Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

Supplementation of Syzygium cumini seed powder prevented obesity, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in high carbohydrate high fat diet induced obese rats

Authors: Anayt Ulla, Md Ashraful Alam, Biswajit Sikder, Farzana Akter Sumi, Md Mizanur Rahman, Zaki Farhad Habib, Mostafe Khalid Mohammed, Nusrat Subhan, Hemayet Hossain, Hasan Mahmud Reza

Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Obesity and related complications have now became epidemic both in developed and developing countries. Cafeteria type diet mainly composed of high fat high carbohydrate components which plays a significant role in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
This study investigated the effect of Syzygium cumini seed powder on fat accumulation and dyslipidemia in high carbohydrate high fat diet (HCHF) induced obese rats.

Method

Male Wistar rats were fed with HCHF diet ad libitum, and the rats on HCHF diet were supplemented with Syzygium cumini seed powder for 56 days (2.5% w/w of diet). Oral glucose tolerance test, lipid parameters, liver marker enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) and lipid peroxidation products were analyzed at the end of 56 days. Moreover, antioxidant enzyme activities were also measured in all groups of rats.

Results

Supplementation with Syzygium cumini seed powder significantly reduced body weight gain, white adipose tissue (WAT) weights, blood glucose, serum insulin, and plasma lipids such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL concentration. Syzygium cumini seed powder supplementation in HCHF rats improved serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. Syzygium cumini seed powder supplementation also reduced the hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and elevated the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as increased glutathione (GSH) concentration. In addition, histological assessment showed that Syzygium cumini seed powder supplementation prevented inflammatory cell infiltration; fatty droplet deposition and fibrosis in liver of HCHFD fed rats.

Conclusion

Our investigation suggests that Syzygium cumini seed powder supplementation prevents oxidative stress and showed anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activity in liver of HCHF diet fed rats. In addition, Syzygium cumini seed powder may be beneficial in ameliorating insulin resistance and dyslipidemia probably by increasing lipid metabolism in liver of HCHF diet fed rats.
Literature
1.
Arnlov J, Ingelsson E, Sundstrom J, Lind L. Impact of body mass index and the metabolic syndrome on the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in middle-aged men. Circulation. 2010;121(2):230–6.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Wang Z, Nakayama T. Inflammation, a link between obesity and cardiovascular disease. Mediat Inflamm. 2010;2010:535918.CrossRef
3.
Behbehani K. Kuwait National Programme for Healthy Living: first 5-year plan (2013-2017). Med Princ Pract. 2014;23(Suppl 1):32–42.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Savini I, Catani MV, Evangelista D, Gasperi V, Avigliano L. Obesity-associated oxidative stress: strategies finalized to improve redox state. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14(5):10497–538.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Kaur J. A comprehensive Review on metabolic syndrome. Cardiol Res Pract. 2014;2014:21.
6.
Park EJ, Lee JH, Yu GY, He G, Ali SR, Holzer RG, et al. Dietary and genetic obesity promote liver inflammation and tumorigenesis by enhancing IL-6 and TNF expression. Cell. 2010;140(2):197–208.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Swami S, Thakor N, Patil M, Haldankar P: Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.)): A Review of Its Food and Medicinal Uses Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012, 3:1100–1117.
8.
Ghani A. Medicinal plants of Bangladesh with chemical constituents and uses. 2nd ed. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh: Dhaka; 2003.
9.
Siani AC, Souza MC, Henriques MGMO, Ramos MFS. Anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils from Syzygium cumini and Psidium guajava. Pharm Biol. 2013;51(7):881–7.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Muruganandan S, Srinivasan K, Chandra S, Tandan SK, Lal J, Raviprakash V. Anti-inflammatory activity of Syzygium cumini bark. Fitoterapia. 2001;72(4):369–75.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Muruganandan S, Pant S, Srinivasan K, Chandra S, Tandan SK, Lal J, et al. Inhibitory role of Syzygium cumini on autacoid-induced inflammation in rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2002;46(4):482–6.
12.
Ravi K, Rajasekaran S, Subramanian S. Antihyperlipidemic effect of Eugenia jambolana seed kernel on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005;43(9):1433–9.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Sharma B, Balomajumder C, Roy P. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of flavonoid rich extract from Eugenia jambolana seeds on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;46(7):2376–83.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Ravi K, Ramachandran B, Subramanian S. Protective effect of Eugenia jambolana seed kernel on tissue antioxidants in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004;27(8):1212–7.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Sisodia SS, Bhatnagar M. Hepatoprotective activity of Eugenia jambolana lam. In carbon tetrachloride treated rats. Indian journal of pharmacology. 2009;41(1):23–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Sanches JR, França LM, Chagas VT, Gaspar RS, dos Santos KA, Gonçalves LM, et al. Polyphenol-rich extract of Syzygium cumini leaf dually improves peripheral insulin sensitivity and pancreatic islet function in monosodium l-glutamate-induced obese rats. Front Pharmacol. 2016;7(48).
17.
Hsu CL, Yen GC. Effect of gallic acid on high fat diet-induced dyslipidaemia, hepatosteatosis and oxidative stress in rats. Br J Nutr. 2007;98(4):727–35.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Panchal SK, Ward L, Brown L. Ellagic acid attenuates high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Eur J Nutr. 2013;52(2):559–68.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Jahan IA, Hossain H, Akbar PN, Rahman MM, Khan TA, Rahman SE, et al. Antioxidant properties and HPLC assay of bioactive polyphenols of the ethanol extract of Excoecaria agallocha stem bark growing in Bangladesh. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2014;4(17):2116.
20.
Niehaus WG Jr, Samuelsson B. Formation of malonaldehyde from phospholipid arachidonate during microsomal lipid peroxidation. European journal of biochemistry / FEBS. 1968;6(1):126–30.CrossRef
21.
Tracey WR, Tse J, Carter G. Lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations in rats and mice: pharmacological evaluation of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995;272(3):1011–5.PubMed
22.
Witko-Sarsat V, Friedlander M, Capeillere-Blandin C, Nguyen-Khoa T, Nguyen AT, Zingraff J, et al. Advanced oxidation protein products as a novel marker of oxidative stress in uremia. Kidney Int. 1996;49(5):1304–13.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Tiwari BK, Kumar D, Abidi AB, Rizvi SI. Efficacy of composite extract from leaves and fruits of medicinal plants used in traditional diabetic therapy against oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. ISRN Pharmacol. 2014;2014:608590.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Khan RA. Protective effects of Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, (Asteraceae) against CCl4 induced oxidative stress in the thyroid tissue of rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12:181.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Misra HP, Fridovich I. The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem. 1972;247(10):3170–5.PubMed
26.
Jollow DJ, Mitchell JR, Zampaglione N, Gillette JR. Bromobenzene-induced liver necrosis. Protective role of glutathione and evidence for 3,4-Bromobenzene oxide as the hepatotoxic metabolite. Pharmacology. 1974;11(3):151–69.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Bradley PP, Priebat DA, Christensen RD, Rothstein G. Measurement of cutaneous inflammation: estimation of neutrophil content with an enzyme marker. The Journal of investigative dermatology. 1982;78(3):206–9.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Jung UJ, Choi M-S. Obesity and its metabolic complications: the role of adipokines and the relationship between obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15(4):6184–223.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Hurt RT, Kulisek C, Buchanan LA, McClave SA. The obesity epidemic: challenges, health initiatives, and implications for gastroenterologists. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2010;6(12):780–92.
30.
Wang Y, Lobstein T. Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2006;1(1):11–25.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Chao J, Huo TI, Cheng HY, Tsai JC, Liao JW, Lee MS, et al. Gallic acid ameliorated impaired glucose and lipid homeostasis in high fat diet-induced NAFLD mice. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e96969.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Alam M, Kauter K, Brown L. Naringin improves diet-induced cardiovascular dysfunction and obesity in high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. Nutrients. 2013;5(3):637.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Alam MA, Subhan N, Rahman MM, Uddin SJ, Reza HM, Sarker SD. Effect of citrus flavonoids, naringin and naringenin, on metabolic syndrome and their mechanisms of action. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal. 2014;5(4):404–17.CrossRef
34.
Karthic K, Kirthiram KS, Sadasivam S, Thayumanavan B. Identification of alpha amylase inhibitors from Syzygium cumini Linn seeds. Indian J Exp Biol. 2008;46(9):677–80.PubMed
35.
Sharma AK, Bharti S, Kumar R, Krishnamurthy B, Bhatia J, Kumari S, et al. Syzygium cumini Ameliorates insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction via modulation of ppar-gamma, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and tnf-alpha in type 2 diabetic rats. J Pharmacol Sci. 2012;119(3):205–13.
36.
Shinde J, Taldone T, Barletta M, Kunaparaju N, Hu B, Kumar S, et al. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of Syzygium cumini (Linn.) Skeels seed kernel in vitro and in Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats. Carbohydr Res. 2008;343(7):1278–81.
37.
Kandasamy AD, Sung MM, Boisvenue JJ, Barr AJ, Dyck JRB. Adiponectin gene therapy ameliorates high-fat, high-sucrose diet-induced metabolic perturbations in mice. Nutrition & Diabetes. 2012;2(9):e45.CrossRef
38.
Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Waki H, Terauchi Y, Kubota N, Hara K, et al. The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nat Med. 2001;7(8):941–6.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Diez JJ, Iglesias P. The role of the novel adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin in human disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2003;148(3):293–300.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Mopuri R, Ganjayi M, Banavathy KS, Parim BN, Meriga B. Evaluation of anti-obesity activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia paniculata bark on high fat diet-induced obese rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15(1):76.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T, Kubota N, Hara K, Ueki K, Tobe K. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in insulin resistance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Investig. 2006;116(7):1784–92.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Kaur G, C M. Amelioration of obesity, glucose intolerance, and oxidative stress in high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by combination consisting of curcumin with piperine and quercetin. ISRN Pharmacol. 2012;2012:7.CrossRef
43.
Auberval N, Dal S, Bietiger W, Pinget M, Jeandidier N, Maillard-Pedracini E, et al. Metabolic and oxidative stress markers in Wistar rats after 2 months on a high-fat diet. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014;6(1):130.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Milagro FI, Campión J, Martínez JA. Weight gain induced by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress. Obesity. 2006;14(7):1118–23.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Poudyal H, Campbell F, Brown L. Olive leaf extract attenuates cardiac, hepatic, and metabolic changes in high carbohydrate–high fat–fed rats. J Nutr. 2010;140(5):946–53.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Chao J, Huo T-I, Cheng H-Y, Tsai J-C, Liao J-W, Lee M-S, et al. Gallic acid ameliorated impaired glucose and lipid homeostasis in high fat diet-induced nafld mice. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e96969.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Rule DC, Liebman M, Liang YB. Impact of different dietary fatty acids on plasma and liver lipids is influenced by dietary cholesterol in rats. J Nutr Biochem. 1996;7(3):142–9.CrossRef
48.
Bruno RS, Dugan CE, Smyth JA, DiNatale DA, Koo SI. Green tea extract protects leptin-deficient, spontaneously obese mice from hepatic steatosis and injury. J Nutr. 2008;138(2):323–31.PubMed
49.
Alam MA, Kauter K, Withers K, Sernia C, Brown L. Chronic l-arginine treatment improves metabolic, cardiovascular and liver complications in diet-induced obesity in rats. Food Funct. 2013;4(1):83–91.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Friedman SL, Roll FJ, Boyles J, Bissell DM. Hepatic lipocytes: the principal collagen-producing cells of normal rat liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985;82(24):8681–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
51.
Taing M-W, Pierson J-T, Hoang VLT, Shaw PN, Dietzgen RG, Gidley MJ, et al. Mango fruit peel and flesh extracts affect adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Food Funct. 2012;3(8):828–36.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Chen Q, Wu X, Liu L, Shen J. Polyphenol-rich extracts from Oiltea camellia prevent weight gain in obese mice fed a high-fat diet and slowed the accumulation of triacylglycerols in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Funct Foods. 2014;9:148–55.CrossRef
53.
Wang L, Li L, Ran X, Long M, Zhang M, Tao Y, et al. Ellagic acid reduces adipogenesis through inhibition of differentiation-prevention of the induction of Rb phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:11.
54.
Rahman N, Jeon M, Kim YS. Methyl gallate, a potent antioxidant inhibits mouse and human adipocyte differentiation and oxidative stress in adipocytes through impairment of mitotic clonal expansion. Biofactors. 2016;42(6):716–26.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Supplementation of Syzygium cumini seed powder prevented obesity, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in high carbohydrate high fat diet induced obese rats
Authors
Anayt Ulla
Md Ashraful Alam
Biswajit Sikder
Farzana Akter Sumi
Md Mizanur Rahman
Zaki Farhad Habib
Mostafe Khalid Mohammed
Nusrat Subhan
Hemayet Hossain
Hasan Mahmud Reza
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 2662-7671
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1799-8

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 1/2017 Go to the issue

Research article

Polarity based characterization of biologically active extracts of Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. and RP-HPLC analysis

Research article

N-butanol extracts of Morinda citrifolia suppress advanced glycation end products (AGE)-induced inflammatory reactions in endothelial cells through its anti-oxidative properties

Research article

Nutritional supplements and herbal medicines for women with polycystic ovary syndrome; a systematic review and meta-analysis

Case report

Case report: fainting during acupuncture stimulation at acupuncture point LI4

Research article

Potential effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine Yu ping feng san for adult allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Research article

Antiviral effect of compounds derived from the seeds of Mammea americana and Tabernaemontana cymosa on Dengue and Chikungunya virus infections