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Journal of Neuroinflammation
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research

High-fat diet feeding differentially affects the development of inflammation in the central nervous system

Authors: Owein Guillemot-Legris, Julien Masquelier, Amandine Everard, Patrice D. Cani, Mireille Alhouayek, Giulio G. Muccioli

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

Obesity and its associated disorders are becoming a major health issue in many countries. The resulting low-grade inflammation not only affects the periphery but also the central nervous system. We set out to study, in a time-dependent manner, the effects of a high-fat diet on different regions of the central nervous system with regard to the inflammatory tone.

Methods

We used a diet-induced obesity model and compared at several time-points (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 16 weeks) a group of mice fed a high-fat diet with its respective control group fed a standard diet. We also performed a large-scale analysis of lipids in the central nervous system using HPLC-MS, and we then tested the lipids of interest on a primary co-culture of astrocytes and microglial cells.

Results

We measured an increase in the inflammatory tone in the cerebellum at the different time-points. However, at week 16, we evidenced that the inflammatory tone displayed significant differences in two different regions of the central nervous system, specifically an increase in the cerebellum and no modification in the cortex for high-fat diet mice when compared with chow-fed mice. Our results clearly suggest region-dependent as well as time-dependent adaptations of the central nervous system to the high-fat diet. The differences in inflammatory tone between the two regions considered seem to involve astrocytes but not microglial cells. Furthermore, a large-scale lipid screening coupled to ex vivo testing enabled us to identify three classes of lipids—phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylethanolamines, and lysophosphatidylcholines—as well as palmitoylethanolamide, as potentially responsible for the difference in inflammatory tone.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the inflammatory tone induced by a high-fat diet does not similarly affect distinct regions of the central nervous system. Moreover, the lipids identified and tested ex vivo showed interesting anti-inflammatory properties and could be further studied to better characterize their activity and their role in controlling inflammation in the central nervous system.
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Metadata
Title
High-fat diet feeding differentially affects the development of inflammation in the central nervous system
Authors
Owein Guillemot-Legris
Julien Masquelier
Amandine Everard
Patrice D. Cani
Mireille Alhouayek
Giulio G. Muccioli
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-016-0666-8

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