Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

Chronic musculoskeletal ankle disorders in Sri Lanka

Authors: Ishanka Weerasekara, Claire E. Hiller

Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Musculoskeletal disorders of the lower extremities are commonly affected by chronicity and disability. One of the most commonly affected areas is the ankle. Epidemiological information is limited for chronic musculoskeletal ankle disorders in the general community, particularly in the developing world. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and impact of chronic musculoskeletal ankle disorders in the Sri Lankan community.

Methods

A cross-sectional stratified random sample of people (n = 1000) aged 18 to 85 years in Sri Lanka was undertaken by questionnaire in the general community setting. Of those questionnaires, 827 participants provided data.
Point prevalence for no history of ankle injury or ankle disorders, history of ankle injuries without chronic ankle disorders, and chronic ankle disorders were obtained. Point prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal disorders and causes for chronicity was evaluated.

Results

There were 448 (54.2%) participants with no ankle disorders, 164 (19.8%) with a history of ankle injury but no chronic disorders, and 215 (26.0%) with chronic ankle disorders.
The major component of chronic ankle disorders was musculoskeletal disorders (n = 113, 13.7% of the total sample), most of which were due to ankle injury (n = 80, 9.7% of the total). Sprains were responsible for 17.7% of the total ankle injuries. Arthritis was the other main cause for chronicity of ankle disorders with 4% of total participants (n = 33).

Conclusions

Almost 14% of the Sri Lankan community was affected by chronic musculoskeletal ankle disorders. The majority were due to a previous ankle injury, and arthritis. Most people had to limit or change their physical activity because of the chronic ankle disorder. A very low utility of physiotherapy services was observed.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Adegbehingbe Olayinka OFAO, Adegbenro Caleb A, Late Adeitan Opeyemi O, Abass Ganiyu OAA. Musculoskeletal Disorders: Epidemiology and Treatment Seeking Behavior of Secondary School Students in a Nigerian Community. Indian J Community Med. 2009;34(1):52–6.CrossRef
2.
Hiller CE, Nightingale EJ, Raymond J, et al. Prevalence and impact of chronic musculoskeletal ankle disorders in the community. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(10):1801–7.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Woolf ADP B. Burden of major musculoskeletal conditions. Bull World Health Organ. 2003;81(9):646–56.
4.
Parker R, Jelsma J. The prevalence and functional impact of musculoskeletal conditions amongst clients of a primary health care facility in an under-resourced area of Cape Town. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;11:2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
6.
Urwin M, Symmons D, Allison T, et al. Estimating the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in the community: the comparative prevalence of symptoms at different anatomical sites, and the relation to social deprivation. Ann Rheum Dis. 1998;57(11):649–55.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Doherty C, Delahunt E, Caulfield B, Hertel J, Ryan J, Bleakley C. The incidence and prevalence of ankle sprain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective epidemiological studies. Sports Med. 2014;44(1):123–40.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Sankey RA, Brooks JH, Kemp SP, Haddad FS. The epidemiology of ankle injuries in professional rugby union players. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(12):2415–24.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Garrick JG. The frequency of injury, mechanism of injury, and epidemiology of ankle sprains. Am J Sports Med. 1977;5(6):241–2.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Kaplan LD, Jost PW, Honkamp N, Norwig J, West R, Bradley JP. Incidence and Variance of Foot and Ankle Injuries in Elite College Football Players. Am J Orthop. 2011;40(1):40–4.PubMed
11.
Holmer P, Sondergaard L, Konradsen L, Nielsen PT, Jorgensen LN. Epidemiology of sprains in the lateral ankle and foot. Foot & ankle international. 1994;15(2):72–4.CrossRef
12.
Waterman BR, Owens BD, Davey S, Zacchilli MA, Belmont Jr PJ. The epidemiology of ankle sprains in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg. 2010;92(13):2279–84.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Bridgman SA, Clement D, Downing A, Walley G, Phair I, Maffulli N. Population based epidemiology of ankle sprains attending accident and emergency units in the West Midlands of England, and a survey of UK practice for severe ankle sprains. Emerg Med J. 2003;20:508–10.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Verhagen RA, de Keizer G, van Dijk CN. Long-term follow-up of inversion trauma of the ankle. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1995;114(2):92–6.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Konradsen L, Bech L, Ehrenbjerg M, Nickelsen T. Seven years follow-up after ankle inversion trauma. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2002;12(3):129–35.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Attenborough AS, Hiller CE, Smith RM, Stuelcken M, Greene A, Sinclair PJ. Chronic ankle instability in sporting populations. Sports Med. 2014;44(11):1545–56.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Kaur J, Sinha AGK. Prevalence of Ankle Sprain and Service Utilization among Players of Punjab. IJTRR. 2015;4(1):16–24.CrossRef
18.
Kankanamalage TN, Dharmadasa RM, Abeysinghe DC, Wijesekara RG, 1. A survey on medicinal materials used in traditional systems of medicine in Sri Lanka. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;155:679–91.CrossRefPubMed
19.
De Silva WS, Fernando D, Gunatilake J. Pattern of Physical Activity Among Sri Lankan Adults in the District of Colombo. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2016;28(8):725–36.CrossRef
20.
Fong DT, Chan YY, Mok KM, Yung P, Chan KM. Understanding acute ankle ligamentous sprain injury in sports. Sports MedArthroscopy Rehabil Ther Technol. 2009;1:14.
21.
Nanayakkara S. Trivialisation of Women’s Sports in Sri Lanka: Overcoming Invisible Barriers. Sri Lanka J Humanit. 2011;37(1–2):149–55.
22.
23.
Ranasinghe CD, Ranasinghe P, Jayawardena R, Misra A. Physical activity patterns among South-Asian adults: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013;10(1):116.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Weerasinghe MC, Fernando DN. Paradox in treatment seeking: an experience from rural Sri Lanka. Qual Health Res. 2011;21(3):365–72.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Rupasinghe L. Traditional Medicine in Asia: World Health Organization. New Delhi: Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2001.
Metadata
Title
Chronic musculoskeletal ankle disorders in Sri Lanka
Authors
Ishanka Weerasekara
Claire E. Hiller
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-017-1580-7

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2017 Go to the issue

Research article

Dyslipidaemia for patients with low-energy femoral neck fractures after the treatment of cancellous screws: a retrospective study with a 3-year minimum follow-up

Research article

Tourniquet use in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Research article

Persons with rheumatoid arthritis challenge the relevance of the health assessment questionnaire: a qualitative study of patient perception

Research article

Associations between disc space narrowing, anterior osteophytes and disability in chronic mechanical low back pain: a cross sectional study

Research article

Displaced Neer Type IIB distal-third clavicle fractures—Long-term clinical outcome after plate fixation and additional screw augmentation for coracoclavicular instability

Study protocol

Individualized patient decision-aid for immunosuppressive drugs in women with lupus nephritis: study protocol of a randomized, controlled trial