Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of ethanolic extract of Lepisanthes rubiginosa L. leaves

Authors: Md. Mahedi Hasan, Amir Hossain, Abdullah Shamim, Md. Mustafizur Rahman

Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The current study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant, analgesic, antihyperglycemic, neuropharmacological and antidiarrheal activities of ethanolic extract of Lepisanthes rubiginosa L. leaves in different experimental models.

Methods

Quantitative and qualitative analysis were done by TLC (thin layer chromatography) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay. Analgesic, antihyperglycemic and antidiarrheal activities were evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing in mice, oral glucose tolerance test and castor oil induced diarrhea, respectively. Neuropharmacological activity was investigated in mice using both Open Field and Hole Board methods.

Results

TLC analysis indicated the presence of antioxidant compounds in the extract we used. The extract showed IC50 value was 31.62 μg/mL whereas the standard ascorbic acid showed 12.02 μg/mL. In acetic acid induced writhing assay, the extract showed 46.07% and 58.43% writhing inhibition at the doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively whereas standard diclofenac-Na (25 mg/kg) showed 86.52% writhing inhibition. The plant extract showed significant (p < 0.05) antihyperglycemic activity on mice as compared to control groups. In neuropharmacological activity assay the experimental animal showed a noticeable decrease in locomotion by showing a decrease in number of square crossed and head dipping at both doses (250 mg/kg & 500 mg/kg). In antidiarrheal activity test, the plant extract at the doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg showed percent inhibition of defecation 57.89 and 77.19 respectively, whereas standard loperamide (3 mg/kg) showed percent inhibition of defecation 88.59.

Conclusion

The results demonstrated that the extract has potential antioxidant, analgesic, antihyperglycemic, neuropharmacological and antidiarrheal activity.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Saha S, Hossain F, Anisuzzman M, Islam MK. Pharmacological evaluation of Musa seminifera Lour. Fruit. Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2013;11(4):253–61.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Ramawat KG, Dass S, Mathur M. The chemical diversity of bioactive molecules and therapeutic potential of medicinal plants. In: Ramawat KG, editor. Herbal drugs: ethnomedicine to modern medicine. Berlin: Springer; 2009. p. 7–32.CrossRef
3.
Akinmoladun AC, Ibukun EO, Afor E, Obuotor EM, Farombi EO. Phytochemical constituent and antioxidant activity of extract from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum. Sci Res Essays. 2007;2(5):163–6.
4.
Adesanya SA, Martin MT, Hill B, Dumontet V, Van Tri M, Sévenet T, Païs M. Rubiginoside, a farnesyl glycoside from Lepisanthes rubiginosa. Phytochemistry. 1999;51(8):1039–41.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Chabra SC, Mahunnah RLA, Mshiu EN. Plants used in traditional medicine in eastern tanzania. V. Angiosperms (passifloraceae to sapindaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 1991;33:143–57.CrossRef
6.
Chuangbunyat J, Teerawutkulrag A, Pyne SG, Liawruangrath S, Liawruangrath B. A comparative study of the essential oil from flowers and fruits of Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh. Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia. 2011;53(4):535–42.
7.
Wadkar KA, Magdum CS, Patil SS, Naikwade NS. Anti-diabetic potential and Indian medicinal plants. Journal of herbal medicine and. Toxicology. 2008;2(1):45–50.
8.
Babu V, Gangadevi T, Subramanian A. Antihyperglycemic effect of Cassia keinii leaf extract in glucose feed normal rats and alloxam induced diabetic rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2002;34(6):409–15.
9.
Parthasarathy R, Ilavarasan R, Karrunakaran CM. Antidiabetic activity of Thespesia populnea bark and leaf extract against streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Pharm Tech Research. 2009;1(4):1069–72.
10.
Das S, Das S, De B. In Vitro inhibition of key enzymes related to diabetes by the aqueous extracts of some fruits of West Bengal, India. Current nutrition. Food Sci. 2012;8:19–24.
11.
Sangeetha R, Vedasree N. In Vitro α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of the Leaves of Thespesiapopulnea. ISRN Pharmacology. Vol. 2012; 4pages. 2012. doi:10.​5402/​2012/​515634
12.
Telagari M, Hullatti K. In-vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Adiantum caudatum Linn. And Celosia argentea Linn. Extracts and fractions. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 2015;47(4):425–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Menichini F. Natural products as alpha-amylase and pha-glucosidase inhibitors and their hypoglycaemic potential in the treatment of diabetes: an update. Mini review in. Med Chem. 2010;10:315–31.
14.
Sales PM, Souza PM, Simeoni LA, Silveira D. A-Amylase inhibitors: a review of raw material and isolated compounds from plant source. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012;15:141–183.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Brahmachari G. Bio-flavonoids with promising antidiabetic potentials: a critical survey. In: Tiwari VK, Mishra BB, editors. Opportunity, challenge and scope of natural products in medicinal chemistry, Trivandrum: research signpost, vol. 2; 2011. p. 187–212.
16.
Carlos CC, Saniel MC. Etiology and epidemiology of diarrhea. Phil J Microbiol. Infect Dis. 1990;19(2):51–3.
17.
18.
Sharma OP, Bhat TKDPPH. Antioxidant assay revisited. Food Chem. 2009;113(4):1202–5.CrossRef
19.
Radomir VM, Eva SL, Ljiljana AK. TLC analysis of some phenolic compounds in Kombucha beverage. Acta Periodica Techonologica. 2004;35:199–205.
20.
Hossain A, Islam T. Saifuzzaman, Saeed MAS, Islam MK, Murshid GMM, Rahman MM. Bioactivity of Boehmeria Macrophylla (Urticaceae) leaf extract. Orient Pharm Exp Med. 2016;16(3):233–41.CrossRef
21.
Rahman MK, Barua S, Islam MF, Islam MR, Sayeed MA, Parvin MS, Islam ME. Studies on the anti-diarrheal properties of leaf extract of Desmodium puchellum. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2013;3(8):639–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Marinova D, Ribarova F, Atanassova M. Total phenolics and total flavonoids in Bulgarian fruits and vegetables. Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy. 2005;40:255–60.
23.
Meda A, Lamien CE, Romito M, Millogo J, Nacoulma OJ. Determination of the total phenolic, flavonoid and proline contents in Burkina Fasan honey, as well as their radical scavenging activity. Food Chem. 2005;91(3):571–7.CrossRef
24.
Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Food Chem. 1999;299:152–78.
25.
Sumi SA, Saeed MAS, Hossain A, Mia MS, Afrin S, Rahman MM. Investigation of the key pharmacological activities of Ficus racemosa and analysis of its major bioactive polyphenols by HPLC-DAD. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016:9. Doi.org/10.​1155/​2016/​3874516.
26.
Islam F, Hossain A, Hossain MG, Murshid GMM, Rahman MM. Evaluation of antioxidant, analgesic and cytotoxic activities of Typha angustata L. root. Dhaka University. J Pharm Sci. 2015;14(1):55–9.
27.
Rajeev S, Pawan KV, Gagandeep S. Total phenolic, flavonoids and tannin contents in different extracts of Artemisia absinthium. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology. 2012;1(2):101–4.CrossRef
28.
Koster R, Anderson M, Beer EJ. Acetic acid analgesic screening. Fed Proc. 1959;18:418–20.
29.
Biswas M, Biswas K, Ghosh AK, Haldar PKA. Pentacyclic triterpenoid possessing analgesic activity for the fruit of Dregea volubilis. Pharmacogn Mag. 2009;5(19):90–2.
30.
Woolfe G, MacDonald AD. The evaluation of analgesic action of Pethidine hydrochloride. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1969;166:96–103.
31.
Kumar GP, Arulselvan SP, Kumar DS. Anti-diabetic activity of fruits of Terminalia chebula on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Health Sci. 2006;52:283–91.CrossRef
32.
Shirwaikar A, Rajendran K, Barik R. Effect of aqueous bark extract of Garuga pinnata Roxb in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type-II diabetes mellitus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;107:285–90.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O. Prevalence, severity, and co-morbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National co-Morbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:617–27.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Ronok Z, Anamul HM, Laizuman N, Ashik MM, Ekramul HM. Evaluation of anxiolytic CNS depresant activity Alangium salvifolium wang flowers. International Research Journal of Pharmacy. 2012;3(4):2230–8407.
35.
Doukkali Z, Taghzouti K, Bouidida EL, Nadjmouddine M, Cherrah Y, Alaoui K. Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of methanolic extract of Urticaurens in a mice model. Behav Brain Funct. 2015;1:11–9.
36.
Adebesin IF, Akindele AJ, Adeyemi OO. Evaluation of neuropharmacological effects of aqueous leaf extract of Albizia glaberrima (Leguminosae) in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;160:101–8.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Islam MK, Mahmud I, Saha S, Sarker AB, Mondal H, ASM M-a-H, Anisuzzman M. Preliminary pharmacological evaluation of Alocasia indica Schott tuber. Journal of integrating Medicine. 2013;11:343–51.CrossRef
38.
Rahman A, Riyanto S, Yuniarti N, Saputra WR, Utami R, Mulatsih W. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid of extracts and fractions of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus lam). Int Food Res J. 2010;17:97–106.
39.
Yildrim A, Oktay M, Bilaloulu V. The antioxidant activity of leaves of Cydonia vulgaris. Turkish journal of. Medical Science. 2001;31:23–7.
40.
Huang DH, Chen C, Lin C, Lin Y. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.) constituents. Botanical bulletin of academic Science. 2005;46:99–106.
41.
Umamaheswari M, Chatterjee TK. In vitro antioxidant activities of the fractions of Coccinnia grandis L. leaf extract. Afr J Trad Compl Altern Med. 2008;5:61–73.
42.
Shah SMM, Sadiq A, Shah SMH, Ullah F. Antioxidant, total phenolic contents and antinociceptive potential of Teucrium stocksianum methanolic extract in different animal models. Journal of complementary and alternative. Medicine. 2014;14:181.
43.
Krishnaiah D, Sarbatly R, Nithyanandam RRA. Review of the antioxidant potential of medicinal plant species. Food Bioprod Process. 2011;89:217–33.CrossRef
44.
Kahkonen MP, Hopia AI, Vuorela HJ, Rauha JP, Pihlaja K, Kujala TS, Heinonen M. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J Agri Food Chem. 1999;47:3954–62.CrossRef
45.
Naczk M, Shahidi F. Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food. J Chromatogr A. 2004;1054:95–111.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Hagerman A, Riedl K, Jones G, Sovik K, Ritchard N, Hartzfeld P. High molecular weight plant polyphenolics (tannins) asbiological antioxidants. J Agric Food Chem. 1998;46:1887–92.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Saeed N, Khan MR, Shabbir M. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of whole plant extracts Torili sleptophylla L. 2012; 12:221.
48.
Hausteen B. Flavonoids, a class of natural products of high pharmacological potency. Biochem Pharmacol. 1983;32:1141–8.CrossRef
49.
ADM M. Antimicrobial Activity of Helichrysum Species and the Isolation of a New Phloroglucinol from Helichrysum caespititium. In PhD thesis University of Pretoria, Chemistry Department. 2001;1:66-71.
50.
Lourens ACU, Reddy D, Baser KHC, Viljoen AM, Van Vuuren SF. Vitro biological activity and essential oil composition of four indigenous south African Helichrysum species. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;95:253–8.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Fergusion LR. Role of plant polyphenols in genomic stability. Mutat Res. 2001;475:89–111.CrossRef
52.
Grierson DS, Afolayan AJ. Antibacterial activity of some indigenous plants used for the treatment of wounds in the eastern cape. S Afr. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999;66:103–6.CrossRefPubMed
53.
AfifyAel-M E-BHS, El-Salam SM, Omran AA. Biochemical changes in phenols, flavonoids, tannins, vitamin E, β-carotene and antioxidant activity during soaking of three white sorghum varieties. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2(3):203–9.CrossRef
54.
Ruch RJ, Cheng SJ, Klaunig JE. Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intercellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea. Carcinogens. 1989;10:1003–8.CrossRef
55.
Motar MLR, Thomas G, Barbosa Fillo JM. Effects of Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract on in vivo inflammatory models. J Ethnopharmacol. 1985;95(2–3):139–42.
56.
Kanodia L, Das SA. Comparative study of analgesic property of whole plant and fruit extracts of Fragariavesca in experimental animal models. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;4:35–8.
57.
Goldstein A, Aronow L, Kalman SM. Principles of drug action. The basis of pharmacology. J Med Chem 1970;13(2):337–337.
58.
Sulaiman MR, Hussain MK, Zakaria ZA, Somchit MN, Moin S, Mohamad AS, Israf DA. Evaluation of the antinociceptive activity of Ficusdeltoidea aqueous extract. Fitoterapia. 2008;79:557–61.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Henriksen EJ. Therapeutic effects of Lipoic acid on hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. 2nd ed. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona College of Medicine; 2001.
60.
Schroeder BE, Kolterman O. The role of Incretins in insulin secretion. In: Poretsky L, editor. Principles of diabetes mellitus. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2010. p. 57–74.CrossRef
61.
Joy KL, Kuttan RJ. Anti-diabetic activity of Picrorrhizakurroa extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999;67:143–8.CrossRefPubMed
62.
Venkatesh S, Reddy GD, Reddy YSR, Sathyavathy D, Reddy BM. Effect of Helicteresisora root extracts on glucose tolerance in glucose-induced hyperglycemic rats. Fitoterapia. 2004;75:364–7.CrossRefPubMed
63.
Atalay M, Laaksonen DE. Diabetes, oxidative stress and physical exercise. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2002;1:1–14.PubMedPubMedCentral
64.
Hlinak Z, Hynie S, Krejci I, Klenerova V. Novel and simple behavioral paradigm for assessing anxiety in rats: effect of diazepam. NeuroendocrinolLett. 2009;30:25–31.
65.
Takeda H, Tsuji M, Matsumiya T. Changes in head-dipping behavior in the hole-board test reflect the anxiogenic and/or anxiolytic state in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 1998;350(1):21–9.CrossRefPubMed
66.
Dolai N, Karmakar I, Kumar RBS, Haldar PKCNS. Depressant activity of Castanopsisindica leaves. Orient Pharm Exp Med. 2012;12:135–40.CrossRef
67.
Gutierrez SP, Mendoz DZ, Munive AH, Martínez AM, Gonzalez CP, Mendoza ES. Antidiarrheal activity of 19-deoxyicetexone isolated from Salvia ballotifloraBenth in mice and rats. Molecules. 2013;18:8895–905.CrossRef
68.
Schiller LR. Review article: anti-diarrheal pharmacology and therapeutics. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1995;9(2):87–106.PubMed
69.
Neimegeers CTE, Awouters F, Janssen PAJ. The castor oil test in rats: an in vivo method to evaluate antipropulsive and antisecretary activity of Antidiarrheals. Drug Dev Res. 1984;4:223–7.CrossRef
70.
Metadata
Title
Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of ethanolic extract of Lepisanthes rubiginosa L. leaves
Authors
Md. Mahedi Hasan
Amir Hossain
Abdullah Shamim
Md. Mustafizur Rahman
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 2662-7671
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-2010-y

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 1/2017 Go to the issue

Research article

Barriers to the conduct and application of research in complementary and alternative medicine: a systematic review

Research article

Rhein exhibits antioxidative effects similar to Rhubarb in a rat model of traumatic brain injury

Research article

Phoyunnanin E inhibits migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells via suppression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and integrin αv and integrin β3

Research article

Anti-mycobacteria potential and synergistic effects of combined crude extracts of selected medicinal plants used by Bapedi traditional healers to treat tuberculosis related symptoms in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Research article

Water extract of Rumex crispus prevents bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and inducing osteoblast mineralization

Research article

Effect of catalpol on remyelination through experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis acting to promote Olig1 and Olig2 expressions in mice