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Published in: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research

1-methylnicotinamide and its structural analog 1,4-dimethylpyridine for the prevention of cancer metastasis

Authors: Agnieszka Blazejczyk, Marta Switalska, Stefan Chlopicki, Andrzej Marcinek, Jerzy Gebicki, Marcin Nowak, Anna Nasulewicz-Goldeman, Joanna Wietrzyk

Published in: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNA), an endogenous metabolite of nicotinamide, has recently gained interest due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities linked to the COX-2/PGI2 pathway. Given the previously reported anti-metastatic activity of prostacyclin (PGI2), we aimed to assess the effects of 1-MNA and its structurally related analog, 1,4-dimethylpyridine (1,4-DMP), in the prevention of cancer metastasis.

Methods

All the studies on the anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity of 1-MNA and 1,4-DMP were conducted using the model of murine mammary gland cancer (4T1) transplanted either orthotopically or intravenously into female BALB/c mouse. Additionally, the effect of the investigated molecules on cancer cell-induced angiogenesis was estimated using the matrigel plug assay utilizing 4T1 cells as a source of pro-angiogenic factors.

Results

Neither 1-MNA nor 1,4-DMP, when given in a monotherapy of metastatic cancer, influenced the growth of 4T1 primary tumors transplanted orthotopically; however, both compounds tended to inhibit 4T1 metastases formation in lungs of mice that were orthotopically or intravenously inoculated with 4T1 or 4T1-luc2-tdTomato cells, respectively. Additionally, while 1-MNA enhanced tumor vasculature formation and markedly increased PGI2 generation, 1,4-DMP did not have such an effect. The anti-metastatic activity of 1-MNA and 1,4-DMP was further confirmed when both agents were applied with a cytostatic drug in a combined treatment of 4T1 murine mammary gland cancer what resulted in up to 80 % diminution of lung metastases formation.

Conclusions

The results of the studies presented below indicate that 1-MNA and its structural analog 1,4-DMP prevent metastasis and might be beneficially implemented into the treatment of metastatic breast cancer to ensure a comprehensive strategy of metastasis control.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
1-methylnicotinamide and its structural analog 1,4-dimethylpyridine for the prevention of cancer metastasis
Authors
Agnieszka Blazejczyk
Marta Switalska
Stefan Chlopicki
Andrzej Marcinek
Jerzy Gebicki
Marcin Nowak
Anna Nasulewicz-Goldeman
Joanna Wietrzyk
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1756-9966
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-016-0389-9

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