Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Published in: Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Research

Quantification of myocardial infarct area based on TRAFFn relaxation time maps - comparison with cardiovascular magnetic resonance late gadolinium enhancement, T1ρ and T2 in vivo

Authors: Elias Yla-Herttuala, Svetlana Laidinen, Hanne Laakso, Timo Liimatainen

Published in: Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance | Issue 1/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Two days after myocardial infarction (MI), the infarct consists mostly on necrotic tissue, and the myocardium is transformed through granulation tissue to scar in two weeks after the onset of ischemia in mice. In the current work, we determined and optimized cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) methods for the detection of MI size during the scar formation without contrast agents in mice.

Methods

We characterized MI and remote areas with rotating frame relaxation time mapping including relaxation along fictitious field in nth rotating frame (RAFFn), T1ρ and T2 relaxation time mappings at 1, 3, 7, and 21 days after MI. These results were compared to late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and Sirius Red-stained histology sections, which were obtained at day 21 after MI.

Results

All relaxation time maps showed significant differences in relaxation time between the MI and remote area. Areas of increased signal intensities after gadolinium injection and areas with increased TRAFF2 relaxation time were highly correlated with the MI area determined from Sirius Red-stained histology sections (LGE: R2 = 0.92, P < 0.01, TRAFF2: R2 = 0.95, P < 0.001). Infarct area determined based on T1ρ relaxation time correlated highly with Sirius Red histology sections (R2 = 0.97, P < 0.01). The smallest overestimation of the LGE-defined MI area was obtained for TRAFF2 (5.6 ± 4.2%) while for T1ρ overestimation percentage was > 9% depending on T1ρ pulse power.

Conclusion

T1ρ and TRAFF2 relaxation time maps can be used to determine accurately MI area at various time points in the mouse heart. Determination of MI size based on TRAFF2 relaxation time maps could be performed without contrast agents, unlike LGE, and with lower specific absorption rate compared to on-resonance T1ρ relaxation time mapping.
Literature
1.
Ylä-Herttuala S, Bridges C, Katz MG, Korpisalo P. Angiogennic gene therapy in cardiovascular diseases: dream or vision? Eur Heart J. 2017;38:1365–71.PubMedPubMedCentral
2.
3.
Blankesteijn WM, Creemers E, Lutgens E, Cleutjens JP, Daemen MJ, Smits JF. Dynamics of cardiac wound healing following myocardial infarction: observations in genetically altered mice. Acta Physiol Scand. 2001;173:75–82.CrossRefPubMed
4.
5.
6.
Holmes JW, Yamashita H, Waldman LK, Covell JW. Scar remodeling and transmural deformation after infarction in the pig. Circulation. 1994;90:411–20.CrossRefPubMed
7.
McKay RG, Pfeffer MA, Pasternak RC, Markis JE, Come PC, Nakao S, Alderman JD, Ferguson JJ, Safian RD, Grossman W. Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: a corollary to infarct expansion. Circulation. 1986;74:693–702.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Frangogiannis NG, Smith CW, Entman ML. The inflammatory response in myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res. 2002;53:31–47.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Gaudron P, Kugler I, Hu K, Bauer W, Eilles C, Ertl G. Time course of cardiac structural, functional and electrical changes in asymptomatic patients after myocardial infarction: their inter-relation and prognostic impact. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:33–40.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Muthupillai R, Flamm SD, Wilson JM, Pettigrew RI, Dixon WT. Acute myocardial infarction: tissue characterization with T1ρ-weighted MR imaging - initial experience. Radiology. 2004;232:606–10.CrossRefPubMed
11.
van Oorschot JWM, El Aidi H, Jansen of Lorkeers SJ, Gho JM, Froeling M, Visser F, Chamuleau SA, Doevendans PA, Luijten PR, Lainer T, Zwanenburg JJ. Endogenous assessment of chronic myocardial infarction with T1ρ-mapping in patients. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2014;16:104–12.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Verhaert D, Thavendiranathan P, Giri S, Mihai G, Rajagopalan S, Simonetti OP, Raman SV. Direct T2 quantification of myocardial edema in acute ischemic injury. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4:269–78.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
de Roos A, van der Wall EE. Evaluation of ischemic heart disease by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Radiol Clin N Am. 1994;32:581–92.PubMed
14.
Huber S, Muthupillai R, Lambert B, Pereyra M, Napoli A, Flamm SD. Tissue characterization of myocardial infarction using T1ρ: influence of contrast dose and time of imaging after contrast administration. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006;24:1040–6.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Abdel-Aty H, Zagrosek A, Schultz-Menger J, Taylor AJ, Messroghli D, Kumar A, Gross M, Dietz T, Friedrich MG. Delayed enhancement and T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging differentiate acute from chronic myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2004;109:2411–6.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Witschey WR, Zsido GA, Koomalsingh K, Kondo N, Minakawa M, Shuto T, McGarvey JR, Levack MM, Contijoch F, Pilla JJ, Gorman JH 3rd, Gorman RC. In vivo chronic myocardial infarction characterization by spin locked cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2012;14:37.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Witschey WR, Pilla JJ, Ferrari G, Koomalsingh K, Haris M, Himmon R, Zsido G, Gorman JH 3rd, Gorman RC, Reddy R. Rotating frame spin lattice relaxation in a swine model of chronic, left ventricular myocardial infarction. Magn Reson Med. 2010;64:1453–60.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Abdel-Aty H, Simonetti O, Friedrich MG. T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017;26:452–9.CrossRef
19.
Reimer KA, Jennings RB. The changing anatomic reference base of evolving myocardial infarction. Underestimation of myocardial collateral blood flow and overestimation of experimental anatomic infarct size due to tissue edema, hemorrhage and acute inflammation. Circulation. 1979;60:866–76.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Hakumäki JM, Gröhn OH, Tyynelä K, Valonen P, Ylä-Herttuala S, Kauppinen RA. Early gene therapy-induced apoptotic response in BT4C gliomas by magnetic resonance relaxation contrast T1 in the rotating frame. Cancer Gene Ther. 2002;9:338–45.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Mustafa HSN, Dragneva G, Lottonen L, Merentie M, Petrov L, Heikura T, Ylä-Herttuala E, Ylä-Herttuala S, Gröhn O, Liimatainen T. Longitudinal rotating frame relaxation time measurements in infarcted mouse myocardium in vivo. Magn Reson Med. 2013;69:1389–95.CrossRef
22.
23.
Liimatainen T, Hakkarainen H, Mangia S, Huttunen JM, Storino C, Idiyatullin D, Sorce D, Garwood M, Michaeli S. MRI contrasts in high rank rotating frames. Magn Reson Med. 2015;73:254–62.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Hakkarainen H, Sierra A, Mangia S, Garwood M, Michaeli S, Gröhn O, Liimatainen T. MRI relaxation in the presence of fictitious fields correlates with myelin content in normal rat brain. Magn Reson Med. 2016;75:161–8.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Gao E, Lei YH, Shang X, Huang ZM, Zuo L, Boucher M, Fan Q, Chuprun JK, Ma XL, Koch WJ. A novel and efficient model of coronary artery ligation and myocardial infarction in the mouse. Circ Res. 2010;107:1445–53.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Vaughan JT, Garwood M, Collins CM, Liu W, DelaBarre L, Adriany G, Andersen P, Merkle H, Goebel R, Smith MB, Urgurbil K. 7 T vs. 4 T: RF power, homogeneity, and signal-to-noise comparison in head images. Magn Reson Med. 2001;46:24–30.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Amano Y, Tachi M, Kumita S. Three-dimensional look-locker MRI for evaluation of postcontrast myocardial and blood T1 values: comparison with two-dimensional look-locker and late gadolinium enhancement MRI. Acta Radiol. 2013;54:8–13.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Park C, Park EH, Chang K, Hong KS. Sector-based assessment of infarct size on late-gadolinium-enhancement MRI in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction. Int Heart J. 2016;57:736–41.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Ugander M, Bagi PS, Oki AJ, Chen B, Hsu LY, Aletras AH, Shah S, Greiser A, Kellman P, Arai AE. Myocardial edema as detected by pre-contrast T1 andT2 CMR delineates area at risk associated with acute myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:595–603.CrossRef
30.
Liimatainen T, Sierra A, Hanson T, Sorce DJ, Ylä-Herttuala S, Garwood M, Michaeli S, Gröhn O. Glioma cell density in a rat gene therapy model gauged by water relaxation rate along a fictitious magnetic field. Magn Reson Med. 2012;67:269–77.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Kettunen MI, Sierra A, Närväinen MJ, Valonen PK, Ylä-Herttuala S, Kauppinen RA, Gröhn OH. Low spin-lock field T1 relaxation in the rotating frame as a sensitive MR imaging marker for gene therapy treatment response in rat glioma. Radiology. 2007;243:796–803.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Bönner F, Jacoby C, Temme S, Borg N, Ding Z, Schrader J, Flögel U. Multifunctional MR monitoring of the healing process after myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol. 2014;109:430.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Mäkelä HI, De Vita E, Gröhn OH, Kettunen MI, Kayec M, Lythgoe M, Garwood M, Ordidge R, Kauppinen RA. B0 dependence of the on-resonance longitudinal relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1rho) in protein phantoms and rat brain in vivo. Magn Reson Med. 2004;51:4–8.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Haberkorn SM, Jacoby C, Ding Z, Keul P, Bönner F, Polzin A, Levkau B, Schrader J, Kelm M, Flögel U. Cardiocascular magnetic resonance relaxometry predicts regional functional outcome after experimental myocardial infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10:e006025.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Nahrendorf M, Hiller KH, Hu K, Ertl G, Haase A, Bauer WR. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in small animal models of human heart failure. Med Image Anal. 2003;7:369–75.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Quantification of myocardial infarct area based on TRAFFn relaxation time maps - comparison with cardiovascular magnetic resonance late gadolinium enhancement, T1ρ and T2 in vivo
Authors
Elias Yla-Herttuala
Svetlana Laidinen
Hanne Laakso
Timo Liimatainen
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1532-429X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-018-0463-x

Other articles of this Issue 1/2018

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 1/2018 Go to the issue

Research

Noninvasive hematocrit assessment for cardiovascular magnetic resonance extracellular volume quantification using a point-of-care device and synthetic derivation

Research

Associations and prognostic significance of diffuse myocardial fibrosis by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Research

Impaired aortic distensibility and elevated central blood pressure in Turner Syndrome: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study

Research

Systemic arteriosclerosis is associated with left ventricular remodeling but not atherosclerosis: a TASCFORCE study

Research

Maldistribution of pulmonary blood flow in patients after the Fontan operation is associated with worse exercise capacity

Research

A comparison of both DENSE and feature tracking techniques with tagging for the cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of myocardial strain