Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Chiropractic & Manual Therapies
Published in: Chiropractic & Manual Therapies 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Review

The accuracy of diagnostic ultrasound imaging for musculoskeletal soft tissue pathology of the extremities: a comprehensive review of the literature

Authors: Rogan E A Henderson, Bruce F. Walker, Kenneth J. Young

Published in: Chiropractic & Manual Therapies | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Musculoskeletal diagnostic ultrasound imaging (MSK-DUSI) has been growing outside the traditional radiology speciality. Increased use of this technology has been reported in several healthcare settings, however an apparent gap in the knowledge of the accuracy of this diagnostic technology indicated a review was warranted. We undertook a structured review of the literature to assess the accuracy of MSK-DUSI for the diagnosis of musculoskeletal soft tissue pathology of the extremities. An electronic search of the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database (1972 to mid-2014) was conducted. All relevant systematic reviews of diagnostic studies, all diagnostic studies published after the date of the latest systematic reviews and relevant diagnostic studies outside the scope the systematic reviews that directly compared the accuracy of MSK-DUSI (the index test) to an appropriate reference standard for the target condition were included. A fundamental appraisal of the methodological quality of studies was completed. The individual sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio data were extracted and entered into diagnostic accuracy tables. A total of 207 individual studies were included. The results show that MSK-DUSI has acceptable diagnostic accuracy for a wide spectrum of musculoskeletal conditions of the extremities. However, there is a lack of high quality prospective experimental studies in this area and as such clinicians should interpret the results with some caution due to the potential for overestimation of diagnostic accuracy.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Backhaus M, Burmester G, Gerber T, Grassi W, Machold K, Swen W, et al. Guidelines for musculoskeletal ultrasound in rheumatology. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(7):641–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
2.
Jacobson JA. Musculoskeletal ultrasound and MRI: which do I choose? In: Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology: 2005. New York: Copyright© 2005 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc; 2005. p. 135–49.
3.
Klauser AS, Tagliafico A, Allen GM, Boutry N, Campbell R, Grainger A, et al. Clinical indications for musculoskeletal ultrasound: a Delphi-based consensus paper of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology. Eur Radiol. 2012;22(5):1140–8.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Nazarian LN. The top 10 reasons musculoskeletal sonography is an important complementary or alternative technique to MRI. Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190(6):1621–6.CrossRef
5.
Kane D, Grassi W, Sturrock R, Balint P. A brief history of musculoskeletal ultrasound:‘From bats and ships to babies and hips’. Rheumatology. 2004;43(7):931–3.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Smith J, Finnoff JT. Diagnostic and interventional musculoskeletal ultrasound: part 2 Clinical applications. PM R. 2009;1(2):162–77.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Whittaker JL, Teyhen DS, Elliott JM, Cook K, Langevin HM, Dahl HH, et al. Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging: understanding the technology and its applications. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007;37(8):434–49.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Koppenhaver SL, Hebert JJ, Parent EC, Fritz JM. Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging is a valid measure of trunk muscle size and activation during most isometric sub-maximal contractions: a systematic review. Aust J Physiother. 2009;55(3):153–69.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Teyhen D. Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging Symposium, May 8–10, 2006, San Antonio, Texas. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36(8):A-1–A-17.CrossRef
10.
McDonald DG, Leopold GR. Ultrasound B-scanning in the differentiation of Baker’s cyst and thrombophlebitis. Br J Radiol. 1972;45(538):729–32.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Young A, Hughes I, Russell P, Parker M, Nichols P. Measurement of quadriceps muscle wasting by ultrasonography. Rheumatology. 1980;19(3):141–8.CrossRef
12.
Young A, Stokes M, Crowe M. Size and strength of the quadriceps muscles of old and young women*. Eur J Clin Invest. 1984;14(4):282–7.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Young A, Stokes M, Crowe M. The size and strength of the quadriceps muscles of old and young men. Clin Physiol. 1985;5(2):145–54.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Barry M, Brandt J, Christensen K. Facts and fallacies of diagnostic ultrasound of the adult spine. Dynamic Chiropractic. 1996;14(9):30.
15.
Chovil AC, Anderson DJ, Adcock DF. Ultrasonic measurement of lumbar canal diameter: a screening tool for low back disorders? South Med J. 1989;82(8):977–80.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Futoran R. Musculoskeletal diagnostic ultrasound: Non-invasive imaging is here. J Am Chiropractic Assoc. 1995;32(9):28–32.
17.
McCarron RF, Wimpee MW, Hudkins PG, Laros GS. The inflammatory effect of nucleus pulposus: a possible element in the pathogenesis of low-back pain. Spine. 1987;12(8):760–4.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Moore R. Blind study: comparison of the sonographic results in patients with back pain previously diagnosed by MRI, x-ray and standard orthopedic exam. Am J Clin Chiropractic. 1995;5(2):34–5.
19.
Porter R, Bewley B. A ten-year prospective study of vertebral canal size as a predictor of back pain. Spine. 1994;19(2):173–5.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Stipkovich L. Musculoskeletal ultrasonographic examination of the cervical spine and surrounding tissues including normal lymph nodes. J Chiropractic. 1994;31:33–3.
21.
Weiss G. Spinal ultrasound: clinical correlation of spinal ultrasound and MRI. Am J Pain Manag. 1996;6:123–6.
22.
23.
Battiæ MC, Hansson T, Bigos S, Zeh J, Fisher L, Spengler D. B-scan ultrasonic measurement of the lumbar spinal canal as a predictor of industrial back pain complaints and extended work loss. J Occup Environ Med. 1993;35(12):1250–6.
24.
Battiae MC, Hansson TH, Engel JM, Zeh J, Bigos SJ, Spengler DM. The reliability of measurements of the lumbar spine using ultrasound B-scan. Spine. 1986;11(2):144–8.CrossRef
25.
Drinkall J, Porter R, Hibbert C, Evans C. Value of ultrasonic measurement of spinal canal diameter in general practice. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984;288(6411):121–2.CrossRef
26.
Howie DW, Chatterton BE, Hone MR. Failure of ultrasound in the investigation of sciatica. J Bone Joint Surgery Br. 1983;65(2):144–7.
27.
Kamei K, Hanai K, Matsui N. Ultrasonic level diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation. Spine. 1990;15(11):1170–4.PubMedCrossRef
28.
29.
Nazarian LN, Zegel HG, Gilbert KR, Edell SL, Bakst BL, Goldberg BB. Paraspinal ultrasonography: lack of accuracy in evaluating patients with cervical or lumbar back pain. J Ultrasound Med. 1998;17(2):117–22.PubMed
30.
Raghavendra B, Epstein F. Sonography of the spine and spinal cord. Radiol Clin North Am. 1985;23(1):91–105.PubMed
31.
Sharpe RE, Nazarian LN, Parker L, Rao VM, Levin DC. Dramatically increased musculoskeletal ultrasound utilization from 2000 to 2009, especially by podiatrists in private offices. J Am Coll Radiol. 2012;9(2):141–6.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Harvey CJ, Pilcher JM, Eckersley RJ, Blomley MJ, Cosgrove DO. Advances in ultrasound. Clin Radiol. 2002;57(3):157–77.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Jacobson JA. Musculoskeletal ultrasound: focused impact on MRI. Am J Roentgenol. 2009;193(3):619–27.CrossRef
34.
35.
Patil P, Dasgupta B. Role of diagnostic ultrasound in the assessment of musculoskeletal diseases. Therapeutic Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2012;4(5):341–55.CrossRef
36.
Smith J, Finnoff JT. Diagnostic and interventional musculoskeletal ultrasound: part 1. Fundamentals. PM R. 2009;1(1):64–75.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Cho JC-S, Haun DW, Kettner NW. Sonographic evaluation of the greater occipital nerve in unilateral occipital neuralgia. J Ultrasound Med. 2012;31(1):37–42.PubMed
38.
Cho S, Chin J, Haun DW, Kettner NW, Scali F, Clark TB. Sonography of the normal greater occipital nerve and obliquus capitis inferior muscle. J Clin Ultrasound. 2010;38(6):299–304.PubMed
39.
Haun DW, Cho J, Clark TB, Kettner NW. Normative cross-sectional area of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery using ultrasonography. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009;32(7):564–70.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Haun DW, Cho J, Kettner NW. Normative cross-sectional area of the C5-C8 nerve roots using ultrasonography. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2010;36(9):1422–30.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Haun DW, Cho J, Kettner NW. Symptomatic plantar fibroma with a unique sonographic appearance. J Clin Ultrasound. 2012;40(2):112–4.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Nuzzo JL, Haun DW, Mayer JM. Ultrasound measurements of lumbar multifidus and abdominal muscle size in firefighters. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2014;27(4):427–33.PubMed
43.
Battaglia PJ, Kaeser MA, Kettner NW. Diagnosis and serial sonography of a proximal fifth metatarsal stress fracture. J Chiropractic Med. 2013;12(3):196–200.CrossRef
44.
Cook J. Correlation between musculoskeletal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopic and clinical findings in a 30-year-old male with a medial meniscus ganglion: A case report. Clin Chiropractic. 2008;2(11):83–9.
45.
Haun DW: The Utility of Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in a Chiropractic Teaching Clinic. ACC-RAC Case Report 2008
46.
Moore R: Musculoskeletal Sonography: A Case Report on the Shoulder. Dynamic Chiropractic 1997, 15(24).
47.
Hung LY, Lucaciu OC, Soave DM. A comparative analysis of sonographic interpretation of peripheral nerves in the anterior compartment of the forearm between an experienced and novice interpreter. J Chiropractic Ed. 2012;26(1):47–50.CrossRef
48.
Gellhorn AC, Carlson MJ. Inter-rater, intra-rater, and inter-machine reliability of quantitative ultrasound measurements of the patellar tendon. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2013;39(5):791–6.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Murphy RJ, Daines MT, Carr AJ, Rees JL. An independent learning method for orthopaedic surgeons performing shoulder ultrasound to identify full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg. 2013;95(3):266–72.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Ozcakar L, Kara M, Tekin L, Karanfil Y, Esen E, Utku B, et al. Effect of supervision on ultrasonographic measurements. A blinded randomized cross-over study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2013;49(4):527–31.PubMed
51.
Singhal R, Dheerendra SK, Charalambous CP, Waseem M. Teaching basic shoulder ultrasonography to orthopaedic postgraduate trainees—effectiveness of a training workshop. Med Ultrason. 2012;14:120–4.PubMed
52.
O’Neill J: Musculoskeletal Ultrasound: Springer; 2008
53.
Brown BT, Bonello R, Fernandez-Caamano R, Graham PL, Eaton S, Green H. Chiropractic in Australia: A survey of the general public. Chiropractic J Aus. 2013;43(3):85.
54.
French SD, Charity M, Forsdike K, Gunn J, Polus B, Walker BF, et al. Chiropractic Observation and Analysis STudy (COAST): providing an understanding of current chiropractic practice. Med J Aust. 2013;10(199):687–91.
55.
American College of Radiology. ACR-AIUM-SPR-SRU Practice Guidline for the Performence of the Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Examination. Resolution. 2012;27:1–12.
56.
Straus SE, Glasziou P, Richardson WS, Haynes RB. Evidence-Based Medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston, Elsevier; 2011.
57.
58.
Florkowski CM. Sensitivity, specificity, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and likelihood ratios: communicating the performance of diagnostic tests. Clin Biochem Rev. 2008;29 Suppl 1:S83.PubMedCentralPubMed
59.
60.
Jaeschke R, Guyatt G, Sackett DL, Bass E, Brill-Edwards P, Browman G, et al. Users’ Guides to the Medical Literature: III. How to Use an Article About a Diagnostic Test A. Are the Results of the Study Valid? Jama. 1994;271(5):389–91.PubMedCrossRef
61.
62.
63.
de Jesus JO, Parker L, Frangos AJ, Nazarian LN. Accuracy of MRI, MR arthrography, and ultrasound in the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears: a meta-analysis. Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192(6):1701–7.CrossRef
64.
Kelly AM, Fessell D. Ultrasound compared with magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears: a critically appraised topic. In: Seminars in roentgenology: 2009: WB Saunders; 2009: 196–200
65.
Lenza M, Buchbinder R, Takwoingi Y, Johnston RV, Hanchard NC, Faloppa F. Magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance arthrography and ultrasonography for assessing rotator cuff tears in people with shoulder pain for whom surgery is being considered. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;9:CD009020.PubMed
66.
Smith T, Back T, Toms A, Hing C. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for rotator cuff tears in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Radiol. 2011;66(11):1036–48.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Ottenheijm RP, Jansen MJ, Staal JB, van den Bruel A, Weijers RE, de Bie RA, et al. Accuracy of diagnostic ultrasound in patients with suspected subacromial disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91(10):1616–25.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Alavekios DA, Dionysian E, Sodl J, Contreras R, Cho Y, Yian EH. Longitudinal analysis of effects of operator experience on accuracy for ultrasound detection of supraspinatus tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013;22(3):375–80.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Le Corroller T, Cohen M, Aswad R, Pauly V, Champsaur P. Sonography of the painful shoulder: role of the operator’s experience. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(11):979–86.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Ok J-H, Kim Y-S, Kim J-M, Yoo T-W. Learning curve of office-based ultrasonography for rotator cuff tendons tears. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21(7):1593–7.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Armstrong A, Teefey SA, Wu T, Clark AM, Middleton WD, Yamaguchi K, et al. The efficacy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of long head of the biceps tendon pathology. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006;15(1):7–11.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Khoury V, Cardinal É, Brassard P. Atrophy and fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus muscle: sonography versus MRI. Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190(4):1105–11.CrossRef
73.
Read JW, Perko M. Shoulder ultrasound: diagnostic accuracy for impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tear, and biceps tendon pathology. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1998;7(3):264–71.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Skendzel JG, Jacobson JA, Carpenter JE, Miller BS. Long head of biceps brachii tendon evaluation: accuracy of preoperative ultrasound. Am J Roentgenol. 2011;197(4):942–8.CrossRef
75.
Strobel K, Hodler J, Meyer DC, Pfirrmann CW, Pirkl C, Zanetti M. Fatty Atrophy of Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Muscles: Accuracy of US 1. Radiology. 2005;237(2):584–9.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Dones 3rd VC, Grimmer K, Thoirs K, Suarez CG, Luker J. The diagnostic validity of musculoskeletal ultrasound in lateral epicondylalgia: a systematic review. BMC Med Imaging. 2014;14:10.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
77.
Beekman R, Schoemaker M, Van Der Plas J, Van Den Berg L, Franssen H, Wokke J, et al. Diagnostic value of high-resolution sonography in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. Neurology. 2004;62(5):767–73.PubMedCrossRef
78.
Lobo Lda G, Fessell DP, Miller BS, Kelly A, Lee JY, Brandon C, et al. The role of sonography in differentiating full versus partial distal biceps tendon tears: correlation with surgical findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013;200(1):158–62.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Park GY, Lee SM, Lee MY. Diagnostic value of ultrasonography for clinical medial epicondylitis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89(4):738–42.PubMedCrossRef
80.
Beekman R, Visser LH. Sonography in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: a critical review of the literature. Muscle Nerve. 2003;27(1):26–33.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Cartwright MS, Hobson-Webb LD, Boon AJ, Alter KE, Hunt CH, Flores VH, et al. Evidence-based guideline: neuromuscular ultrasound for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve. 2012;46(2):287–93.PubMedCrossRef
82.
Descatha A, Huard L, Aubert F, Barbato B, Gorand O, Chastang JF. Meta-analysis on the performance of sonography for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012;41(6):914–22.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Roll SC, Case-Smith J, Evans KD. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography vs. electromyography in carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review of literature. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2011;37(10):1539–53.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Deniz FE, Oksuz E, Sarikaya B, Kurt S, Erkorkmaz U, Ulusoy H, et al. Comparison of the diagnostic utility of electromyography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome determined by clinical findings. Neurosurgery. 2012;70(3):610–6.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Kim JY, Yoon JS, Kim SJ, Won SJ, Jeong JS. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Clinical, electrophysiological, and ultrasonographic ratio after surgery. Muscle Nerve. 2012;45(2):183–8.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Moghtaderi A, Sanei-Sistani S, Sadoughi N, Hamed-Azimi H. Ultrasound evaluation of patients with moderate and severe carpal tunnel syndrome. Prague Med Rep. 2012;113(1):23–32.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Ooi CC, Wong SK, Tan AB, Chin AY, Bakar RA, Goh SY, et al. Diagnostic criteria of carpal tunnel syndrome using high-resolution ultrasonography: correlation with nerve conduction studies. Skeletal Radiol. 2014;43(10):1387–94.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Tajika T, Kobayashi T, Yamamoto A, Kaneko T, Takagishi K. Diagnostic utility of sonography and correlation between sonographic and clinical findings in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. J Ultrasound Med. 2013;32(11):1987–93.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Choi SJ, Ahn JH, Lee YJ, Ryu DS, Lee JH, Jung SM, et al. de Quervain disease: US identification of anatomic variations in the first extensor compartment with an emphasis on subcompartmentalization. Radiology. 2011;260(2):480–6.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Chuter GS, Muwanga CL, Irwin LR. Ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the thumb: 10 years of surgical experience. Injury. 2009;40(6):652–6.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Dao KD, Solomon DJ, Shin AY, Puckett ML. The efficacy of ultrasound in the evaluation of dynamic scapholunate ligamentous instability. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-a(7):1473–8.PubMed
92.
Finlay K, Lee R, Friedman L. Ultrasound of intrinsic wrist ligament and triangular fibrocartilage injuries. Skeletal Radiol. 2004;33(2):85–90.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Hergan K, Mittler C, Oser W. Ulnar collateral ligament: differentiation of displaced and nondisplaced tears with US and MR imaging. Radiology. 1995;194(1):65–71.PubMedCrossRef
94.
Kuwano Y, Ishizaki K, Watanabe R, Nanko H. Efficacy of diagnostic ultrasonography of lipomas, epidermal cysts, and ganglions. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145(7):761–4.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Kwon BC, Choi SJ, Koh SH, Shin DJ, Baek GH. Sonographic Identification of the intracompartmental septum in de Quervain’s disease. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468(8):2129–34.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
96.
Melville D, Jacobson JA, Haase S, Brandon C, Brigido MK, Fessell D. Ultrasound of displaced ulnar collateral ligament tears of the thumb: the Stener lesion revisited. Skeletal Radiol. 2013;42(5):667–73.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Osterwalder JJ, Widrig R, Stober R, Gachter A. Diagnostic validity of ultrasound in patients with persistent wrist pain and suspected occult ganglion. J Hand surg. 1997;22(6):1034–40.CrossRef
98.
Taljanovic MS, Sheppard JE, Jones MD, Switlick DN, Hunter TB, Rogers LF. Sonography and sonoarthrography of the scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligaments and triangular fibrocartilage disk: initial experience and correlation with arthrography and magnetic resonance arthrography. J Ultrasound Med. 2008;27(2):179–91.PubMed
99.
Westacott DJ, Minns JI, Foguet P. The diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in gluteal tendon tears--a systematic review. Hip Int. 2011;21(6):637–45.PubMedCrossRef
100.
Fearon AM, Scarvell JM, Cook JL, Smith PN. Does ultrasound correlate with surgical or histologic findings in greater trochanteric pain syndrome? A pilot study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468(7):1838–44.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
101.
Suh DH, Kim DH, Park JW, Park BK. Sonographic and electrophysiologic findings in patients with meralgia paresthetica. Clin Neurophysiol. 2013;124(7):1460–4.PubMedCrossRef
102.
Alizadeh A, Babaei Jandaghi A, Keshavarz Zirak A, Karimi A, Mardani-Kivi M, Rajabzadeh A. Knee sonography as a diagnostic test for medial meniscal tears in young patients. Eur J Orthopaedic Surg Traumatol. 2013;23(8):927–31.CrossRef
103.
Azzoni R, Cabitza P. Is there a role for sonography in the diagnosis of tears of the knee menisci? J Clin Ultrasound. 2002;30(8):472–6.PubMedCrossRef
104.
Bianchi S, Zwass A, Abdelwahab IF, Banderali A. Diagnosis of tears of the quadriceps tendon of the knee: value of sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;162(5):1137–40.PubMedCrossRef
105.
Derks WH, de Hooge P, van Linge B. Ultrasonographic detection of the patellar plica in the knee. J Clin Ultrasound. 1986;14(5):355–60.PubMedCrossRef
106.
Fuchs S, Chylarecki C. Sonographic evaluation of ACL rupture signs compared to arthroscopic findings in acutely injured knees. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2002;28(2):149–54.PubMedCrossRef
107.
Garrick JG. Assessing clinically diagnosed patellar tendinopathy with magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. Clin J Sport Med. 2008;18(3):304–5.PubMedCrossRef
108.
Khan Z, Faruqui Z, Ogyunbiyi O, Rosset G, Iqbal J. Ultrasound assessment of internal derangement of the knee. Acta Orthop Belg. 2006;72(1):72–6.PubMed
109.
Najafi J, Bagheri S, Lahiji FA. The value of sonography with micro convex probes in diagnosing meniscal tears compared with arthroscopy. J Ultrasound Med. 2006;25(5):593–7.PubMed
110.
Paczesny Ł, Kruczynski J. Medial Plica Syndrome of the Knee: Diagnosis with Dynamic Sonography 1. Radiology. 2009;251(2):439–46.PubMedCrossRef
111.
Park GY, Kim JM, Lee SM, Lee MY. The value of ultrasonography in the detection of meniscal tears diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Physical Med Rehab. 2008;87(1):14–20.CrossRef
112.
Ptasznik R, Feller J, Bartlett J, Fitt G, Mitchell A, Hennessy O. The value of sonography in the diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;164(6):1461–3.PubMedCrossRef
113.
Rutten MJ, Collins JM, van Kampen A, Jager GJ. Meniscal cysts: detection with high-resolution sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;171(2):491–6.PubMedCrossRef
114.
Sekiya JK, Swaringen JC, Wojtys EM, Jacobson JA. Diagnostic ultrasound evaluation of posterolateral corner knee injuries. Arthroscopy. 2010;26(4):494–9.PubMedCrossRef
115.
Shetty AA, Tindall AJ, James KD, Relwani J, Fernando KW. Accuracy of hand-held ultrasound scanning in detecting meniscal tears. J Bone Joint Surg. 2008;90(8):1045–8.CrossRef
116.
Skovgaard Larsen LP, Rasmussen OS. Diagnosis of acute rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee by sonography. Eur J Ultrasound. 2000;12(2):163–7.PubMedCrossRef
117.
Sorrentino F, Iovane A, Nicosia A, Vaccari A, Candela F, Cimino PG, et al. High-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) of the meniscal cyst of the knee: our experience. Radiol Med. 2007;112(5):732–9.PubMedCrossRef
118.
Visser LH, Hens V, Soethout M, De Deugd-Maria V, Pijnenburg J, Brekelmans GJ. Diagnostic value of high-resolution sonography in common fibular neuropathy at the fibular head. Muscle Nerve. 2013;48(2):171–8.PubMedCrossRef
119.
Ward EE, Jacobson JA, Fessell DP, Hayes CW, van Holsbeeck M. Sonographic detection of Baker’s cysts: comparison with MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176(2):373–80.PubMedCrossRef
120.
Warden SJ, Kiss ZS, Malara FA, Ooi AB, Cook JL, Crossley KM. Comparative accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in confirming clinically diagnosed patellar tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(3):427–36.PubMedCrossRef
121.
Wareluk P, Szopinski KT. Value of modern sonography in the assessment of meniscal lesions. Eur J Radiol. 2012;81(9):2366–9.PubMedCrossRef
122.
Bianchi S, Sailly M, Molini L. Isolated tear of the plantaris tendon: ultrasound and MRI appearance. Skeletal Radiol. 2011;40(7):891–5.PubMedCrossRef
123.
Carlson RM, Dux K, Stuck RM. Ultrasound imaging for diagnosis of plantar plate ruptures of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints: a retrospective case series. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2013;52(6):786–8.PubMedCrossRef
124.
Cheng Y, Cai Y, Wang Y. Value of ultrasonography for detecting chronic injury of the lateral ligaments of the ankle joint compared with ultrasonography findings. Br J Radiol. 2014;87(1033):20130406.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
125.
Cochet H, Pele E, Amoretti N, Brunot S, Lafenetre O, Hauger O. Anterolateral ankle impingement: diagnostic performance of MDCT arthrography and sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194(6):1575–80.PubMedCrossRef
126.
Fazal MA, Khan I, Thomas C. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of Morton’s neuroma. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2012;102(3):184–6.PubMedCrossRef
127.
Grant TH, Kelikian AS, Jereb SE, McCarthy RJ. Ultrasound diagnosis of peroneal tendon tears. A surgical correlation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(8):1788–94.PubMedCrossRef
128.
Gregg J, Silberstein M, Schneider T, Marks P. Sonographic and MRI evaluation of the plantar plate: A prospective study. Eur Radiol. 2006;16(12):2661–9.PubMedCrossRef
129.
Guillodo Y, Varache S, Saraux A. Value of ultrasonography for detecting ligament damage in athletes with chronic ankle instability compared to computed arthrotomography. Foot Ankle Spec. 2010;3(6):331–4.PubMedCrossRef
130.
Gun C, Unluer EE, Vandenberk N, Karagoz A, Senturk GO, Oyar O. Bedside ultrasonography by emergency physicians for anterior talofibular ligament injury. J Emergencies Trauma Shock. 2013;6(3):195–8.CrossRef
131.
Hartgerink P, Fessell DP, Jacobson JA, van Holsbeeck MT. Full- versus partial-thickness Achilles tendon tears: sonographic accuracy and characterization in 26 cases with surgical correlation. Radiology. 2001;220(2):406–12.PubMedCrossRef
132.
Henari S, Banks LN, Radovanovic I, Queally J, Morris S. Ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in assessing deltoid ligament injury in supination external rotation fractures of the ankle. Orthopedics. 2011;34(10):e639–643.PubMed
133.
Hua Y, Yang Y, Chen S, Cai Y. Ultrasound examination for the diagnosis of chronic anterior talofibular ligament injury. Acta Radiol. 2012;53(10):1142–5.PubMedCrossRef
134.
Kainberger FM, Engel A, Barton P, Huebsch P, Neuhold A, Salomonowitz E. Injury of the Achilles tendon: diagnosis with sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;155(5):1031–6.PubMedCrossRef
135.
Kalebo P, Allenmark C, Peterson L, Sward L. Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in partial ruptures of the Achilles tendon. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20(4):378–81.PubMedCrossRef
136.
Kankanala G, Jain AS. The operational characteristics of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of plantar intermetatarsal neuroma. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2007;46(4):213–7.PubMedCrossRef
137.
Kayser R, Mahlfeld K, Heyde CE. Partial rupture of the proximal Achilles tendon: a differential diagnostic problem in ultrasound imaging. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(11):838–42. discussion 838–842.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
138.
Klein EE, Weil Jr L, Weil Sr LS, Knight J. Magnetic resonance imaging versus musculoskeletal ultrasound for identification and localization of plantar plate tears. Foot Ankle Spec. 2012;5(6):359–65.PubMedCrossRef
139.
Klein EE, Weil Jr L, Weil Sr LS, Knight J. Musculoskeletal ultrasound for preoperative imaging of the plantar plate: a prospective analysis. Foot Ankle Spec. 2013;6(3):196–200.PubMedCrossRef
140.
Lee M-J, Kim S, Huh Y-M, Song H-T, Lee S-A, Lee JW, et al. Morton neuroma: evaluated with ultrasonography and MR imaging. Korean J Radiol. 2007;8(2):148–55.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
141.
Margetic P, Pavic R. Comparative assessment of the acute ankle injury by ultrasound and magnetic resonance. Coll Antropol. 2012;36(2):605–10.PubMed
142.
McCarthy C, Wilson D, Coltman T. Anterolateral ankle impingement: findings and diagnostic accuracy with ultrasound imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(3):209–16.PubMedCrossRef
143.
Mei-Dan O, Kots E, Barchilon V, Massarwe S, Nyska M, Mann G. A dynamic ultrasound examination for the diagnosis of ankle syndesmotic injury in professional athletes: a preliminary study. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(5):1009–16.PubMedCrossRef
144.
Nallamshetty L, Nazarian LN, Schweitzer ME, Morrison WB, Parellada JA, Articolo GA, et al. Evaluation of posterior tibial pathology: comparison of sonography and MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 2005;34(7):375–80.PubMedCrossRef
145.
Neustadter J, Raikin SM, Nazarian LN. Dynamic sonographic evaluation of peroneal tendon subluxation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;183(4):985–8.PubMedCrossRef
146.
Oae K, Takao M, Uchio Y, Ochi M. Evaluation of anterior talofibular ligament injury with stress radiography, ultrasonography and MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 2010;39(1):41–7.PubMedCrossRef
147.
Oliver TB, Beggs I. Ultrasound in the assessment of metatarsalgia: a surgical and histological correlation. Clin Radiol. 1998;53(4):287–9.PubMedCrossRef
148.
Pastides P, El-Sallakh S, Charalambides C. Morton’s neuroma: A clinical versus radiological diagnosis. Foot Ankle Surg. 2012;18(1):22–4.PubMedCrossRef
149.
Premkumar A, Perry MB, Dwyer AJ, Gerber LH, Johnson D, Venzon D, et al. Sonography and MR imaging of posterior tibial tendinopathy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;178(1):223–32.PubMedCrossRef
150.
Rockett MS, Waitches G, Sudakoff G, Brage M. Use of ultrasonography versus magnetic resonance imaging for tendon abnormalities around the ankle. Foot Ankle Int. 1998;19(9):604–12.PubMedCrossRef
151.
Sabir N, Demirlenk S, Yagci B, Karabulut N, Cubukcu S. Clinical utility of sonography in diagnosing plantar fasciitis. J Ultrasound Med. 2005;24(8):1041–8.PubMed
152.
Sharp RJ, Wade CM, Hennessy MS, Saxby TS. The role of MRI and ultrasound imaging in Morton’s neuroma and the effect of size of lesion on symptoms. J Bone Joint Surg. 2003;85(7):999–1005.CrossRef
153.
Sobiesk GA, Wertheimer SJ, Schulz R, Dalfovo M. Sonographic evaluation of interdigital neuromas. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1997;36(5):364–6.PubMedCrossRef
154.
Torres-Claramunt R, Gines A, Pidemunt G, Puig L, de Zabala S. MRI and ultrasonography in Morton’s neuroma: Diagnostic accuracy and correlation. Indian J Orthop. 2012;46(3):321–5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
155.
van Dijk CN, Mol BW, Lim LS, Marti RK, Bossuyt PM. Diagnosis of ligament rupture of the ankle joint. Physical examination, arthrography, stress radiography and sonography compared in 160 patients after inversion trauma. Acta Orthop Scand. 1996;67(6):566–70.PubMedCrossRef
156.
Waitches GM, Rockett M, Brage M, Sudakoff G. Ultrasonographic-surgical correlation of ankle tendon tears. J Ultrasound Med. 1998;17(4):249–56.PubMed
157.
Bot S, Van der Waal J, Terwee C, Van der Windt D, Schellevis F, Bouter L, et al. Incidence and prevalence of complaints of the neck and upper extremity in general practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(1):118–23.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
158.
Luime J, Koes B, Hendriksen I, Burdorf A, Verhagen A, Miedema H, et al. Prevalence and incidence of shoulder pain in the general population; a systematic review. Scand J Rheumatol. 2004;33(2):73–81.PubMedCrossRef
159.
Ottenheijm RP, Hesselmans NJ, Kemper A, Moser A, Bie RA, Dinant GJ, et al. GPs’ perspectives on the diagnostic work‐up in patients with shoulder pain: a qualitative study. J Eval Clin Pract. 2014;20(3):239–45.PubMedCrossRef
160.
Lähteenmäki HE, Hiltunen A, Virolainen P, Nelimarkka O. Repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears is recommended regardless of tear size and age: a retrospective study of 218 patients. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007;16(5):586–90.PubMedCrossRef
161.
Millett PJ, Wilcox RB, O’Holleran JD, Warner JJ. Rehabilitation of the rotator cuff: an evaluation-based approach. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14(11):599–609.PubMed
162.
Oh JH, Kim SH, Ji HM, Jo KH, Bin SW, Gong HS. Prognostic factors affecting anatomic outcome of rotator cuff repair and correlation with functional outcome. Arthroscopy. 2009;25(1):30–9.PubMedCrossRef
163.
Nagaoka M, Matsuzaki H, Suzuki T. Ultrasonographic examination of de Quervain’s disease. J Orthop Science. 2000;5(2):96–9.CrossRef
164.
Wang G, Jacobson JA, Feng FY, Girish G, Caoili EM, Brandon C. Sonography of Wrist Ganglion Cysts Variable and Noncystic Appearances. J Ultrasound Med. 2007;26(10):1323–8.PubMed
165.
166.
Connell DA, Schneider-Kolsky ME, Hoving JL, Malara F, Buchbinder R, Koulouris G, et al. Longitudinal study comparing sonographic and MRI assessments of acute and healing hamstring injuries. Am J Roentgenol. 2004;183(4):975–84.CrossRef
167.
Heiderscheit BC, Sherry MA, Silder A, Chumanov ES, Thelen DG. Hamstring strain injuries: recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation, and injury prevention. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010;40(2):67–81.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
168.
Koulouris G, Connell D. Hamstring Muscle Complex: An Imaging Review 1. Radiographics. 2005;25(3):571–86.PubMedCrossRef
169.
Nigam A, Shetty VD. The medial plica: a clinical perspective. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2012;22(2):97–102.CrossRef
170.
Stubbings N, Smith T. Diagnostic test accuracy of clinical and radiological assessments for medial patella plica syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee. 2014;21(2):486–90.PubMedCrossRef
171.
Khoshnoodi P, Tehranzadeh AD, Dunn JM, Tehranzadeh J. Semimembranosus tendon avulsion fracture of the posteromedial tibial plateau associated with posterior cruciate ligament tear and capsular rupture. Skeletal Radiol. 2014;43(2):239–42.PubMedCrossRef
172.
Manoj M, Francis J. Correlation of MRI with arthroscopy in injuries of knee joint. Kerala J Orthop. 2014;27(1):18–21.
173.
Patel SA, Hageman J, Quatman CE, Wordeman SC, Hewett TE. Prevalence and location of bone bruises associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury and implications for mechanism of injury: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2014;44(2):281–93.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
174.
Wharton R, Henckel J, Bhattee G, Ball S, Church S: Segond fracture in an adult is not pathognomonic for ACL injury. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 2014:1–4
175.
Wissman RD, England E, Mehta K, Nepute J, Von Fischer N, Apgar J, et al. Patellotibial contusions in anterior cruciate ligament tears. Skeletal Radiol. 2014;43(2):247–50.PubMedCrossRef
176.
Lynch SA, Renström PA. Treatment of acute lateral ankle ligament rupture in the athlete. Sports Med. 1999;27(1):61–71.PubMedCrossRef
177.
Rutjes AW, Reitsma JB, Di Nisio M, Smidt N, Van Rijn JC, Bossuyt PM. Evidence of bias and variation in diagnostic accuracy studies. Can Med Assoc J. 2006;174(4):469–76.CrossRef
178.
Cook C, Cleland J, Huijbregts P. Creation and critique of studies of diagnostic accuracy: use of the STARD and QUADAS methodological quality assessment tools. J Man Manip Ther. 2007;15(2):93–102.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
179.
Farina R, Sparano A: Errors in Sonography. In: Errors in Radiology. edn.: Springer; 2012: 79–85.
Metadata
Title
The accuracy of diagnostic ultrasound imaging for musculoskeletal soft tissue pathology of the extremities: a comprehensive review of the literature
Authors
Rogan E A Henderson
Bruce F. Walker
Kenneth J. Young
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Chiropractic & Manual Therapies / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 2045-709X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-015-0076-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

Chiropractic & Manual Therapies 1/2015 Go to the issue

Systematic review

The effectiveness of manual therapy for the management of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper and lower extremities: a systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration

Research

The chiropractic profession in Denmark 2010–2014: a descriptive report

Research

Exploring the construct validity of the Patient Perception Measure – Osteopathy (PPM-O) using classical test theory and Rasch analysis

Research

Chiropractic care and the risk of vertebrobasilar stroke: results of a case–control study in U.S. commercial and Medicare Advantage populations

Research

US chiropractors’ attitudes, skills and use of evidence-based practice: A cross-sectional national survey

Research

A biopsychosocial approach to primary hypothyroidism: treatment and harms data from a randomized controlled trial