Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research

“It’s still a great adventure” – exploring offshore employees’ working conditions in a qualitative study

Authors: Janika Mette, Marcial Velasco Garrido, Volker Harth, Alexandra M. Preisser, Stefanie Mache

Published in: Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Despite the particular demands inherent to offshore work, little is known about the working conditions of employees in the German offshore wind industry. To date, neither offshore employees’ job demands and resources, nor their needs for improving the working conditions have been explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a qualitative analysis to gain further insight into these topics.

Methods

Forty-two semi-structured telephone interviews with German offshore employees (n = 21) and offshore experts (n = 21) were conducted. Employees and experts were interviewed with regard to their perceptions of their working conditions offshore. In addition, employees were asked to identify areas with potential need for improvement. The interviews were analysed in a deductive-inductive process according to Mayring’s qualitative content analysis.

Results

Employees and experts reported various demands of offshore work, including challenging physical labour, long shifts, inactive waiting times, and recurrent absences from home. In contrast, the high personal meaning of the work, regular work schedule (14 days offshore, 14 days onshore), and strong comradeship were highlighted as job resources. Interviewees’ working conditions varied considerably, e.g. regarding their work tasks and accommodations. Most of the job demands were perceived in terms of the work organization and living conditions offshore. Likewise, employees expressed the majority of needs for improvement in these areas.

Conclusions

Our study offers important insight into the working conditions of employees in the German offshore wind industry. The results can provide a basis for further quantitative research in order to generalize the findings. Moreover, they can be utilized to develop needs-based interventions to improve the working conditions offshore.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference van der Slot A, Hader, M, de Vries, M, van den Berg, W: Think act. Offshore wind power - Takeaways from the Borssele wind farm. Munich: Roland Berger GmbH; 2016. van der Slot A, Hader, M, de Vries, M, van den Berg, W: Think act. Offshore wind power - Takeaways from the Borssele wind farm. Munich: Roland Berger GmbH; 2016.
2.
go back to reference Lüers S, Wallasch A-K, Vogelsang K. Status des Offshore-Windenergieausbaus in Deutschland. 1. Halbjahr 2017. Varel: Deutsche Windguard GmbH; 2017. Lüers S, Wallasch A-K, Vogelsang K. Status des Offshore-Windenergieausbaus in Deutschland. 1. Halbjahr 2017. Varel: Deutsche Windguard GmbH; 2017.
4.
go back to reference Schwieters N, Ull T, Meyer R: Volle Kraft aus Hochseewind. Bremerhaven, Bremen: PricewaterhouseCoopers AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft (PwC); 2012. Schwieters N, Ull T, Meyer R: Volle Kraft aus Hochseewind. Bremerhaven, Bremen: PricewaterhouseCoopers AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft (PwC); 2012.
5.
go back to reference Institut für Innovation und Technik, dsn: Bericht Plattform Zukunftsberufe Offshore-Windenergie. Hamburg, Berlin: Behörde für Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Innovation; 2012. Institut für Innovation und Technik, dsn: Bericht Plattform Zukunftsberufe Offshore-Windenergie. Hamburg, Berlin: Behörde für Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Innovation; 2012.
6.
go back to reference Velasco Garrido M, Mette J, Mache S, Harth V, Preisser AM. Belastungen und Gefährdungen der Beschäftigten in der Offshore-Windindustrie. Arbeitsmed Sozialmed Umweltmed. 2017;52:138–41. Velasco Garrido M, Mette J, Mache S, Harth V, Preisser AM. Belastungen und Gefährdungen der Beschäftigten in der Offshore-Windindustrie. Arbeitsmed Sozialmed Umweltmed. 2017;52:138–41.
7.
go back to reference Puskeppeleit M: Medizin im Offshore-Bereich. In Maritime Medizin: Praxiswissen für Schiffsärzte und Ärzte im Offshore-Bereich. Edited by Ottoman C, Seidenstücker KH. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015: 35-47. Puskeppeleit M: Medizin im Offshore-Bereich. In Maritime Medizin: Praxiswissen für Schiffsärzte und Ärzte im Offshore-Bereich. Edited by Ottoman C, Seidenstücker KH. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015: 35-47.
8.
go back to reference Preisser AM, Töpel M, Harth V. Arbeitsmedizinische Eignungsuntersuchung für Mitarbeiter auf Offshoreinstallationen – Von der DGMM-Empfehlung zur AWMF-Leitlinie. Flug u Reisemed. 2016;23:14–8.CrossRef Preisser AM, Töpel M, Harth V. Arbeitsmedizinische Eignungsuntersuchung für Mitarbeiter auf Offshoreinstallationen – Von der DGMM-Empfehlung zur AWMF-Leitlinie. Flug u Reisemed. 2016;23:14–8.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Mette J, Velasco Garrido M, Preisser AM, Harth V, Mache S. Psychische Belastung von Beschäftigten in der deutschen Offshore-Windindustrie. Zbl Arbeitsmed. 2016;66:307–11.CrossRef Mette J, Velasco Garrido M, Preisser AM, Harth V, Mache S. Psychische Belastung von Beschäftigten in der deutschen Offshore-Windindustrie. Zbl Arbeitsmed. 2016;66:307–11.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Parkes KR. Psychosocial aspects of stress, health and safety on North Sea installations. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998;24:321–33.CrossRefPubMed Parkes KR. Psychosocial aspects of stress, health and safety on North Sea installations. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998;24:321–33.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Chen WQ, Wong TW, Yu TS. Mental health issues in Chinese offshore oil workers. Occup Med. 2009;59:545–9.CrossRef Chen WQ, Wong TW, Yu TS. Mental health issues in Chinese offshore oil workers. Occup Med. 2009;59:545–9.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Brun E, Suarez A. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work: Occupational safety and health in the wind energy sector. Luxembourg: European Agency for Safety and Health at Work; 2013. Brun E, Suarez A. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work: Occupational safety and health in the wind energy sector. Luxembourg: European Agency for Safety and Health at Work; 2013.
15.
go back to reference Berthelsen M, Pallesen S, Bjorvatn B, Knardahl S. Shift schedules, work factors, and mental health among onshore and offshore workers in the Norwegian petroleum industry. Ind Health. 2015;53:280–92.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Berthelsen M, Pallesen S, Bjorvatn B, Knardahl S. Shift schedules, work factors, and mental health among onshore and offshore workers in the Norwegian petroleum industry. Ind Health. 2015;53:280–92.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
go back to reference Ljosa CH, Tyssen R, Lau B. Mental distress among shift workers in Norwegian offshore petroleum industry - relative influence of individual and psychosocial work factors. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2011;37:551–5.CrossRefPubMed Ljosa CH, Tyssen R, Lau B. Mental distress among shift workers in Norwegian offshore petroleum industry - relative influence of individual and psychosocial work factors. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2011;37:551–5.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Parkes KR. Psychosocial aspects of work and health in the North Sea oil and gas industry. Research report 002. Sudbury: University of Oxford for the Health and Safety Executive; 2002. Parkes KR. Psychosocial aspects of work and health in the North Sea oil and gas industry. Research report 002. Sudbury: University of Oxford for the Health and Safety Executive; 2002.
18.
go back to reference Wadsworth EJK, Allen PH, McNamara RL, Smith AP. Fatigue and health in a seafaring population. Occup Med. 2008;58:198–204.CrossRef Wadsworth EJK, Allen PH, McNamara RL, Smith AP. Fatigue and health in a seafaring population. Occup Med. 2008;58:198–204.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Chen WQ, Wong TW, Yu TS. Reliability and validity of the occupational stress scale for Chinese off-shore oil installation workers. Stress Health. 2001;17:175–83.CrossRef Chen WQ, Wong TW, Yu TS. Reliability and validity of the occupational stress scale for Chinese off-shore oil installation workers. Stress Health. 2001;17:175–83.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Carotenuto A, Molino I, Fasanaro AM, Amenta F. Psychological stress in seafarers: a review. Int Marit Health. 2012;63:188–94.PubMed Carotenuto A, Molino I, Fasanaro AM, Amenta F. Psychological stress in seafarers: a review. Int Marit Health. 2012;63:188–94.PubMed
21.
go back to reference Gardner R. Overview and characteristics of some occupational exposures and health risks on offshore oil and gas installations. Ann Occup Hyg. 2003;47:201–10.PubMed Gardner R. Overview and characteristics of some occupational exposures and health risks on offshore oil and gas installations. Ann Occup Hyg. 2003;47:201–10.PubMed
22.
go back to reference Niven K, McLeod R. Offshore industry: management of health hazards in the upstream petroleum industry. Occup Med. 2009;59:304–9.CrossRef Niven K, McLeod R. Offshore industry: management of health hazards in the upstream petroleum industry. Occup Med. 2009;59:304–9.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Nachreiner F, Schaufeli WB. The job demands-resources model of burnout. J Appl Psychol. 2001;86:499–512.CrossRefPubMed Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Nachreiner F, Schaufeli WB. The job demands-resources model of burnout. J Appl Psychol. 2001;86:499–512.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Bakker AB, Demerouti E. The job demands-resources model: state of the art. J Manag Psychol. 2007;22:309–28.CrossRef Bakker AB, Demerouti E. The job demands-resources model: state of the art. J Manag Psychol. 2007;22:309–28.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Karasek RA. Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: implications for job redesign. Adm Sci Q. 1979;24:285–308.CrossRef Karasek RA. Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: implications for job redesign. Adm Sci Q. 1979;24:285–308.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Siegrist J. Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions. J Occup Health Psychol. 1996;1:27–41.CrossRefPubMed Siegrist J. Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions. J Occup Health Psychol. 1996;1:27–41.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Tveiten CK, Albrechtsen E, Heggset J, Hofmann M, Jersin E, Leira B, Norddal PK. HSE challenges related to offshore renewable energy. Report no. A18107. Trondhelm: SINTEF Technology and Society; 2011. Tveiten CK, Albrechtsen E, Heggset J, Hofmann M, Jersin E, Leira B, Norddal PK. HSE challenges related to offshore renewable energy. Report no. A18107. Trondhelm: SINTEF Technology and Society; 2011.
28.
go back to reference Sneddon A, Mearns K, Flin R. Stress, fatigue, situation awareness and safety in offshore drilling crews. Saf Sci. 2013;56:80–8.CrossRef Sneddon A, Mearns K, Flin R. Stress, fatigue, situation awareness and safety in offshore drilling crews. Saf Sci. 2013;56:80–8.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Ulven AJ. Medical and psychological challenges in the offshore petroleum industry. Int Marit Health. 2009;60:40–2.PubMed Ulven AJ. Medical and psychological challenges in the offshore petroleum industry. Int Marit Health. 2009;60:40–2.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Bjerkan AM. Health, environment, safety culture and climate – analysing the relationships to occupational accidents. J Risk Res. 2010;13:445–77.CrossRef Bjerkan AM. Health, environment, safety culture and climate – analysing the relationships to occupational accidents. J Risk Res. 2010;13:445–77.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Sutherland VJ, Cooper CL. Stress in the offshore oil and gas exploration and production industries: an organizational approach to stress control. Stress Med. 1996;12:27–34.CrossRef Sutherland VJ, Cooper CL. Stress in the offshore oil and gas exploration and production industries: an organizational approach to stress control. Stress Med. 1996;12:27–34.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Ulleberg P, Rundmo T. Job stress, social support, job satisfaction and absenteeism among offshore oil personnel. Work Stress. 1997;11:215–28.CrossRef Ulleberg P, Rundmo T. Job stress, social support, job satisfaction and absenteeism among offshore oil personnel. Work Stress. 1997;11:215–28.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Ross JK. Offshore industry shift work – health and social considerations. Occup Med. 2009;59:310–5.CrossRef Ross JK. Offshore industry shift work – health and social considerations. Occup Med. 2009;59:310–5.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Sutherland VJ, Cooper CL. Stress prevention in the offshore oil and gas exploration and production industry. Geneva: International Labour Office; 1996. Sutherland VJ, Cooper CL. Stress prevention in the offshore oil and gas exploration and production industry. Geneva: International Labour Office; 1996.
35.
go back to reference Eurofond. Working time and work–life balance in a life course perspective. Dublin: Eurofond; 2012. Eurofond. Working time and work–life balance in a life course perspective. Dublin: Eurofond; 2012.
37.
go back to reference Costa G. Shift work and occupational medicine: an overview. Occup Med. 2003;53:83–8.CrossRef Costa G. Shift work and occupational medicine: an overview. Occup Med. 2003;53:83–8.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Kiss P, De Meester M, Braeckman L. Differences between younger and older workers in the need for recovery after work. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2008;81:311–20.CrossRefPubMed Kiss P, De Meester M, Braeckman L. Differences between younger and older workers in the need for recovery after work. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2008;81:311–20.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Kirchhoefer M, Mache, S, Harth, V, Mette, J: Vereinbarkeit von Berufs- und Familienleben bei Offshore-Beschäftigten – eine Übersicht. Zbl Arbeitsmed 2017. doi:10.1007/s40664-017-0189-x. Kirchhoefer M, Mache, S, Harth, V, Mette, J: Vereinbarkeit von Berufs- und Familienleben bei Offshore-Beschäftigten – eine Übersicht. Zbl Arbeitsmed 2017. doi:10.​1007/​s40664-017-0189-x.
40.
go back to reference Rodrigues VF, Fischer FM, Brito MJ. Shift work at a modern offshore drilling rig. J Hum Ergol (Tokyo). 2001;30:167–72. Rodrigues VF, Fischer FM, Brito MJ. Shift work at a modern offshore drilling rig. J Hum Ergol (Tokyo). 2001;30:167–72.
41.
go back to reference Solheim J. Coming home to work. In: Lewis J, Porter M, Shrimpton M, editors. Women, work and family in the British, Canadian and Norwegian offshore oilfields. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 1988. p. 140–62.CrossRef Solheim J. Coming home to work. In: Lewis J, Porter M, Shrimpton M, editors. Women, work and family in the British, Canadian and Norwegian offshore oilfields. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 1988. p. 140–62.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Håvold JI. Stress on the bridge of offshore vessels: examples from the North Sea. Saf Sci. 2015;71:160–6.CrossRef Håvold JI. Stress on the bridge of offshore vessels: examples from the North Sea. Saf Sci. 2015;71:160–6.CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Riethmeister V, Brouwer S, van der Klink J, Bültmann U. Work, eat and sleep: towards a healthy ageing at work program offshore. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:134.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Riethmeister V, Brouwer S, van der Klink J, Bültmann U. Work, eat and sleep: towards a healthy ageing at work program offshore. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:134.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
go back to reference Parkes KR. Demographic and lifestyle predictors of body mass index among offshore oil industry workers: cross-sectional and longitudinal findings. Occup Med. 2003;53:213–21.CrossRef Parkes KR. Demographic and lifestyle predictors of body mass index among offshore oil industry workers: cross-sectional and longitudinal findings. Occup Med. 2003;53:213–21.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Horsley H, MacKenzie I. Lifestyle survey amongst North Sea oil workers. In Proceedings of the Occupational Health Offshore Conference. Edited by Gardner R. HSE Books: Sudbury; 1997. pp. 161–79. Horsley H, MacKenzie I. Lifestyle survey amongst North Sea oil workers. In Proceedings of the Occupational Health Offshore Conference. Edited by Gardner R. HSE Books: Sudbury; 1997. pp. 161–79.
46.
go back to reference Parkes KR, Farmer E, Carnell S: Psychosocial aspects of work and health in the North Sea oil and gas industry: A survey of FPSO installations and comparison with platforms and drilling rigs. Sudbury: Health & Safety Executive; 2004. Parkes KR, Farmer E, Carnell S: Psychosocial aspects of work and health in the North Sea oil and gas industry: A survey of FPSO installations and comparison with platforms and drilling rigs. Sudbury: Health & Safety Executive; 2004.
47.
go back to reference Bjerkan AM. Work and health: a comparison between Norwegian onshore and offshore employees. Work. 2011;40:125–42.PubMed Bjerkan AM. Work and health: a comparison between Norwegian onshore and offshore employees. Work. 2011;40:125–42.PubMed
48.
49.
50.
go back to reference Guest G, Bunce A, Johnson L. How many interviews are enough?: an experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods. 2006;18:59–82.CrossRef Guest G, Bunce A, Johnson L. How many interviews are enough?: an experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods. 2006;18:59–82.CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Opdenakker RJG. Advantages and disadvantages of four interview techniques in qualitative research. Forum Qual Soc Res. 2006;7(4):11. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0604118. Opdenakker RJG. Advantages and disadvantages of four interview techniques in qualitative research. Forum Qual Soc Res. 2006;7(4):11. http://​nbn-resolving.​de/​urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0604118.
Metadata
Title
“It’s still a great adventure” – exploring offshore employees’ working conditions in a qualitative study
Authors
Janika Mette
Marcial Velasco Garrido
Volker Harth
Alexandra M. Preisser
Stefanie Mache
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1745-6673
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-017-0179-0

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology 1/2017 Go to the issue