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Journal of Neuroinflammation
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Research

Salidroside provides neuroprotection by modulating microglial polarization after cerebral ischemia

Authors: Xiangrong Liu, Shaohong Wen, Feng Yan, Kuan Liu, Liqiang Liu, Lei Wang, Shangfeng Zhao, Xunming Ji

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2018

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Abstract

Background

Following stroke, microglia can be driven to the “classically activated” pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype and the “alternatively activated” anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. Salidroside (SLDS) is known to inhibit inflammation and to possess protective effects in neurological diseases, but to date, the exact mechanisms involved in these processes after stroke have yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of SLDS on neuroprotection and microglial polarization after stroke.

Methods

Male adult C57/BL6 mice were subjected to focal transient cerebral ischemia followed by intravenous SLDS injection. The optimal dose was determined by evaluation of cerebral infarct volume and neurological functions. RT-PCR and immunostaining were performed to assess microglial polarization. A transwell system and a direct-contact coculture system were used to elucidate the effects of SLDS-induced microglial polarization on oligodendrocyte differentiation and neuronal survival.

Results

SLDS significantly reduced cerebral infarction and improved neurological function after cerebral ischemia. SLDS treatment reduced the expression of M1 microglia/macrophage markers and increased the expression of M2 microglia/macrophage markers after stroke and induced primary microglia from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype. Furthermore, SLDS treatment enhanced microglial phagocytosis and suppressed microglial-derived inflammatory cytokine release. Cocultures of oligodendrocytes and SLDS-treated M1 microglia resulted in increased oligodendrocyte differentiation. Moreover, SLDS protected neurons against oxygen glucose deprivation by promoting microglial M2 polarization.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate that SLDS protects against cerebral ischemia by modulating microglial polarization. An understanding of the mechanisms involved in SLDS-mediated microglial polarization may lead to new therapeutic opportunities after stroke.
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Metadata
Title
Salidroside provides neuroprotection by modulating microglial polarization after cerebral ischemia
Authors
Xiangrong Liu
Shaohong Wen
Feng Yan
Kuan Liu
Liqiang Liu
Lei Wang
Shangfeng Zhao
Xunming Ji
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1081-0

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