​resuscitation.​2015.​07.​038.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Macaskill P, Gatsonis C, Deeks J, Harbord R, Takwoingi Y. Chapter 10: analysing and presenting results. In: Deeks JJ, Bossuyt PM, Gatsonis C, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy version 1.0. The Cochrane collaboration. 2010. Available from: http://srdta.cochrane.org/. 2010. Macaskill P, Gatsonis C, Deeks J, Harbord R, Takwoingi Y. Chapter 10: analysing and presenting results. In: Deeks JJ, Bossuyt PM, Gatsonis C, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy version 1.0. The Cochrane collaboration. 2010. Available from: http://​srdta.​cochrane.​org/​.​ 2010.

go back to reference Travers AH, Perkins GD, Berg RA, Castren M, Considine J, Escalante R, et al. Part 3: adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation: 2015 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Circulation. 2015;132:S51–83. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000272.CrossRefPubMed Travers AH, Perkins GD, Berg RA, Castren M, Considine J, Escalante R, et al. Part 3: adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation: 2015 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Circulation. 2015;132:S51–83. doi:10.​1161/​CIR.​0000000000000272​.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Eisenberg M, Lippert FK, Shin SD, Bobrow B, Castren M, Moore F, et al. A Call to Establish a Global Resuscitation Alliance n.d. https://foundation915.files.wordpress.com/2016/07/a-call-to-establish-a-global-resuscitation-alliance-2016.pdf (accessed 3 May 2016). Eisenberg M, Lippert FK, Shin SD, Bobrow B, Castren M, Moore F, et al. A Call to Establish a Global Resuscitation Alliance n.d. https://​foundation915.​files.​wordpress.​com/​2016/​07/​a-call-to-establish-a-global-resuscitation-alliance-2016.​pdf (accessed 3 May 2016).

go back to reference Ornato JP. Science of emergency medical dispatch. Circulation. 2009;119:2023–5. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.855130.CrossRefPubMed Ornato JP. Science of emergency medical dispatch. Circulation. 2009;119:2023–5. doi:10.​1161/​CIRCULATIONAHA.​109.​855130.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Heward A, Damiani M, Hartley-Sharpe C. Does the use of the advanced medical priority dispatch system affect cardiac arrest detection? Emerg Med J. 2004;21:115–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Heward A, Damiani M, Hartley-Sharpe C. Does the use of the advanced medical priority dispatch system affect cardiac arrest detection? Emerg Med J. 2004;21:115–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Bohm K, Stålhandske B, Rosenqvist M, Ulfvarson J, Hollenberg J, Svensson L. Tuition of emergency medical dispatchers in the recognition of agonal respiration increases the use of telephone assisted CPR. Resuscitation. 2009;80:1025–8. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.06.004.CrossRefPubMed Bohm K, Stålhandske B, Rosenqvist M, Ulfvarson J, Hollenberg J, Svensson L. Tuition of emergency medical dispatchers in the recognition of agonal respiration increases the use of telephone assisted CPR. Resuscitation. 2009;80:1025–8. doi:10.​1016/​j.​resuscitation.​2009.​06.​004.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Bobrow BJ, Spaite DW, Vadeboncoeur TF, et al. Implementation of a regional telephone cardiopulmonary resuscitation program and outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA Cardiol. 2016. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0251.PubMed Bobrow BJ, Spaite DW, Vadeboncoeur TF, et al. Implementation of a regional telephone cardiopulmonary resuscitation program and outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA Cardiol. 2016. doi:10.​1001/​jamacardio.​2016.​0251.PubMed

go back to reference Perkins GD, Jacobs IG, Nadkarni VM, Berg RA, Bhanji F, Biarent D, et al. Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports: update of the utstein resuscitation registry templates for Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a statement for healthcare professionals from a task force of the international liaison committee on resuscitation (american heart association, european resuscitation council, Australian and New Zealand council on resuscitation, heart and stroke foundation of Canada, InterAmerican heart foundation, resuscitation council of southern africa, resuscitation council of Asia); and the american heart association emergency cardiovascular care committee and the council on cardiopulmonary, critical care, perioperative and resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2015;96:328–40. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.11.002.CrossRefPubMed Perkins GD, Jacobs IG, Nadkarni VM, Berg RA, Bhanji F, Biarent D, et al. Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports: update of the utstein resuscitation registry templates for Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a statement for healthcare professionals from a task force of the international liaison committee on resuscitation (american heart association, european resuscitation council, Australian and New Zealand council on resuscitation, heart and stroke foundation of Canada, InterAmerican heart foundation, resuscitation council of southern africa, resuscitation council of Asia); and the american heart association emergency cardiovascular care committee and the council on cardiopulmonary, critical care, perioperative and resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2015;96:328–40. doi:10.​1016/​j.​resuscitation.​2014.​11.​002.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Chamberlain D, Cummins RO, Abramson N, Allen M, Baskett P, Becker L, et al. Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the “utstein style”. prepared by a task force of representatives from the european resuscitation council, american heart association, heart and stroke foundation of Canada, Australian resuscitation council. Resuscitation. 1991;22:1–26.CrossRef Chamberlain D, Cummins RO, Abramson N, Allen M, Baskett P, Becker L, et al. Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the “utstein style”. prepared by a task force of representatives from the european resuscitation council, american heart association, heart and stroke foundation of Canada, Australian resuscitation council. Resuscitation. 1991;22:1–26.CrossRef

go back to reference Castrén M, Bohm K, Kvam AM, Bovim E, Christensen EF, Steen-Hansen J-E, et al. Reporting of data from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has to involve emergency medical dispatching–taking the recommendations on reporting OHCA the utstein style a step further. Resuscitation. 2011;82:1496–500. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.08.020. Castrén M, Bohm K, Kvam AM, Bovim E, Christensen EF, Steen-Hansen J-E, et al. Reporting of data from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has to involve emergency medical dispatching–taking the recommendations on reporting OHCA the utstein style a step further. Resuscitation. 2011;82:1496–500. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.08.020.