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BMC Oral Health
Published in: BMC Oral Health 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Research article

A novel method for 3D face symmetry reference plane based on weighted Procrustes analysis algorithm

Authors: Yujia Zhu, Shengwen Zheng, Guosheng Yang, Xiangling Fu, Ning Xiao, Aonan Wen, Yong Wang, Yijiao Zhao

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Background

We aimed to establish a novel method, using the weighted Procrustes analysis (WPA) algorithm, which assigns weight to facial anatomical landmarks, to construct a three-dimensional facial symmetry reference plane (SRP) for mandibular deviation patients.

Methods

Three-dimensional facial SRPs were independently extracted from 15 mandibular deviation patients using both our WPA algorithm and the standard PA algorithm. A reference plane was defined to serve as the ground truth. To determine whether the WPA SRP or the PA SRP was closer to the ground truth, we measured the position error of mirrored landmarks, the facial asymmetry index (FAI) error, and the angle error for the global face and each facial third partition.

Results

The average angle error between the WPA SRP and the ground truth was 1.66 ± 0.81°, which was smaller than that between the PA SRP and the ground truth. The position error of the mirrored landmarks constructed using the WPA algorithm in the global face (3.64 ± 1.53 mm) and each facial partition was lower than that constructed using the PA algorithm. The average FAI error of the WPA SRP was − 7.77 ± 17.02 mm, which was smaller than that of the PA SRP.

Conclusions

This novel automatic algorithm, based on weighted anatomic landmarks, can provide a more adaptable SRP than the standard PA algorithm when applied to severe mandibular deviation patients and can better simulate the diagnosis strategies of clinical experts.
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Metadata
Title
A novel method for 3D face symmetry reference plane based on weighted Procrustes analysis algorithm
Authors
Yujia Zhu
Shengwen Zheng
Guosheng Yang
Xiangling Fu
Ning Xiao
Aonan Wen
Yong Wang
Yijiao Zhao
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01311-3

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