Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Obesity | Research article

The association between television viewing time and percent body fat in adults varies as a function of physical activity and sex

Authors: Richard R. Suminski, Freda Patterson, Mackenzie Perkett, Katie M. Heinrich, Walker S. Carlos Poston

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Data suggest that sedentary behavior is an independent risk factor for obesity; however, the extent to which physical activity (PA) and sex alter this relationship remains unclear. To address this gap, the current study examined the association between television (TV) viewing time and percent body fat (%BF) as a function of PA level and sex.

Methods

Trained interviewers assessed 454 adults at their place of residence. Participants completed questionnaires to determine h of TV watched per week, PA level (inactive = not meeting PA guidelines vs. active = meeting PA guideline), and covariates including demographics (e.g., sex), depression symptoms, perceived stress, fruit and vegetable intake, and environmental support for PA. Foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance (Tanita TBF-300, Tokyo, Japan) was used to assess %BF. Mixed models were generated to examine the association between TV h/wk. and %BF as a function of PA level and sex while accounting for the multi-level nature of the data (neighborhood- and individual-levels) and covariates.

Results

Participants were 44.4 ± 14.0 (Mean + Standard Deviation) years of age with 33.2 ± 11.1%BF, and watched 19.3 ± 15.5 h/wk. of TV. Most were female (70.9%) and inactive (63.2%). Mixed model regression demonstrated that among inactive participants, each additional h of TV viewed/wk. was associated with a 1.03% increase in %BF; TV h/wk. and %BF were not associated in active adults. When models were further stratified by sex, h of TV viewed/wk. were significantly associated with %BF only in inactive females. Each additional h of TV viewed/wk. was associated with an increase in %BF of 1.14%. Conclusion: Interventions targeting PA and/or TV viewing time may be a high-priority to curb excess BF accumulation especially among inactive females.
Literature
1.
Guidelines (2013) for managing overweight and obesity in adults. Preface to the Expert Panel Report (comprehensive version which includes systematic evidence review, evidence statements, and recommendations). Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014;22(Suppl 2):S40.
2.
Hales CM, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2015–2016. 2017;288:1–8.
3.
4.
Lemstra M, Bird Y, Nwankwo C, Rogers M, Moraros J. Weight loss intervention adherence and factors promoting adherence: a meta-analysis. Patient Prefer Ad. 2016;10:1547–59.CrossRef
5.
6.
Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD, Saunders TJ, Carson V, Latimer-Cheung AE, et al. Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) – Terminology Consensus Project process and outcome. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;10;14(1):75.
7.
Wilmot EG, Edwardson CL, Achana FA, Davies MJ, Gorely T, Gray LJ, et al. Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2012;55(11):2895–905.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Dohrn IM, Sjostrom M, Kwak L, Oja P, Hagstromer M. Accelerometer-measured sedentary time and physical activity-A 15 year follow-up of mortality in a Swedish population-based cohort. J Sci Med Sport. 2017;S1440–2440(17):31748–6.
9.
Patterson F, Huang L, Lozano A, Malone S, Suminski R, Hanlon A. A population analysis of socio-demographic differences in sedentary behavior among middle-age adults. In: International Society of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Victoria, Canada; 2017.
10.
Hamer M, Stamatakis E. Prospective study of sedentary behavior, risk of depression, and cognitive impairment. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(4):718–23.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
11.
Sanchez-Villegas A, Ara I, Guillén-Grima F, Bes-Rastrollo M, Varo-Cenarruzabeitia JJ, Martínez-González MA. Physical activity, sedentary index, and mental disorders in the SUN cohort study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:827–34.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Wanner M, Richard A, Martin B, Faeh D, Rohrmann S. Associations between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity, sedentarybehavior and overweight/obesity in NHANES 2003-2006. Int J Obes. 2017;41(1):186–93.CrossRef
13.
Golubic R, Wijndaele K, Sharp SJ, Simmons RK, Griffin SJ, Wareham NJ, et al. Physical activity, sedentary time and gain in overall and central body fat: 7-year follow-up of the ProActive trial cohort. Int J Obes. 2015;39(1):142–8.CrossRef
14.
Hu FB, Li TY, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE. Television watching and other sedentary behaviors in relation to risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA. 2003;289(14):1785–91.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Heinonen I, Helajarvi H, Pahkala K, Heinonen OJ, Hirvensalo M, Palve K. Sedentary behaviours and obesity in adults: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. J Epidemiol. 2012;22(1):50–6.CrossRef
16.
Inoue S, Sugiyama T, Takamiya T, Oka K, Owen N, Shimomitsu T. Television viewing time is associated with overweight/obesity among older adults, independent of meeting physical activity and health guidelines. J Epidemiol. 2012;22(1):50–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
Dunton GF, Berrigan D, Ballard-Barbash R, Graubard B, Atienza AA. Joint associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviors with body mass index: results from a time use survey of US adults. Int J Obes. 2009 Dec;33(12):1427–36.CrossRef
18.
Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Owen N, Armstrong T, Zimmet PZ, Welborn TA, et al. Associations of TV viewing and physical activity with the metabolic syndrome in Australian adults. Diabetologia. 2005;48(11):2254–61.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Jakes RW, Day NE, Khaw KT, Luben R, Oakes S, Welch A, et al. Television viewing and low participation in vigorous recreation are independently associated with obesity and markers of cardiovascular disease risk: EPIC-Norfolk population-based study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57:1089–96.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Prince SA, Saunders TJ, Gresty K, Reid RD. A comparison of the effectiveness of physical activity and sedentary behaviour interventions in reducing sedentary time in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Obes Rev. 2014;15(11):905–19.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
21.
Saffer H, Dave D, Grossman M, Leung LA. Racial, ethnic, and gender differences in physical activity. J Hum Cap. 2013;7(4):378–410.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Diaz KM, Howard VJ, Hutto B, Colabianchi N, Vena JE, Blair SN, et al. Patterns of Sedentary Behavior in US Middle-Age and Older Adults: The REGARDS Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(3):430–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
23.
Heinrich KM, Hughey J, Randles A, Wall D, Peterson NA, Jitnarin N, et al. The census of social institutions (CSI): a public health direct observation measure of local land use. J Urban Health. 2010;87(3):410–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
24.
Jitnarin N, Heinrich KM, Haddock CK, Hughey J, Berkel L, Poston WSC. Neighborhood environment perceptions and the likelihood of smoking and alcohol use. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(1):784–99.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
Rubiano F, Nunez C, Heymsfield SB. A comparison of body composition techniques. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;904:335–8.PubMedCrossRef
26.
27.
Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381–95.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Rosenberg DE, Norman GJ, Wagner N, Patrick K, Calfas KJ, Sallis JF. Reliability and validity of the sedentary behavior questionnaire (SBQ) for adults. J Phys Act Health. 2010;7:697–705.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Van de Velde S, Levecque K, Bracke P. Measurement equivalence of the CES-D 8 in the general population in Belgium: a gender perspective. Arch of Public Health. 2009;67(1):15–29.CrossRef
30.
Cohen SW, Williamson GM. Percieved Stress in a Probability Sample of the United States. The Soc Psych Health. 1988:31–67.
31.
Block G, Gillespie C, Rosenbaum E, Jenson C. A rapid food screener to assess fat and fruit and vegetable intake. Am J Prev Med. 2000;18:284–8.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Sallis JF, Bowles HR, Bauman A, Ainsworth BE, Bull FC, Craig CL, et al. Neighborhood environments and physical activity among adults in 11 countries. Am J Prev Med. 2009;36(6):484–90.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Salmon J, Bauman A, Crawford D, Timperio A, Owen N. The association between television viewing and overweight among Australian adults participating in varying levels of leisure-time physical activity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24(5):600–6.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Ching PL, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Gortmaker SL, Stampfer MJ. Activity level and risk of overweight in male health professionals. Am J Public Health. 1996;86(1):25–30.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
35.
Menai M, Charreire H, Kesse-Guyot E, Andreeva VA, Hercberg S, Galan P, et al. Determining the association between types of sedentary behaviours and cardiometabolic risk factors: a 6-year longitudinal study of French adults. Diabetes Metab. 2016;42(2):112–21.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Tucker LA, Tucker JM. Television viewing and obesity in 300 women: evaluation of the pathways of energy intake and physical activity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011;19(10):1950–6.CrossRef
37.
Maher CA, Mire E, Harrington DM, Staiano AE, Katzmarzyk PT. The independent and combined associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with obesity in adults: NHANES 2003-06. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21(12):E730–7.CrossRef
38.
Sugiyama T, Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Owen N. Is television viewing time a marker of a broader pattern of sedentary behavior? Ann Behav Med. 2008;35(2):245–50.PubMedCrossRef
39.
McVeigh J, Smith A, Howie E, Straker L. Trajectories of Television Watching from Childhood to Early Adulthood and Their Association with Body Composition and Mental Health Outcomes in Young Adults. PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0152879.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
Van Dyck D, Cerin E, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Hinckson E, Reis RS, Davey R, et al. International study of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with body mass index and obesity: IPEN adult study. Int J Obes. 2015;39(2):199–207.CrossRef
41.
Mummery WK, Schofield GM, Steele R, Eakin EG, Brown WJ. Occupational sitting time and overweight and obesity in Australian workers. Am J Prev Med. 2005;29(2):91–7.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Lin T, Courtney TK, Lombardi DA, Verma SK. Association between sedentary work and BMI in a U.S. National Longitudinal Survey. Am J Prev Med. 2015;49(6):e117–23.PubMedCrossRef
43.
44.
Hassan NE, Wahba SA, El-Masry SA, Abd Elhamid ER, Boseila SAW, Ahmed NH, et al. Eating habits and lifestyles among a sample of obese working Egyptian women. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2015;3(1):12–7.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Liebman M, Pelican S, Moore SA, Holmes B, Wardlaw MK, Melcher LM, et al. Dietary intake, eating behavior, and physical activity-related determinants of high body mass index in rural communities in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27(6):684–92.PubMedCrossRef
46.
47.
León-Muñoz LM, García-Esquinas E, Soler-Vila H, Guallar-Castillón P, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. Unhealthy eating behaviors and weight gain: a prospective study in young and middle-age adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016;24(5):1178–84.CrossRef
48.
Serrano S, Lee JW, Dehom S, Tonstad S. The association of TV watching to sleep problems in a church-going population. Fam Community Health. 2014;37(4):279–87.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
49.
Robinson TN. Reducing Children’s television viewing to prevent obesity a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1999;282(16):1561–7.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Escobar-Chaves SL, Markham CM, Addy RC, Greisinger A, Murray NG, Brehm B. The fun families study: intervention to reduce children's TV viewing. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010;18(Suppl 1):S99–101.CrossRef
51.
Epstein LH, Roemmich JN, Robinson JL, Paluch RA, Winiewicz DD, Fuerch JH, et al. A randomized trial of the effects of reducing television viewing and computer use on body mass index in young children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008;162(3):239–45.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
52.
Wu L, Sun S, He Y, Jiang B. The effect of interventions targeting screen time reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(27):e4029.CrossRef
53.
Spring B, Schneider K, McFadden HG, Vaughn J, Kozak AT, Smith M, et al. Multiple behavior changes in diet and activity: a randomized controlled trial using mobile technology. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(10):789–96.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
54.
Otten JJ, Jones KE, Littenberg B, Harvey-Berino J. Effects of television viewing reduction on energy intake and expenditure in overweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(22):2109–15.PubMedCrossRef
55.
French SA, Mitchell NR, Hannan PJ. Decrease in television viewing predicts lower BMI at one year follow up in adolescents but not adults. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2012;44(5):415–22.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
56.
Patterson F, Lenhart CM. Characteristics of smokers from a National Sample who Engaged in any physical activity: implications for cardiovascular health intervention. Am J Health Ed. 2016;47(2):117–23.CrossRef
57.
Patterson F, Malone SK, Lozano A, Grandner MA, Hanlon AL. Smoking, screen-based sedentary behavior, and diet associated with habitual sleep duration and Chronotype: data from the UK biobank. Ann Behav Med. 2016;50(5):715–26.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
58.
59.
Kyle UG, Bosaeus I, De Lorenzo AD, Deurenberg P, Elia M, Gómez JM, Heitmann BL. Et al; composition of the ESPEN working group. Bioelectrical impedance analysis--part I: review of principles and methods. Clin Nutr. 2004;23(5):1226–43.CrossRef
60.
Malone SK, Patterson F, Lu Y, Lozano A, Hanlon A. Ethnic differences in sleep duration and morning-evening type in a population sample. Chronobiol Int. 2016;33(1):10–21.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Thorp AA, Owen N, Neuhaus M, Dunstan DW. Sedentary behaviors and subsequent health outcomes in adults a systematic review of longitudinal studies, 1996-2011. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41(2):207–15.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Drenowatz C, DeMello MM, Shook RP, Hand GA, Burgess S, Blair SN. The association between sedentary behaviors during weekdays and weekend with change in body composition in young adults. AIMS Public Health. 2016;3(2):375–88.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
63.
Aday L, Cornelius LJ. Choosing the Methods of Data Collection: Comparison of Personal Interviews, Telephone Interviews, and Self-Administered Questionnaires. In: Designing and Conducting Health Surveys: A Comprehensive Guide (3rd Ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1996. p. 105–14.
64.
Aquilino WS. Interview mode effects in surveys of drug and alcohol use: a field experiment. Pub Opin Quart. 1994;58:210–40.CrossRef
65.
Groves R. Theories and methods of telephone surveys. Ann Rev Soc. 1990;16:221–40.CrossRef
66.
67.
LaPorte RE, Adams LL, Savage DD, Brenes G, Dearwater S, Cook T. The spectrum of physical activity, cardiovascular disease and health: an epidemiologic perspective. Am J Epid. 1984;120(4):507–17.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
The association between television viewing time and percent body fat in adults varies as a function of physical activity and sex
Authors
Richard R. Suminski
Freda Patterson
Mackenzie Perkett
Katie M. Heinrich
Walker S. Carlos Poston
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keywords
Obesity
Obesity
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7107-4

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

BMC Public Health 1/2019 Go to the issue

Study protocol

Integrated and simplified approaches to community management of acute malnutrition in rural Kenya: a cluster randomized trial protocol

Study protocol

A cluster randomised trial of an intervention to increase the implementation of physical activity practices in secondary schools: study protocol for scaling up the Physical Activity 4 Everyone (PA4E1) program

Research article

Use of a public park for physical activity in the Caribbean: evidence from a mixed methods study in Jamaica

Study protocol

Research protocol of two concurrent cluster-randomized trials: Real-life Effect of a CAMPaign with Measles Vaccination (RECAMP-MV) and Real-life Effect of a CAMPaign with Oral Polio Vaccination (RECAMP-OPV) on mortality and morbidity among children in rural Guinea-Bissau

Debate

Implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy in people living with HIV in Zambia: challenges and lessons

Research article

Evaluation of the appropriate predictive contributor and diagnostic threshold for the cardio-metabolic syndrome in Chinese Uyghur adults