Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

Time to ‘re-think’ physical activity promotion for young people? Results from a repeated cross-sectional study

Authors: Paul Best, Mark A. Tully, Rekesh Corepal, Frank Kee, Ruth F. Hunter

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge of the current UK physical activity (PA) guidelines and amount of daily PA using a sample population of 11–16 year olds in Northern Ireland.

Methods

Cross-sectional survey data from the 2010 and 2013 Young Persons’ Behaviour and Attitudes Survey of 10,790 young people provided information on PA, knowledge of guidelines and socio-demographic characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between knowledge and amount of daily PA.

Results

Results from 2013 showed 67.0% of respondents were aware of PA guidelines with 15.4% reporting meeting them. Males were more likely to meet PA guidelines than females (OR 3.36, 95% CI 2.47, 4.59). Males who were active for 60 min or more, 7 days per week were less likely to be aware of guidelines (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.02, 2.24). For females, knowledge of PA guidelines had no significant association with amount of daily PA (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 0.99, 3.07). Those who did not enjoy being active were less likely to meet the guidelines (OR = 0.05, 95% CI 0.02, 0.12).

Conclusions

Knowledge did not appear to be an important predictor of PA in young people. Consequently, threshold based messaging containing recommended minimum PA guideline information may not be appropriate for this age group. Re-branding PA promotion to include the use of humour may offer a new direction for public health messaging based around fun and enjoyment.
Literature
1.
go back to reference World Health Organisation. Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2009. World Health Organisation. Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2009.
2.
go back to reference Kohl HW, Craig CL, Lamber EV, Inoue S, Alkandari JR, Leetongin G, Kahlmeier S. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. Lancet. 2012;380:294–305.CrossRefPubMed Kohl HW, Craig CL, Lamber EV, Inoue S, Alkandari JR, Leetongin G, Kahlmeier S. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. Lancet. 2012;380:294–305.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Van Sluijs EMF, McMinn AM, Griffin SJ. Effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity in children and adolescents: systematic review of controlled trials. Brit Med J. 2007;335:1–13.CrossRef Van Sluijs EMF, McMinn AM, Griffin SJ. Effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity in children and adolescents: systematic review of controlled trials. Brit Med J. 2007;335:1–13.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Dumith SC, Gigante DP, Domingue MR, Kohl HW. Physical activity change during adolescence: a systematic review and a pooled analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40:685–98.CrossRefPubMed Dumith SC, Gigante DP, Domingue MR, Kohl HW. Physical activity change during adolescence: a systematic review and a pooled analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40:685–98.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Kriemler S, Meyer U, Martin E, van Sluijs EMF, Andersen LB, Martin BW. Effect of school-based interventions on physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents: a review of reviews and systematic update. Brit J Sports Med. 2011;45:923–30.CrossRef Kriemler S, Meyer U, Martin E, van Sluijs EMF, Andersen LB, Martin BW. Effect of school-based interventions on physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents: a review of reviews and systematic update. Brit J Sports Med. 2011;45:923–30.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Rachele JN, Cuddihy TF, Washington TL, et al. The association between adolescent self-reported physical activity and wellness : the missing piece for youth wellness programs. J Adol Health. 2014;55:281–6.CrossRef Rachele JN, Cuddihy TF, Washington TL, et al. The association between adolescent self-reported physical activity and wellness : the missing piece for youth wellness programs. J Adol Health. 2014;55:281–6.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference World Health Organisation. ‘Physical activity and young people’, global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2014. World Health Organisation. ‘Physical activity and young people’, global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2014.
8.
go back to reference Ekelund U, Tomkinson G, Armstrong N. What proportion of youth are physically active? Measurement issues, levels and recent time trends. Brit J of Sports Med. 2011;45:859–65.CrossRef Ekelund U, Tomkinson G, Armstrong N. What proportion of youth are physically active? Measurement issues, levels and recent time trends. Brit J of Sports Med. 2011;45:859–65.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Townsend N, Wickramasinghe K, Williams J, Bhatnagar P, Rayner M. Physical activity statistics. London: British Heart Foundation; 2015. Townsend N, Wickramasinghe K, Williams J, Bhatnagar P, Rayner M. Physical activity statistics. London: British Heart Foundation; 2015.
10.
go back to reference Brown DR, Soares J, Epping JM, Lankford TJ, Wallace JS, Hopkins D, Orleans CT. Stand-alone mass media campaigns to increase physical activity. Am J Prev Med. 2012;43:551–61.CrossRefPubMed Brown DR, Soares J, Epping JM, Lankford TJ, Wallace JS, Hopkins D, Orleans CT. Stand-alone mass media campaigns to increase physical activity. Am J Prev Med. 2012;43:551–61.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Bauman A, McLean G, Hurdle D, Walker S, Boyd J, Van Aalst I, Carr H. Evaluation of the national “push play” campaign in New Zealand - creating population awareness of physical activity. New Zeal Med J. 2003;116:1–11. Bauman A, McLean G, Hurdle D, Walker S, Boyd J, Van Aalst I, Carr H. Evaluation of the national “push play” campaign in New Zealand - creating population awareness of physical activity. New Zeal Med J. 2003;116:1–11.
12.
go back to reference Huhman M, Potter LD, Wong FL, Banspach SW, Duke JC, Heitzler CD. Effects of a mass media campaign to increase physical activity among children: year-1 results of the VERB campaign. Pediatrics. 2005;116:277–84.CrossRef Huhman M, Potter LD, Wong FL, Banspach SW, Duke JC, Heitzler CD. Effects of a mass media campaign to increase physical activity among children: year-1 results of the VERB campaign. Pediatrics. 2005;116:277–84.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Faulkner GEJ, Kwan MYW, MacNeill M, Brownrigg M. The long live kids campaign: awareness of campaign messages. J Health Comun. 2011;16:519–32.CrossRef Faulkner GEJ, Kwan MYW, MacNeill M, Brownrigg M. The long live kids campaign: awareness of campaign messages. J Health Comun. 2011;16:519–32.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Chalkley A, Milton K, Foster C. Change4Life evidence review: rapid evidence review on the effect of physical activity participation among children aged 5–11 years. London: Public Health England; 2015. Chalkley A, Milton K, Foster C. Change4Life evidence review: rapid evidence review on the effect of physical activity participation among children aged 5–11 years. London: Public Health England; 2015.
16.
go back to reference Craig CL, Bauman A, Gauvin L, Robertson J, Murumets K. ParticipACTION: A mass media campaign targeting parents of inactive children; knowledge, saliency, and trialing behaviours. Int J of Behav Nut Phys Act. 2009;6:88.CrossRef Craig CL, Bauman A, Gauvin L, Robertson J, Murumets K. ParticipACTION: A mass media campaign targeting parents of inactive children; knowledge, saliency, and trialing behaviours. Int J of Behav Nut Phys Act. 2009;6:88.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Leavy JE, Bull FC, Rosenberg M, Bauman A. Physical activity mass media campaigns and their evaluation: a systematic review of the literature 2003–2010. Health Educ Res. 2011;26:1060–85.CrossRefPubMed Leavy JE, Bull FC, Rosenberg M, Bauman A. Physical activity mass media campaigns and their evaluation: a systematic review of the literature 2003–2010. Health Educ Res. 2011;26:1060–85.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference DeBastiani SD, Carroll DD, Cunningham M, Lee S, Fulton J. Awareness and knowledge of the youth 2008 physical activity guidelines for Americans. J Phys Act Health. 2014;11:495–501.CrossRefPubMed DeBastiani SD, Carroll DD, Cunningham M, Lee S, Fulton J. Awareness and knowledge of the youth 2008 physical activity guidelines for Americans. J Phys Act Health. 2014;11:495–501.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Marques A, Martins J, Sarmento H, Rocha L, Carreiro da Costa F. Do students know the physical activity recommendations for health promotion? J Phys Act Health. 2015;12:253–6.CrossRefPubMed Marques A, Martins J, Sarmento H, Rocha L, Carreiro da Costa F. Do students know the physical activity recommendations for health promotion? J Phys Act Health. 2015;12:253–6.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Lavidge RJ, Steiner GA. A model for predictive measurements of advertising effectiveness. J Marketing. 1961;25:59–62.CrossRef Lavidge RJ, Steiner GA. A model for predictive measurements of advertising effectiveness. J Marketing. 1961;25:59–62.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. J Consult Clin Psych. 1983;51:390–5.CrossRef Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. J Consult Clin Psych. 1983;51:390–5.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Ajzen I. From intention to actions: a theory of planned behavior. In: Kuhl J, Bechmand J, editors. Action control: from cognition to behavior. New York: Springer; 1985. Ajzen I. From intention to actions: a theory of planned behavior. In: Kuhl J, Bechmand J, editors. Action control: from cognition to behavior. New York: Springer; 1985.
23.
go back to reference Locke EA, Latham GP. Goal setting theory. In: O’Neil Jr HF, Drillings M, editors. Motivation: theory and research. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1994. Locke EA, Latham GP. Goal setting theory. In: O’Neil Jr HF, Drillings M, editors. Motivation: theory and research. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1994.
24.
go back to reference Brawley LR, Latimer AE. Physical activity guides for Canadians: messaging strategies, realistic expectations for change, and evaluation. Can J Pub Health. 2007;98:170–84. Brawley LR, Latimer AE. Physical activity guides for Canadians: messaging strategies, realistic expectations for change, and evaluation. Can J Pub Health. 2007;98:170–84.
25.
go back to reference Hunter RF, Tully MA, Donnelly P, Stevenson M, Kee F. Knowledge of UK physical activity guidelines: Implications for better targeted health promotion. Prev Med. 2014;65:33–9.CrossRefPubMed Hunter RF, Tully MA, Donnelly P, Stevenson M, Kee F. Knowledge of UK physical activity guidelines: Implications for better targeted health promotion. Prev Med. 2014;65:33–9.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference De Cocker KA, De Bourdeaudhuij IM, Brown WJ, Cardon GM. Effects of “10,000 Steps Ghent”. Am J Prev Med. 2007;33:455–63.CrossRefPubMed De Cocker KA, De Bourdeaudhuij IM, Brown WJ, Cardon GM. Effects of “10,000 Steps Ghent”. Am J Prev Med. 2007;33:455–63.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Knox ECL, Webb OJ, Esliger DW, Biddle SJH, Sherar LB. Using threshold messages to promote physical activity: Implications for public perceptions of health effects. Eur J Pub Health. 2014;24:195–9.CrossRef Knox ECL, Webb OJ, Esliger DW, Biddle SJH, Sherar LB. Using threshold messages to promote physical activity: Implications for public perceptions of health effects. Eur J Pub Health. 2014;24:195–9.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Knox ECL, Esliger DW, Biddle SJH, Sherar LB. Lack of knowledge of physical activity guidelines: can physical activity promotion campaigns do better ? BMJ Open. 2013;3:1–6.CrossRef Knox ECL, Esliger DW, Biddle SJH, Sherar LB. Lack of knowledge of physical activity guidelines: can physical activity promotion campaigns do better ? BMJ Open. 2013;3:1–6.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Balbernie R. Circuits and circumstances: the neurobiological consequences of early relationship experiences and how they shape later behaviour. J Child Psych. 2001;27:237–55.CrossRef Balbernie R. Circuits and circumstances: the neurobiological consequences of early relationship experiences and how they shape later behaviour. J Child Psych. 2001;27:237–55.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Moore LV, Fulton J, Kruger J, McDivitt J. Knowledge of physical activity guidelines among adults in the United States, healthstyles 2003–2005. J Phys Act Health. 2010;7:141–9.CrossRefPubMed Moore LV, Fulton J, Kruger J, McDivitt J. Knowledge of physical activity guidelines among adults in the United States, healthstyles 2003–2005. J Phys Act Health. 2010;7:141–9.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Central Survey Unit. (2015). Young Persons’ Behaviour and Attitudes Survey, 2013. [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 7624, [Accessed 5th July 2016] Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Central Survey Unit. (2015). Young Persons’ Behaviour and Attitudes Survey, 2013. [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 7624, [Accessed 5th July 2016]
34.
go back to reference Scott JJ, Morgan PJ, Plotnikoff RC, Lubans DR. Reliability and validity of a single-item physical activity measure for adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health. 2015;51:787–93. doi:10.1111/jpc.12836. Scott JJ, Morgan PJ, Plotnikoff RC, Lubans DR. Reliability and validity of a single-item physical activity measure for adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health. 2015;51:787–93. doi:10.​1111/​jpc.​12836.
35.
go back to reference Gill DP, Jones GR, Zou G, Speechley M. Using a single question to assess physical activity in older adults: a reliability and validity study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2012;12:1–10.CrossRef Gill DP, Jones GR, Zou G, Speechley M. Using a single question to assess physical activity in older adults: a reliability and validity study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2012;12:1–10.CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Sterdt E, Liersch S, Walter U. Correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews. Health Educ J. 2014;73:72–89.CrossRef Sterdt E, Liersch S, Walter U. Correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews. Health Educ J. 2014;73:72–89.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Corder K, van Sluijs EMF, Goodyer I, Ridgway CL, Steele RM, Bamber D, et al. Physical activity awareness of british adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165:603–9. Corder K, van Sluijs EMF, Goodyer I, Ridgway CL, Steele RM, Bamber D, et al. Physical activity awareness of british adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165:603–9.
39.
go back to reference Martins J, Marques A, Sarmento H, Carreiro da Costa F. Adolescents’ perspectives on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity: a systematic review of qualitative studies. Health Educ Res. 2015;30:742–55.CrossRefPubMed Martins J, Marques A, Sarmento H, Carreiro da Costa F. Adolescents’ perspectives on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity: a systematic review of qualitative studies. Health Educ Res. 2015;30:742–55.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Lister C, Royne M, Payne HE, Cannon B, Hanson C, Barnes M. The laugh model: reframing and rebranding public health through social media. Am J Pub Health. 2015;105:2245–51.CrossRef Lister C, Royne M, Payne HE, Cannon B, Hanson C, Barnes M. The laugh model: reframing and rebranding public health through social media. Am J Pub Health. 2015;105:2245–51.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Gold J, Lim MS, Hellard ME, Hocking JS, Keogh L. What’s in a message? Delivering sexual health promotion to young people in Australia via text messaging. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:792.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gold J, Lim MS, Hellard ME, Hocking JS, Keogh L. What’s in a message? Delivering sexual health promotion to young people in Australia via text messaging. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:792.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
go back to reference Bauman AE, Reis RS, Sallis JF, Wells JC, Loos RJF, Martin BW. Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not? Lancet. 2012;380:258–71.CrossRefPubMed Bauman AE, Reis RS, Sallis JF, Wells JC, Loos RJF, Martin BW. Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not? Lancet. 2012;380:258–71.CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Sniehotta FF, Presseau J, Araújo-Soares V. Time to retire the theory of planned behaviour. Health Psych Rev. 2014;8:1–7.CrossRef Sniehotta FF, Presseau J, Araújo-Soares V. Time to retire the theory of planned behaviour. Health Psych Rev. 2014;8:1–7.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Worsley A. Nutrition knowledge and food consumption: can nutrition knowledge change food behaviour? Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr. 2002;11:S579–85.CrossRef Worsley A. Nutrition knowledge and food consumption: can nutrition knowledge change food behaviour? Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr. 2002;11:S579–85.CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Olson JM, Zanna MP. Understanding and promoting exercise: a social psychological perspective. Can J Pub Health. 1987;78:S1–7. 1. Olson JM, Zanna MP. Understanding and promoting exercise: a social psychological perspective. Can J Pub Health. 1987;78:S1–7. 1.
47.
go back to reference Adams SA, Matthews CE, Ebbeling CB, Moore CG, Cunningham JE, Fulton J, Hebert JR. The effect of social desirability and social approval on self-reports of physical activity. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;161:389–98.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Adams SA, Matthews CE, Ebbeling CB, Moore CG, Cunningham JE, Fulton J, Hebert JR. The effect of social desirability and social approval on self-reports of physical activity. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;161:389–98.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Time to ‘re-think’ physical activity promotion for young people? Results from a repeated cross-sectional study
Authors
Paul Best
Mark A. Tully
Rekesh Corepal
Frank Kee
Ruth F. Hunter
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4136-8

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

BMC Public Health 1/2017 Go to the issue