Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Research article

Development of a new measure for mental retirement; testing of a three-factor structure of mental retirement in different subgroups

Authors: Jenny J. J. M. Huijs, Irene L. D. Houtman, Roland W. B. Blonk

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study is to develop a new measure for the concept of mental retirement and test the construct validity of the measure. Employees who are ‘mentally retired’ are present at their work physically, but have already said their goodbyes mentally. Mental retirement has a three-factor structure: developmental proactivity, work engagement and perceived appreciation.

Methods

We use data from employees (N = 867) of five different organizations in the Netherlands. Mental retirement was assessed with 11 items in an online survey. In addition, socio-demographic characteristics like age, level of education and occupation, were measured. Next to tests of internal consistency, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is performed to test the three-factor structure of mental retirement in this population and in different subgroups (age, education, occupation).

Results

The internal consistency varies from .80 to .94 for the developmental proactivity scale and the work engagement scale, respectively (appreciation was measured with one item). For the CFA, the three-factor model fits the data adequately. Multiple group analyses also shows equal factor loadings in all subgroups, but the mean levels of mental retirement differ across subgroups.

Conclusions

This study confirms the three-factor model of mental retirement in a general group of employees as well as across different subgroups. However, this study only tested the construct validity. Future research should study validity more extensively and be longitudinal in nature. In addition, the causal chain of antecedent variables to mental retirement and its outcomes should be considered. These studies could also focus on the effects of interventions aiming at preventing or decreasing the level of mental retirement in organizations.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Sanders J, Jetten A, Dhondt S, Geuskens G, Keijzer L, Liebregts W. Mentale pensionering: een onderzoek naar kenmerken, determinanten en gevolgen. [Mental retirement: a study of features, predictors and consequences]. TNO: Hoofddorp; 2013.
2.
3.
Jones E, Chonko LB, Roberts JA. Sales force obsolescence: perceptions from sales and marketing executives of individual, organizational, and environmental factors. Ind Market Manag. 2004;33:439–56.CrossRef
4.
Van Dam K. Antecedents and consequences of employability orientation. Eur J Work Organ Psy. 2004;13:29–51.CrossRef
5.
Bakker AB, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP, Taris TW. Work engagement: an emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work Stress. 2008;22:187–200.CrossRef
6.
Bakker AB, Demerouti E, Verbeke W. Using the job demands-resources model to predict burnout and performance. Hum Resour Manag. 2004;43:83–104.CrossRef
7.
Wegge J, Schmidt KH, Parkes C, Dick R. Taking a sickie: job satisfaction and job involvement as interactive predictors of absenteeism in a public organization. J Occup Organ Psych. 2007;80:77–89.CrossRef
8.
9.
Van Vegchel N, De Jonge J, Bakker AB, Schaufeli WB. Testing global and specific indicators of rewards in the effort-reward imbalance model: does it make any difference? Eur J Work Organ Psy. 2002;11:403–21.CrossRef
10.
Maslach C, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP. Job burnout. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001;52:397–422.CrossRef
11.
Rohwedder S, Willis RJ. Mental Retirement. J Econ Perspect. 2010;24:119–38.CrossRef
12.
13.
Tougas F, Lagacé M, De Sablonnière R, Kocum L. A new approach to the link between identity and relative deprivation in the perspective of ageism and retirement. Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2004;59:1–23.CrossRef
14.
15.
Eurofound. Working conditions of workers of different ages: European Working Conditions Survey 2015. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017.
16.
Koppes LLJ, De Vroome EMM, Mars GMJ, Janssen BJM, Van Zwieten MHJ, Van den Bossche SNJ. Nationale Enquête Arbeidsomstandigheden 2012, Methodologie en globale resultaten. [National Working Conditions Survey 2012, methodology and general results]. Hoofddorp: TNO, 2013.
17.
18.
Maurer TJ, Weiss EM, Barbeite FG. A model of involvement in work-related learning and development activity: the effects of individual, situational, motivational, and age variables. J Appl Psychol. 2003;88:707–24.CrossRef
19.
20.
Borghans L, Fouarge D, De Grip A, Van Thor J. Werken en leren in Nederland. [Working en learning in the Netherlands]. Maastricht: ROA (Researchcenter for Education and Labormarket), 2014.
21.
Van Dam K, Van der Vorst J, Van der Heijden BIJM. Employees’ intentions to retire early: a case of planned behavior and anticipated work conditions. J Career Dev. 2009;35:265–89.CrossRef
22.
Templer A, Armstrong-Stassen M, Cattaneo J. Antecedents of older workers’ motives for continuing to work. Career Dev Int. 2010;15:479–500.CrossRef
23.
Damman M, Henkens K, Kalmijn M. Late-career work disengagement: the role proximity to retirement and career experiences. J Gerontol B-Psychol. 2013;68:455–63.CrossRef
24.
Akkermans J, Brenninkmeijer V, Van den Bossche SNJ, Blonk RWB, Schaufeli WB. Young and going strong? A longitudinal study on occupational health among young employees of different educational levels. Career Dev Int. 2013;18:416–35.CrossRef
25.
Schaufeli WB, Bakker AB. Bevlogenheid: een begrip gemeten [Work Engagement: Measuring a Concept]. Gedrag Organ. 2004;17:89–112.
26.
Schaufeli WB, Bakker AB, Salanova M. The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire. A cross-national study. Educ Psychol Meas. 2006;66:701–16.CrossRef
27.
Kop N, Euwema M, Schaufeli W. Burnout, job stress, and violent behaviour among Dutch police officers. Work Stress. 1999;13:326–40.CrossRef
28.
29.
Hermens F, Boutellier H, Van der Klein M. Trots en collegialiteit. De behoefte van politiemensen aan waardering en erkenning. [pride and collegiality. The need of police officers for appreciation and recognition]. Verwey-Jonker Instituut: Utrecht; 2016.
30.
Van Veldhoven M, Dorenbosch L. Age, proactivity and career development. Career Dev Int. 2008;13:112–31.CrossRef
31.
Rosseel Y. Lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling. J Stat Softw. 2012;48(2):1–36.CrossRef
32.
Browne MW, Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Newbury Park: Sage Publications; 1993.
33.
Hu LT, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Eq Modeling. 1999;6:1–55.CrossRef
34.
Cheung GW, Rensvold RB. Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Struct Eq Modeling. 2002;9:233–55.CrossRef
35.
Fouarge D, Schils T, De Grip A. Why do less educated workers invest less in further training? Appl Econ. 2013;45:2587–601.CrossRef
36.
Martinussen M, Richardsen AM, Burke RJ. Job demands, job resources, and burnout among police officers. J Crim Just. 2007;35:239–49.CrossRef
37.
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Ageing 2013. New York: United Nations publication, 2013. ST/ESA/SER.A/348.
Metadata
Title
Development of a new measure for mental retirement; testing of a three-factor structure of mental retirement in different subgroups
Authors
Jenny J. J. M. Huijs
Irene L. D. Houtman
Roland W. B. Blonk
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7649-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

BMC Public Health 1/2019 Go to the issue

Research article

Physical activity and emotional intelligence among undergraduate students: a correlational study

Study protocol

A cluster randomised trial of an intervention to increase the implementation of physical activity practices in secondary schools: study protocol for scaling up the Physical Activity 4 Everyone (PA4E1) program

Research article

Association between dietary inflammatory index and bone density in lactating women at 6 months postpartum: a longitudinal study

Research article

Whole systems approaches to obesity and other complex public health challenges: a systematic review

Research article

Epidemiological investigation on hand hygiene knowledge and behaviour: a cross-sectional study on gender disparity

Research article

Associations of sedentary time and self-reported television time during pregnancy with incident gestational diabetes and plasma glucose levels in women at risk of gestational diabetes in the UK