Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1/2020

01-12-2020 | Burnout Syndrome | Research

Development and validation of the Short Professional Quality of Life Scale based on versions IV and V of the Professional Quality of Life Scale

Authors: Laura Galiana, Amparo Oliver, Fernanda Arena, Gustavo De Simone, José M. Tomás, Gabriel Vidal-Blanco, Inmaculada Muñoz-Martínez, Noemí Sansó

Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes | Issue 1/2020

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

This research presents a short version of the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale, one of the most frequently used questionnaires in the arena of applied healthcare investigation. It measures burnout (BO), compassion fatigue (CF), and compassion satisfaction (CS).

Methods

A 9-item version of the ProQOL was developed. In Study 1, this short version, which used items from version IV of the ProQOL, was administered to 817 palliative care professionals from Spain, Argentina, and Brazil. In Study 2, the same nine items, but this time from version V of the ProQOL, were administered to 296 Spanish palliative care professionals.

Results

Study 1: The Short ProQOL showed an adequate internal structure, and invariance across the countries studied (χ2(106) = 185.620 (p < 0.001), CFI = .929, RMSEA = 0.058 [0.044, 0.072], SRMR = 0.081). Argentinians showed higher levels of BO (mean difference = 0.172, p = 0.042, Cohen’s d = 0.168), whereas Brazilians showed higher levels of CF (Mean difference = 0.384, p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.352). Study 2: the Short ProQOL again showed adequate internal structure and reliability (χ2(24) = 134.504 (p < 0.001); CFI = 0.953; RMSEA = 0.126 [0.106, 0.147]; SRMR = 0.063), and was related to coping with death, self-compassion, and self-care.

Conclusions

The Short ProQOL could help facilitate the application of harmonizing measurements and its use for cross-cultural comparisons and occupational health monitoring was satisfactory.
Literature
6.
7.
go back to reference McCray LW, Cronholm PF, Bogner HR, Gallo JJ, Neill RA. Resident physician burnout: is there hope? Fam Med. 2008;40(9):626–32.PubMedPubMedCentral McCray LW, Cronholm PF, Bogner HR, Gallo JJ, Neill RA. Resident physician burnout: is there hope? Fam Med. 2008;40(9):626–32.PubMedPubMedCentral
8.
go back to reference Burton A, Burgess C, Dean S, Koutsopoulou GZ, Hugh-Jones S. How effective are mindfulness-based interventions for reducing stress among healthcare professionals? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Stress Health. 2017;33(1):3–13.CrossRefPubMed Burton A, Burgess C, Dean S, Koutsopoulou GZ, Hugh-Jones S. How effective are mindfulness-based interventions for reducing stress among healthcare professionals? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Stress Health. 2017;33(1):3–13.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Figley CR. Compassion fatigue: coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. London: Routledge; 2013.CrossRef Figley CR. Compassion fatigue: coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. London: Routledge; 2013.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Stamm BH. Helping the helpers: compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue in self-care, management, and policy. In: Kirkwood AD, Stamm BH, editors. Resources for community suicide prevention [CD]. Meridian and Pocatello, ID: Idaho State University Article; 2012. Stamm BH. Helping the helpers: compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue in self-care, management, and policy. In: Kirkwood AD, Stamm BH, editors. Resources for community suicide prevention [CD]. Meridian and Pocatello, ID: Idaho State University Article; 2012.
11.
go back to reference Bride BE, Radey M, Figley CR. Measuring compassion fatigue. Clin Soc Work J. 2007;35(3):155–63.CrossRef Bride BE, Radey M, Figley CR. Measuring compassion fatigue. Clin Soc Work J. 2007;35(3):155–63.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Hooper C, Craig J, Janvrin DR, Wetsel MA, Reimels E. Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue among emergency nurses compared with nurses in other selected inpatient specialties. J Emerg Nurs. 2010;36(5):420–7.CrossRefPubMed Hooper C, Craig J, Janvrin DR, Wetsel MA, Reimels E. Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue among emergency nurses compared with nurses in other selected inpatient specialties. J Emerg Nurs. 2010;36(5):420–7.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Sansó N, Galiana L, Oliver A, Pascual A, Sinclair S, Benito E. Palliative care professionals’ inner life: exploring the relationships among awareness, self-care, and compassion satisfaction and fatigue, burnout, and coping with death. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2015;50(2):200–7.CrossRef Sansó N, Galiana L, Oliver A, Pascual A, Sinclair S, Benito E. Palliative care professionals’ inner life: exploring the relationships among awareness, self-care, and compassion satisfaction and fatigue, burnout, and coping with death. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2015;50(2):200–7.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Galiana L, Oliver A, Sansó N, Benito E. Validation of a new instrument for self-care in Spanish palliative care professionals nationwide. Span J Psychol. 2015;18:e67.CrossRefPubMed Galiana L, Oliver A, Sansó N, Benito E. Validation of a new instrument for self-care in Spanish palliative care professionals nationwide. Span J Psychol. 2015;18:e67.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Duarte J, Pinto-Gouveia J, Cruz B. Relationships between nurses’ empathy, self-compassion and dimensions of Professional Quality of Life: a cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016;60:1–11.CrossRefPubMed Duarte J, Pinto-Gouveia J, Cruz B. Relationships between nurses’ empathy, self-compassion and dimensions of Professional Quality of Life: a cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016;60:1–11.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Stamm BH. Professional Quality of Life: compassion satisfaction and fatigue subscales, R-IV (ProQOL). Retrieved January. 2005. Stamm BH. Professional Quality of Life: compassion satisfaction and fatigue subscales, R-IV (ProQOL). Retrieved January. 2005.
17.
go back to reference Stamm BH. Professional Quality of Life Measure: compassion, satisfaction, and fatigue version 5 (ProQOL). Retrieved January. 2009. Stamm BH. Professional Quality of Life Measure: compassion, satisfaction, and fatigue version 5 (ProQOL). Retrieved January. 2009.
18.
go back to reference Avieli H, Ben-David S, Levy I. Predicting Professional Quality of Life among professional and volunteer caregivers. Psychol Trauma. 2016;8(1):80–7.CrossRefPubMed Avieli H, Ben-David S, Levy I. Predicting Professional Quality of Life among professional and volunteer caregivers. Psychol Trauma. 2016;8(1):80–7.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Sansó N, Galiana L, Cebolla A, Oliver A, Benito E, Ekman E. Cultivating emotional balance in professional caregivers: a pilot intervention. Mindfulness. 2017;8(5):1319–27.CrossRef Sansó N, Galiana L, Cebolla A, Oliver A, Benito E, Ekman E. Cultivating emotional balance in professional caregivers: a pilot intervention. Mindfulness. 2017;8(5):1319–27.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Pelon SB. Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in hospice social work. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care. 2017;13(2–3):134–50.CrossRefPubMed Pelon SB. Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in hospice social work. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care. 2017;13(2–3):134–50.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Hemsworth D, Baregheh A, Aoun S, Kazanjian A. A critical enquiry into the psychometric properties of the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQol-5) instrument. Appl Nurs Res. 2018;39:81–8.CrossRefPubMed Hemsworth D, Baregheh A, Aoun S, Kazanjian A. A critical enquiry into the psychometric properties of the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQol-5) instrument. Appl Nurs Res. 2018;39:81–8.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Dang W, Cheng W, Ma H, Lin J, Wu B, Ma N, Wang R, Xu J, Zhou T, Yu X. Reliability and validity of Professional Quality of Life Scale among government staff in earthquake-stricken areas in China. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zh. 2015;33(6):440–3. Dang W, Cheng W, Ma H, Lin J, Wu B, Ma N, Wang R, Xu J, Zhou T, Yu X. Reliability and validity of Professional Quality of Life Scale among government staff in earthquake-stricken areas in China. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zh. 2015;33(6):440–3.
23.
go back to reference Samson T, Iecovich E, Shvartzman P. Psychometric characteristics of the Hebrew version of the Professional Quality-of-Life Scale. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2016;52(4):575–81.CrossRef Samson T, Iecovich E, Shvartzman P. Psychometric characteristics of the Hebrew version of the Professional Quality-of-Life Scale. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2016;52(4):575–81.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Roney LN, Acri MC. The cost of caring: an exploration of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and job satisfaction in pediatric nurses. J Pediatr Nurs. 2018;40:74–80.CrossRefPubMed Roney LN, Acri MC. The cost of caring: an exploration of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and job satisfaction in pediatric nurses. J Pediatr Nurs. 2018;40:74–80.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Schmitt N, Ali AA. The practical importance of measurement invariance. In: Lance CE, Vandenberg RJ, editors. More statistical and methodological myths and urban legends. New York: Routledge; 2015. p. 327–46. Schmitt N, Ali AA. The practical importance of measurement invariance. In: Lance CE, Vandenberg RJ, editors. More statistical and methodological myths and urban legends. New York: Routledge; 2015. p. 327–46.
27.
go back to reference Stamm BH. The concise ProQOL manual. Proqol.org; 2010. Stamm BH. The concise ProQOL manual. Proqol.org; 2010.
30.
go back to reference Brown TA. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford; 2006. Brown TA. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford; 2006.
31.
go back to reference Thompson MS, Green SB. Evaluating between-group differences in latent variable means. In: Hancock GR, Mueller RO, editors. Structural equation modeling: a second course. Greenwich, Connecticut: Information Age Publishing; 2006. pp. 119–69. Thompson MS, Green SB. Evaluating between-group differences in latent variable means. In: Hancock GR, Mueller RO, editors. Structural equation modeling: a second course. Greenwich, Connecticut: Information Age Publishing; 2006. pp. 119–69.
32.
go back to reference Van de Schoot R, Lugtig P, Hox J. A checklist for testing measurement invariance. Eur Dev Psychol. 2012;9(4):486–92.CrossRef Van de Schoot R, Lugtig P, Hox J. A checklist for testing measurement invariance. Eur Dev Psychol. 2012;9(4):486–92.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Publications; 2015. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Publications; 2015.
38.
go back to reference Muthén L, Muthén B. Mplus user’s guide, 8th ed. [Computer software manual]. Los Angeles, CA. 2017. Muthén L, Muthén B. Mplus user’s guide, 8th ed. [Computer software manual]. Los Angeles, CA. 2017.
39.
go back to reference McDonald RP. Test theory: a unified treatment. Mahwah: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. Inc.; 1999. p. 142–5. McDonald RP. Test theory: a unified treatment. Mahwah: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. Inc.; 1999. p. 142–5.
49.
go back to reference Van Hook MP, Rothenberg M. Quality of life and compassion satisfaction/fatigue and burnout in child welfare workers: a study of the child welfare workers in community based care organizations in Central Florida. Soc Work Christ. 2009;36:36–54. Van Hook MP, Rothenberg M. Quality of life and compassion satisfaction/fatigue and burnout in child welfare workers: a study of the child welfare workers in community based care organizations in Central Florida. Soc Work Christ. 2009;36:36–54.
54.
go back to reference Sprang G, Craig C, Clark J. Secondary traumatic stress and burnout in child welfare workers: a comparative analysis of occupational distress across professional groups. Child Welf. 2011;90(6):149–68. Sprang G, Craig C, Clark J. Secondary traumatic stress and burnout in child welfare workers: a comparative analysis of occupational distress across professional groups. Child Welf. 2011;90(6):149–68.
61.
go back to reference Beaumont E, Durkin M, Hollins CJ, Carson J. Measuring relationships between self-compassion, compassion fatigue, burnout and well-being in trainee counselors and trainee cognitive behavioural psychotherapists: a quantitative survey. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2016;16:15–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12054.CrossRef Beaumont E, Durkin M, Hollins CJ, Carson J. Measuring relationships between self-compassion, compassion fatigue, burnout and well-being in trainee counselors and trainee cognitive behavioural psychotherapists: a quantitative survey. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2016;16:15–23. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​capr.​12054.CrossRef
64.
go back to reference Aukstinaityte R, Zajanckauskaite-Staskeviciene L. Relationship between experienced compassion outcomes, burnout and health-related behaviour among psychologists. Psichologija. 2010;42:44–58.CrossRef Aukstinaityte R, Zajanckauskaite-Staskeviciene L. Relationship between experienced compassion outcomes, burnout and health-related behaviour among psychologists. Psichologija. 2010;42:44–58.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Development and validation of the Short Professional Quality of Life Scale based on versions IV and V of the Professional Quality of Life Scale
Authors
Laura Galiana
Amparo Oliver
Fernanda Arena
Gustavo De Simone
José M. Tomás
Gabriel Vidal-Blanco
Inmaculada Muñoz-Martínez
Noemí Sansó
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1477-7525
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01618-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1/2020 Go to the issue