Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Research

Psychological distress and resilience of mothers and fathers with respect to the neurobehavioral performance of small-for-gestational-age newborns

Authors: Mercedes Bellido-González, Humbelina Robles-Ortega, María José Castelar-Ríos, Miguel Ángel Díaz-López, José Luís Gallo-Vallejo, María Fernanda Moreno-Galdó, Macarena de los Santos-Roig

Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes | Issue 1/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The existence of psychological distress (PD) during pregnancy is well established. Nevertheless, few studies have analyzed the PD and resilience of mothers and fathers during high-risk pregnancy. This study analyzes the differences between parents’ PD and resilience and the relation between them and the neurobehavioral performance of their SGA newborns.

Methods

This prospective study compares two groups of parents and newborns: case group (52 parents and 26 SGA fetuses) and comparison group (68 parents and 34 appropriate-for-gestational-age, AGA, fetuses). In each group, the parents were evaluated during the last trimester of pregnancy, to obtain standardized measures of depression, stress, anxiety, and resilience. At 40 ± 1 weeks corrected gestational age, psychologists evaluated the state of neonatal neuromaturity achieved.

Results

Multivariate analysis of variance showed, in gender comparisons, that mothers obtained higher scores than fathers for psychological distress but lower ones for resilience. Similar differences were obtained in the comparison of parents’ distress to intrauterine growth by SGA vs. AGA newborns. Mothers of SGA newborns were more distressed than the other groups. However, there were no differences between the fathers of SGA vs. AGA newborns. Regarding neurobehavioral performance, the profiles of SGA newborns reflected a lower degree of maturity than those of AGA newborns. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that high stress and low resilience among mothers partially predict low neurobehavioral performance in SGA newborns.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that mothers of SGA newborns may need psychological support to relieve stress and improve their resilience. Furthermore, attention should be paid to the neurobehavioral performance of their babies in case early attention is needed.
Literature
1.
Dunkel-Schetter C. Psychological science on pregnancy: Stress processes, biopsychosocial models, and emerging research issues. Annu Rev Psychol. 2011;62:531–58.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Savchev S, Sanz-Cortes M, Cruz-Martínez R, Arranz A, Botet F, Gratacos E, Figueras F. Neurodevelopmental outcome of full-term small-for-gestational-age babies with normal placental function. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2013;42(2):201–6.PubMedCrossRef
3.
4.
Luz R, George A, Spitz E, Vieux R. Breaking bad news in prenatal medicine: A literature review. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2017;35(1):14–31.PubMedCrossRef
5.
6.
Gómez ME, Berenzon S, Lara MA, Ito MER. Malestar psicológico en mujeres con embarazo de alto riesgo. Summa Psicológica UST. 2016;13(1):89–100.CrossRef
7.
Kingston D, Tough S, Whitfield H. Prenatal and postpartum maternal psychological distress and baby development: A systematic review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2012;43(5):683–714.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Dunkel-Schetter C, Tanner L. Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: Implications for mothers, children, research, and practice. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012;25(2):141–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Glover V. Maternal depression, anxiety and stress during pregnancy and child outcome; what needs to be done. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;28(1):25–35.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Bolten MI, Wurmser H, Buske-Kirschbaum A, Papoušek M, Pirke K, Hellhammer D. Cortisol levels in pregnancy as a psychobiological predictor for birth weight. Arch Wom Ment Health. 2011;14(1):33–41.CrossRef
11.
Goedhart G, Snijders AC, Hesselink AE, van Poppel MN, Bonsel GJ, Vrijkotte TG. Maternal depressive symptoms in relation to perinatal mortality and morbidity: Results from a large multiethnic cohort study. Psychosom Med. 2010;72(8):769–76.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Henrichs J, Schenk J, Roza S, Van den Berg M, Schmidt H, Steegers E, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H. Maternal psychological distress and fetal growth trajectories: The generation R study. Psychol Med. 2010;40(4):633–43.PubMedCrossRef
13.
King S, Laplante DP. The effects of prenatal maternal stress on children’s cognitive development: Project ice storm. Stress. 2005;8(1):35–45.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Raposa E, Hammen C, Brennan P, Najman J. The long-term effects of maternal depression: Early childhood physical health as a pathway to offspring depression. J Adolesc Health. 2014;54(1):88–93.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Talge NM, Neal C, Glover V. Antenatal maternal stress and long-term effects on child neurodevelopment: How and why? J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007;48(3–4):245–61.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Southwick SM, Bonanno GA, Masten AS, Panter-Brick C, Yehuda R. Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: Interdisciplinary perspectives. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2014;5:1–14.CrossRef
17.
Bonanno GA. Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? Am Psychol. 2004;59(1):20.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Masten AS. Resilience in developing systems: Progress and promise as the fourth wave rises. Dev Psychopathol. 2007;19(3):921–30.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Rutten BP, Hammels C, Geschwind N, Menne-Lothmann C, Pishva E, Schruers K, van den Hove D, Kenis G, Wichers M. Resilience in mental health: linking psychological and neurobiological perspectives. Acta Psychiat Scand. 2013;128(1):3–20.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Davydov DM, Stewart R, Ritchie K, Chaudieu I. Resilience and mental health. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010;30(5):479–95.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Mautner E, Stern C, Deutsch M, Nagele E, Greimel E, Lang U, Cervar-Zivkovic M. The impact of resilience on psychological outcomes in women after preeclampsia: An observational cohort study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013;11(1):194–200.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
Nie C, Dai Q, Zhao R, Dong Y, Chen Y, Ren H. The impact of resilience on psychological outcomes in women with threatened premature labor and spouses: A cross-sectional study in southwest china. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2017;15(1):26.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
23.
Figueiredo B, Conde A. Anxiety and depression in women and men from early pregnancy to 3-months postpartum. Arch Wom Ment Health. 2011;14(3):247–55.CrossRef
24.
Teixeira C, Figueiredo B, Conde A, Pacheco A, Costa R. Anxiety and depression during pregnancy in women and men. J Affect Disord. 2009;119(1):142–8.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Edward KL, Castle D, Mills C, Davis L, Casey J. An integrative review of paternal depression. Am J Mens Health. 2015;9(1):26–34.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Candelori C, Trumello C, Babore A, Keren M, Romanelli R. The experience of premature birth for fathers: The application of the clinical interview for parents of high-risk infants (CLIP) to an italian sample. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1444.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
27.
Spanish Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, SEGO. Intrauterine growth restriction. Madrid: SEGO; 2009.
28.
Figueras F, Caradeux J, Crispi F, Eixarch E, Peguero A, Gratacos E. Diagnosis and surveillance of late-onset fetal growth restriction. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2018;218(2):S790–802.PubMedCrossRef
29.
García-Alix A, Quero J. Evaluación neurológica del recién nacido. Madrid: Ediciones Díaz de Santos; 2012.
30.
Maternity Queensland and Neonatal Clinical Guidelines Program. Queensland Maternity and Neonatal Clinical Guideline: Term small for gestational age baby. Healthcare Improvement Unit: Queensland; 2016.
31.
Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:782–6.PubMedCrossRef
32.
García-Esteve L, Ascaso C, Ojuel J, Navarro P. Validation of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) in Spanish mothers. J Affect Disord. 2003;75(1):71–6.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Rini CK, Dunkel-Schetter C, Wadhwa PD, Sandman CA. Psychological adaptation and birth outcomes: The role of personal resources, stress, and sociocultural context in pregnancy. Health Psychol. 1999;18(4):333.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24(4):385–96.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Remor E. Psychometric Properties of a European Spanish Version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Span J Psychol. 2006;9(1):86–93.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76–82.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Notario-Pacheco B, Solera-Martínez M, Serrano-Parra MD, Bartolomé-Gutiérrez R, García-Campayo J, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale (10-item CD-RISC) in young adults. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2011;9(1):1–12.CrossRef
38.
Brazelton TB, Nugent JK. Neonatal behavioral assessment scale (4th edition). London: Mac Keith Press; 2011.
39.
Costas C, Fornieles A, Botet F, Boatella E, De Cáceres ML. Evaluación psicométrica de la Escala de Brazelton en una muestra de recién nacidos españoles. Psicothema. 2007;1:140–9.
40.
Hayes A. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis. A Regression-Based Approach. New York: Guilford; 2013.
41.
Cohen J, Cohen P, West SG, Aiken LS. Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. England and Wales: Routledge; 2013.CrossRef
42.
43.
44.
Redshaw M, Henderson J. Fathers’ engagement in pregnancy and childbirth: Evidence from a national survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013;13(1):1–10.CrossRef
45.
46.
Glover V. Prenatal stress and its effects on the fetus and the child: Possible underlying biological mechanisms. In: Antonelli MC, editor. Perinatal programming of neurodevelopment. Vol. 10. Advances in Neurobiology, vol. 2015. New York: Springer; 2015. p. 269–83.
47.
Condon JT, Boyce P, Corkindale CJ. The First-Time Fathers Study: a prospective study of the mental health and wellbeing of men during the transition to parenthood. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2004;38:56–64.PubMedCrossRef
48.
de Cock ES, Henrichs J, Klimstra TA, Maas AJB, Vreeswijk CM, Meeus WH, van Bakel HJA. Longitudinal associations between parental bonding, parenting stress, and executive functioning in toddlerhood. J Child Fam Stud. 2017;26:1507–26.CrossRef
49.
Masho SW, Chapman D, Ashby M. The impact of paternity and marital status on low birth weight and preterm births. Marriage & Family Review. 2010;46(4):243–56.CrossRef
50.
Padidela RN, Bhat V. Neurobehavioral assessment of appropriate for gestational and small for gestational age babies. Indian Pediatr. 2003;40(11):1063–8.PubMed
51.
Feldman R, Eidelman AI. Neonatal state organization, neuromaturation, mother- baby interaction, and cognitive development in small-for-gestational-age premature babies. Pediatrics. 2006;118(3):e869–78.PubMedCrossRef
52.
53.
Rieger M, Pirke K, Buske-Kirschbaum A, Wurmser H, Papoušek M, Hellhammer DH. Influence of stress during pregnancy on HPA activity and neonatal behavior. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1032(1):228–30.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Alkozei A, McMahon E, Lahav A. Stress levels and depressive symptoms in NICU mothers in the early postpartum period. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2014;27:1738–43.CrossRef
55.
Lindberg B, Axelsson K, Öhrling K. The birth of premature infants: Experiences from the fathers’ perspective. Journal of Neonatal Nursing. 2007;13:142–9.CrossRef
56.
Abraham E, Hendler T, Shapira-Lichter I, Kanat-Maymon Y, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R. Father’s brain is sensitive to childcare experiences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2014;111(27):9792–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
57.
Janssen AB, Kertes DA, McNamara GI, Braithwaite EC, Creeth HD, Glover VI, John RM. A role for the placenta in programming maternal mood and childhood behavioral disorders. J Neuroendocrinol. 2016;28(8).
58.
Kurth E, Krähenbühl K, Eicher M, Rodmann S, Fölmli L, Conzelmann C, Zemp E. Safe start at home: what parents of newborns need after early discharge from hospital–a focus group study. BMC Health Services Research. 2016;16(1):82.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
59.
Cruz-Martínez R, Savchev S, Cruz-Lemini M, Méndez A, Gratacos E, Figueras F. Clinical utility of third-trimester uterine artery doppler in the prediction of brain hemodynamic deterioration and adverse perinatal outcome in small-for-gestational-age fetuses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015;45(3):273–8.PubMedCrossRef
60.
61.
Cohen J. (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd edition). New York: Academic Press; 1988.
62.
Olejnik S, Algina J. Measures of effect size for comparative studies: Applications, interpretations, and limitations. Contemp Educ Psychol. 2000;25:241–86.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Psychological distress and resilience of mothers and fathers with respect to the neurobehavioral performance of small-for-gestational-age newborns
Authors
Mercedes Bellido-González
Humbelina Robles-Ortega
María José Castelar-Ríos
Miguel Ángel Díaz-López
José Luís Gallo-Vallejo
María Fernanda Moreno-Galdó
Macarena de los Santos-Roig
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1477-7525
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-019-1119-8

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1/2019 Go to the issue

Research

Reliability and validity of the Thai version of the Pediatric Quality of Life inventory™ 3.0 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy module in Thai children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Research

Longitudinal assessment of utilities in patients with migraine: an analysis of erenumab randomized controlled trials

Research

Changes in health-related quality of life of Chinese populations measured by the EQ-5D-3 L: a comparison of the 2008 and 2013 National Health Services Surveys

Research

Quality of life among home healthcare patients in Saudi Arabia: household-based survey

Research

Development and evaluation of a quality of life measurement scale in English and Chinese for family caregivers of patients with advanced cancers

Research

Agreement between retrospectively assessed health-related quality of life collected 1 week and 12 months post-injury: an observational follow-up study