Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Obesity | Research article

Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Hanoi, Vietnam

Authors: Thuy Thi Phuong Pham, Yumi Matsushita, Lien Thi Kim Dinh, Thanh Van Do, Thanh Thi The Nguyen, Anh Tuan Bui, Anh Quoc Nguyen, Hiroshi Kajio

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) has increased rapidly in Vietnam. This study aimed to elucidate the factors influencing OW/OB among secondary schoolchildren.

Method

A survey was conducted in January 2014 in four randomly selected state schools in two Hanoi urban districts, and 821 students in grade six (11–12 years old) participated. Definitions of OW/OB followed the World Health Organization standard cut-offs.

Results

Overall, 4.1% of children were underweight, 59.7% were normal weight, 17.1% were overweight, and 19.1% were obese. The odds of OW/OB were lowest among children whose parents had college/university degrees [father (aOR =0.65, 95% CI: 0.42–1.00); mother (aOR =0.63, 95% CI: 0.41–0.97)] compared with those whose parents had only a primary education. Children with an OW/OB family history had an increased risk of OW/OB. Other associated factors include parental OW/OB and birth weight (BW). The odds of OW/OB were highest among children with parents with OW/OB [father (aOR =2.022, 95% CI: 1.34–3.04); mother (aOR =2.83, 95% CI: 1.51–5.30)] compared with those with normal-weight parents. Children with both parents having OW/OB [both parents (aOR =6.59, 95% CI: 1.28–33.87) had the highest risk, followed by one parent (aOR =2.22, 95% CI: 1.50–3.27)] and then neither parent having OW/OB. Moreover, high-birth-weight children [BW ≥ 3500 g (aOR =1.52, 95% CI: 1.07–2.15)] had greater odds than did normal-birth-weight children.
Children who slept 11 h per day [8–11 h (aOR =0.57, 95% CI: 0.40–0.81) or more (aOR =0.44, 95% CI: 0.22–0.87)] had lower OW/OB odds than those who slept 8 h or less. Children with specific positive lifestyle behaviours had lower risk of OW/OB than those who did not engage in positive lifestyle behaviours. The odds were lower among children who exercised for weight reduction (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.11–0.23), lowered food intake (aOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.09–0.17), and added vegetables to their diet (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.19–0.35).

Conclusion

The results suggest that parents and children with OW/OB parents or a high BW should be educated to prevent OW/OB at an early stage. Positive lifestyle behaviours should be adopted by the students.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, Seidel KD, Dietz WH. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(13):869–73.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Sothern MS. Obesity prevention in children: physical activity and nutrition. Nutrition. 2004;20(7–8):704–8.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Prime Minister. National Nutrition Strategy period 2011–2020 and vision to 2030 which was issued by prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 2012. Accessed 18 Aug 2013.
9.
10.
Caleyachetty R, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Tait CA, Schilsky S, Forrester T, Kengne AP. Prevalence of behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2015;3(7):535–44.
11.
Mazidi M, Banach M, Kengne AP, Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration Group. Prevalence of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci. 2018 Oct;14(6):1185–203.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Nhung BT, Hợp LT, Bình TQ, Khanh LNB, Mai LB, Anh NĐV, Lâm NT, Huy NĐ, Nam TT, Thanh DV, et al. Tình trạng dinh dưỡng của học sinh tiểu học tại nội thành Hà Nội năm 2011. Tạp chí Y học Dự phòng. 2013;1(136):49.
17.
Nguyen PV, Hong TK, Hoang T, Nguyen DT, Robert AR. High prevalence of overweight among adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):141.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Miyakawa M, Shimizu T, Van Dat N, Thanh P, Thuy PT, ANh NT, Chau NH, Matsushita Y, Kajio H, Mai VQ, et al. Prevalence, perception and factors associated with diabetes mellitus among the adult population in Central Vietnam: a population-based, cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey. BMC Public Health. 2017. article 298.
19.
Muthuri SK, Onywera VO, Tremblay MS, Broyles ST, Chaput JP, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad A, Lambert EV, et al. Relationships between parental education and overweight with childhood overweight and physical activity in 9-11 year old children: results from a 12-country study. PLoS One. 2016;11(8):e0147746.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
20.
Apouey BH, Geoffard PY. Parents' education and child body weight in France: the trajectory of the gradient in the early years. Econ Hum Biol. 2016;20:70-89.CrossRef
21.
Matthiessen J, Stockmarr A, Fagt S, Knudsen VK, Biltoft-Jensen A. Danish children born to parents with lower levels of education are more likely to become overweight. Acta Paediatr. 2014;103(10):1083-8.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Wang L, Slawson DL, Relyea G, Southerland JL, Wang Y. Prevalence of and risk factors for adolescent obesity in Southern Appalachia, 2012. Prev Chronic Dis. 2014;11:E222.PubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Lee HS, Duffey KJ, Kim CI, Popkin BM. The relationship between family and child weight status by household structure in South Korea: 2007–2010. Nutr Diabetes. 2013;3:e73.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
24.
Reilly JJ, Armstrong J, Dorosty AR, Emmett PM, Ness A, Rogers I, Steer C, Sherriff A. Early life risk factors for obesity in childhood: cohort study. BMJ. 2005;330:1357.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
Gillman MW, Rifas-Shiman SL, Camargo CA Jr, Berkey CS, Frazier AL, Rockett HR, Field AE, Colditz GA. Risk of overweight among adolescents who were breastfed as infants. The JAMA Network. 2001;285(19):2461–7.
26.
Grummer-Strawn LM, Mei Z, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System. Does breastfeeding protect against pediatric overweight? Analysis of longitudinal data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention pediatric nutrition surveillance system. Pediatrics. 2004;113(2):e81–6.PubMedCrossRef
27.
von Kries R, Koletzko B, Sauerwald T, von Mutius E, Barnert D, Grunert V, von Voss H. Breast feeding and obesity: cross sectional study. BMJ. 1999;319:147–50.CrossRef
28.
Armstrong J, Reilly JJ, Child Health Information Team. Breastfeeding and lowering the risk of childhood obesity. Lancet. 2002;359(9322):2003–4.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Camila ER, Francisco AGV. Birth weight and obesity in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2010;13(2):1–13.
30.
Yu ZB, Han SP, Zhu GZ, Zhu C, Wang XJ, Cao XG, Guo XR. Birth weight and subsequent risk of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2011 Jul;12(7):525–42.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Parrino C, Vinciguerra F, La Spina N, Romeo L, Tumminia A, Baratta R, Squatrito S, Vigneri R, Frittitta L. Influence of early-life and parental factors on childhood overweight and obesity. J Endocrinol Investig. 2016;39(11):1315–21.CrossRef
32.
Gortmaker SL, Must A, Sobol AM, Peterson K, Colditz GA, Dietz WH. Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986-1990. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996 Apr;150(4):356–62.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Viner RM, Cole TJ. Television viewing in early childhood predicts adult body mass index. J Pediatr. 2005;147(4):429–35.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Peck T, Scharf RJ, Conaway MR, DeBoer MD. Viewing as little as 1 hour of TV daily is associated with higher change in BMI between kindergarten and first grade. Obesity. 2015;23(8):1680–6.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zhang G, Wu L, Zhou L, Lu W, Mao C. Television watching and risk of childhood obesity: a meta-analysis. Eur J Pub Health. 2016;26(1):13–8.CrossRef
36.
Li L, Zhang S, Huang Y, Chen K. Sleep duration and obesity in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Paediatr Child Health. 2017 Apr;53(4):378–85.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Padez C, Mourão I, Moreira P, Rosado V. Prevalence and risk factors for overweight and obesity in Portuguese children. Acta Paediatr. 2005;94:1550-7.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Fisher A, McDonald L, van Jaarsveld CH, Llewellyn C, Fildes A, Schrempft S, Wardle J. Sleep and energy intake in early childhood. Int J Obes. 2014;38:926–9.CrossRef
39.
Schmid SM, Hallschmid M, Jauch-Chara K, Wilms B, Benedict C, Lehnert H, Born J, Schultes B. Short-term sleep loss decreases physical activity under free-living conditions but does not increase food intake under time-deprived laboratory conditions in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(6):1476–82.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Yoong SL, Chai LK, Williams CM, Wiggers J, Finch M, Wolfenden L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions targeting sleep and their impact on child body mass index, diet, and physical activity. Obesity. 2016;24(5):1140–7.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Suton D, Pfeiffer KA, Feltz DL, Yee KE, Eisenmann JC, Carlson JJ. Physical activity and self-efficacy in Normal and over-fat children. Am J Health Behav. 2013;37(5):635–40.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Ha SA, Lee SY, Kim KA, Seo JS, Sohn CM, Park HR, Kim KW. Eating habits, physical activity, nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy by obesity status in upper-grade elementary school students. Nutr Res Pract. 2016;10(6):597–605.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
43.
Carissimi A, Adan A, Tonetti L, Fabbri M, Hidalgo MP, Levandovski R, Natale V, Martoni M. Physical self-efficacy is associated to body mass index in schoolchildren. J Pediatr. 2017;93:64–9.CrossRef
44.
Steele MM, Daratha KB, Bindler RC, Power TG. The relationship between self-efficacy for behaviors that promote healthy weight and clinical indicators of adiposity in a sample of early adolescents. Health Educ Behav. 2011;38(6):596–602.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Al-Khudairy L, Loveman E, Colquitt JL, Mead E, Johnson RE, Fraser H, Olajide J, Murphy M, Velho RM, O'Malley C, et al. Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;6:CD012691.
46.
Mead E, Brown T, Rees K, Azevedo LB, Whittaker V, Jones D, Olajide J, Mainardi GM, Corpeleijn E, O'Malley C, Beardsmore E, Al-Khudairy L, Baur L, Metzendorf MI, Demaio A, Ells LJ. Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age of 6 to 11 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;22(6):CD012651.
47.
Davidson Z, Simen-Kapeu A, Veugelers PJ. Neighborhood determinants of self-efficacy, physical activity, and body weights among Canadian children. Health Place. 2010;16(3):567–72.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Wright K, Norris K, Newman Giger J, Suro Z. Improving healthy dietary behaviors, nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy among underserved school children with parent and community involvement. Child Obes. 2012;8(4):347–56.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Lu W, McKyer EL, Lee C, Ory MG, Goodson P, Wang S. Children’s active commuting to school: an interplay of self-efficacy, social economic disadvantage, and environmental characteristics. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015;12:29.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
50.
Nock NL, Ievers-Landis CE, Dajani R, Knight D, Rigda A, Narasimhan S, Uli N. Physical activity self-efficacy and fitness: family environment relationship correlates and self-esteem as a mediator among adolescents who are overweight or obese. Child Obes. 2016;12(5):360–7.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors
Thuy Thi Phuong Pham
Yumi Matsushita
Lien Thi Kim Dinh
Thanh Van Do
Thanh Thi The Nguyen
Anh Tuan Bui
Anh Quoc Nguyen
Hiroshi Kajio
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7823-9

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

BMC Public Health 1/2019 Go to the issue

Research article

Favorable gallbladder cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios of countries with good ranking of world’s health system and high expenditures on health

Research article

Quality of a life skills training program in Karnataka, India - a quasi experimental study

Research article

Explaining the determinants of hookah consumption among women in southern Iran: a qualitative study

Research article

Phenomenology of being a safe taxi driver

Research article

Effective implementation of primary school-based healthy lifestyle programmes: a qualitative study of views of school staff

Research article

Sedentary behaviors and anxiety among children, adolescents and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis