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Journal of Neuroinflammation
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research

Depressive symptoms are associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha in systemic lupus erythematosus

Authors: Mariana Postal, Aline Tamires Lapa, Nailú Angélica Sinicato, Karina de Oliveira Peliçari, Fernando Augusto Peres, Lilian Tereza Lavras Costallat, Paula Teixeira Fernandes, Roberto Marini, Simone Appenzeller

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is deeply related to pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, especially depression. The aim of this study was to explore potential relationships between sera TNF-α levels and mood and anxiety disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Methods

We included 153 consecutive SLE patients (women 148; median age 30; range 10–62) and 40 (women 37; mean age 28.5; range 12–59) age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Mood and anxiety disorders were determined through Beck Depression and Beck Anxiety Inventory. SLE patients were further assessed for clinical and laboratory SLE manifestations. TNF-α levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial kits.

Results

Depressive symptoms were identified in 70 (45.7 %) SLE patients and in 10 (25 %) healthy controls (p < 0.001). Anxiety symptoms were identified in 93 (60.7 %) SLE patients and in 16 controls (40 %) (p < 0.001). Sera TNF-α levels were increased in SLE patients with depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) and with anxiety symptoms (p = 0.014). A direct correlation between the severity of depressive symptoms and sera TNF-α levels (r = 0.22; p = 0.003) was observed. TNF-α levels were significantly increased in patients with active disease (p = 0.012). In addition, we observed a correlation between sera TNF-α levels and disease activity (r = 0.28; p = 0.008). In the multivariate analysis, sera TNF-α levels were independently associated with depressive symptoms (t = 3.28; 95 % CI 1.08–2.2; p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Sera TNF-α levels are increased in SLE patients with mood and anxiety disorders. In SLE, sera TNF-α levels are independently associated with mood disorders. The etiology of mood disorders is still debated in SLE, but our findings suggest the presence of immunological basis for depression in SLE.
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Metadata
Title
Depressive symptoms are associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors
Mariana Postal
Aline Tamires Lapa
Nailú Angélica Sinicato
Karina de Oliveira Peliçari
Fernando Augusto Peres
Lilian Tereza Lavras Costallat
Paula Teixeira Fernandes
Roberto Marini
Simone Appenzeller
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-015-0471-9

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