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Journal of Hematology & Oncology
Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Review

Role of DNA methylation in renal cell carcinoma

Authors: Niraj Shenoy, Nishanth Vallumsetla, Yiyu Zou, Jose Nahun Galeas, Makardhwaj Shrivastava, Caroline Hu, Katalin Susztak, Amit Verma

Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Issue 1/2015

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Abstract

Alterations in DNA methylation are seen in cancers and have also been examined in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Numerous tumor suppressor genes have been reported to be partially or completely silenced due to hypermethylation of their promoters in single-locus studies, and the use of hypomethylating agents has been shown to restore the expression of many of these genes in vitro. In particular, members of the Wnt and TGF-beta pathways, pro-apoptotic genes such as APAF-1 and negative cell-cycle regulators such as KILLIN have been shown to be epigenetically silenced in numerous studies in ccRCC. Recently, TCGA analysis of a large cohort of ccRCC samples demonstrated that aberrant hypermethylation correlated with the stage and grade in kidney cancer. Our genome-wide studies also revealed aberrant widespread hypermethylation that affected regulatory regions of the kidney genome in ccRCC. We also observed that aberrant enhancer hypermethylation was predictive of adverse prognosis in ccRCC. Recent discovery of mutations affecting epigenetic regulators reinforces the importance of these changes in the pathophysiology of ccRCC and points to the potential of epigenetic modulators in the treatment of this malignancy.
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Metadata
Title
Role of DNA methylation in renal cell carcinoma
Authors
Niraj Shenoy
Nishanth Vallumsetla
Yiyu Zou
Jose Nahun Galeas
Makardhwaj Shrivastava
Caroline Hu
Katalin Susztak
Amit Verma
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Hematology & Oncology / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1756-8722
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-015-0180-y

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