Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

ACC 2024 Congress

Catch up on all the top stories and latest evidence in cardiology research with our ACC 2024 Congress hub page.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Study protocol

Protocol for the SEED-trial: Supported Employment and preventing Early Disability

Authors: Vigdis Sveinsdottir, Torill Helene Tveito, Gary R. Bond, Astrid Louise Grasdal, Stein Atle Lie, Silje Endresen Reme

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Early withdrawal or exclusion from the labor market leads to significant personal and societal costs. In Norway, the increasing numbers of young adults receiving disability pension is a growing problem. While a large body of research demonstrates positive effects of Supported Employment (SE) in patients with severe mental illness, no studies have yet investigated the effectiveness of SE in young adults with a range of social and health conditions who are receiving benefits.

Methods/design

The SEED-trial is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing traditional vocational rehabilitation (TVR) to SE in 124 unemployed individuals between the ages of 18-29 who are receiving benefits due to various social- or health-related problems. The primary outcome is labor market participation during the first year after enrollment. Secondary outcomes include physical and mental health, health behaviors, and well-being, collected at baseline, 6, and 12 months. A cost-benefit analysis will also be conducted.

Discussion

The SEED-trial is the first RCT to compare SE to TVR in this important and vulnerable group, at risk of being excluded from working life at an early age.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov, registration number NCT02375074. Registered on December 3rd 2014
Literature
1.
Bragstad T, Ellingsen J, Lindbøl MN. Hvorfor blir det flere uførepensjonister? Arbeid og velferd. 2012;2012(1):26–39.
2.
NAV. The development of disability pension, by December 15th 2015. Oslo: Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV); 2016.
3.
NAV. Recipients of disability pension by gender and age, 31.12.2005-2014. Oslo: Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV); 2015.
4.
Statistics Norway (SSB). Statbank, table 10211: Population, by sex and age. Oslo: Statistics Norway (SSB); 2016.
5.
NAV. Recipients of disability pension by diagnosis, age, and gender, per 31.12.2011. Oslo: Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV); 2012.
6.
NAV. Days of sick leave 4th quarter 2005-2014. Diagnosis and gender. Numbers and percent. Oslo: Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV); 2014.
7.
Lindbøl M. The development in disability pension, December 31st 2011 (statistics note). Oslo: The Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration (NAV); 2012.
8.
Brunborg H. Increasing life expectancy and the growing elderly population. Norsk Epidemiologi. 2012;22(2):75–83.CrossRef
9.
Hultin H, Lindholm C, Möller J. Is there an association between long-term sick leave and disability pension and unemployment beyond the effect of health status? – A cohort study. PLoS One. 2012;7:4.CrossRef
10.
NAV. (2013). Arbeid kan hindre langvarig sykefravær. Oslo: The Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV).
11.
Tveito TH, Halvorsen A, Lauvålien JV, Eriksen HR. Room for everyone in working life? 10 % of the employees – 82 % of the sickness leave. Norsk Epidemiologi. 2002;12(1):63–8.
12.
Wehman P, Moon MS. Vocational rehabilitation and supported employment. Baltimore: Paul Brookes; 1988.
13.
Bond GR, Drake RE. Making the Case for IPS Supported Employment. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2014;41(1):69-73.
14.
Nazarov ZE, Golden TP, Schrader S. Prevocational services and supported employment wages. J Vocat Rehabil. 2012;37(2):119–29.
15.
Bond GR, Salyers MP, Dincin J, Drake R, Becker DR, Fraser VV, Haines M. A randomized controlled trial comparing two vocational models for persons with severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007;75(6):968–82.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Davis LL, Leon AC, Toscano R, Drebing CE, Ward LC, Parker PE, Kashner TM, Drake RE. A randomized controlled trial of supported employment among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatr Serv. 2012;63(5):464–70.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Drake RE, McHugo GJ, Becker DR, Anthony WA, Clark RE. The New Hampshire study of supported employment for people with severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996;64(2):391–9.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Drake RE, McHugo GJ, Bebout RR, Becker DR, Harris M, Bond GR, Quimby E. A randomized clinical trial of supported employment for inner-city patients with severe mental disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56(7):627–33.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Lehman AF, Goldberg R, Dixon LB, McNary S, Postrado L, Hackman A, McDonnell K. Improving employment outcomes for persons with severe mental illnesses. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59(2):165–72.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Mueser KT, Clark RE, Haines M, Drake RE, McHugo GJ, Bond GR, Essock SM, Becker DR, Wolfe R, Swain K. The Hartford study of supported employment for persons with severe mental illness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004;72(3):479–90.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Gold PB, Meisler N, Santos AB, Carnemolla MA, Williams OH, Keleher J. Randomized trial of supported employment integrated with assertive community treatment for rural adults with severe mental illness. Schizophr Bull. 2006;32(2):378–95.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Nuechterlein KH. Individual placement and support after an initial episode of schizophrenia: the UCLA randomized controlled trial. In: 7th International Conference on Early Psychosis, Early Psychoses: A lifetime Perspective, vol. 4. Amsterdam: Blackwell Publishing Asia; 2010. p. 1–15.
23.
Bond GR, Kim SJ, Becker DR, Swanson SJ, Drake RE, Krzos IM, Fraser VV, O’Neill S, Frounfelker RL. A controlled trial of Supported Employment for people with severe mental illness and justice involvement. Psychiatr Serv. 2015;66(10):1027–34.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Drake RE, Frey W, Bond GR, Goldman HH, Salkever D, Miller A, Moore TA, Riley J, Karakus M, Milfort R. Assisting Social Security Disability Insurance beneficiaries with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression in returning to work. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(12):1433–41.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Killackey EJ, Allott KA, Cotton SM, Chinnery GL, Sun P, Collins Z, Massey J, Baksheev G, Jackson HJ. Vocational recovery in first episode psychosis: first results from a large controlled trial of IPS. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2012;6(Supplement 1):13.
26.
Bejerholm U, Areberg C, Hofgren C, Sandlund M, Rinaldi M. Individual Placement and Support in Sweden-A randomized controlled trial. Nord J Psychiatry. 2014;1:1–10.
27.
Oshima I, Sono T, Bond GR, Nishio M, Ito J. A randomized controlled trial of individual placement and support in Japan. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2014;37(2):137–43.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Viering S, Jager M, Bartsch B, Nordt C, Rossler W, Warnke I, Kawohl W. Supported Employment for the reintegration of disability pensioners with mental illnesses: a randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health. 2015;3:237.PubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Waghorn G, Dias S, Gladman B, Harris M, Saha S. A multi-site randomised controlled trial of evidence-based supported employment for adults with severe and persistent mental illness. Aust Occup Ther J. 2014;61(6):424–36.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Heslin M, Howard L, Leese M, McCrone P, Rice C, Jarrett M, Spokes T, Huxley P, Thornicroft G. Randomized controlled trial of supported employment in England: 2 year follow-up of the Supported Work and Needs (SWAN) study. World Psychiatry. 2011;10(2):132–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Burns T, Catty J, Becker T, Drake RE, Fioritti A, Knapp M, Lauber C, Rossler W, Tomov T, van Busschbach J, et al. The effectiveness of supported employment for people with severe mental illness: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370(9593):1146–52.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Killackey E, Jackson HJ, McGorry PD. Vocational intervention in first-episode psychosis: individual placement and support v. treatment as usual. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;193(2):114–20.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Latimer EA, Lecomte T, Becker DR, Drake RE, Duclos I, Piat M, Lahaie N, St-Pierre MS, Therrien C, Xie H. Generalisability of the individual placement and support model of supported employment: results of a Canadian randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;189:65–73.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Wong KK, Chiu R, Tang B, Mak D, Liu J, Chiu SN. A randomized controlled trial of a supported employment program for persons with long-term mental illness in Hong Kong. Psychiatr Serv. 2008;59(1):84–90.CrossRef
35.
Hoffmann H, Jackel D, Glauser S, Mueser KT, Kupper Z. Long-term effectiveness of supported employment: 5-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2014;171(11):1183–90.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Michon H, van Busschbach JT, Stant AD, van Vugt MD, van Weeghel J, Kroon H. Effectiveness of individual placement and support for people with severe mental illness in The Netherlands: a 30-month randomized controlled trial. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2014;37(2):129–36.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Twamley EW, Vella L, Burton CZ, Becker DR, Bell MD, Jeste DV. The efficacy of supported employment for middle-aged and older people with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2012;135(1-3):100–4.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Drake RE, Bond GR, Becker DR. Individual placement and support: an evidence-based approach to Supported Employment. New York: Oxford University Press, USA; 2012.CrossRef
39.
Becker DR, Swanson S, Bond GR, Merrens MR. Evidence-based supported employment fidelity review manual. 2nd ed. Lebanon: Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center; 2011.
40.
Bond GR, Campbell K, Drake RE. Standardizing measures in four domains of employment outcomes for individual placement and support. Psychiatr Serv. 2012;63(8):751–7.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Bush K, Kivlahan DR, McDonell MB, Fihn SD, Bradley KA. The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158(16):1789–95.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Berman AH, Bergman H, Palmstierna T, Schlyter F. DUDIT (Drug Use Disorders Identification Test) manual. Stockholm: Karolinska Institutet; 2003.
43.
Odeen M, Westerlund H, Theorell T, Leineweber C, Eriksen HR, Ursin H. Expectancies, socioeconomic status, and self-rated health: use of the simplified TOMCATS questionnaire. Int J Behav Med. 2012;1:1.
44.
Üstün TB, Kostanjsek N, Chatterji S, Rehm J. Measuring health and disability: manual for WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0): World Health Organization; 2010.
45.
Chalder T, Berelowitz G, Pawlikowska T, Watts L, Wessely S, Wright D, Wallace EP. Development of a fatigue scale. J Psychosom Res. 1993;37(2):147–53.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Broadbent E, Petrie KJ, Main J, Weinman J. The brief illness perception questionnaire. J Psychosom Res. 2006;60(6):631–7.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Rickels K, Uhlenhuth EH, Covi L. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): a self-report symptom inventory. Behav Sci. 1974;19(1):1–15.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Fisher EB, Bickle C, Harber K, Hughes CR, Jeffe DB, Kahl L, La Greca AM. Benefits of Directive and Nondirective Support are moderated by severity of circumstances. San Francisco: Annual Meeting of Society of Behavioral Medicine; 1997.
49.
Fisher EB, La Greca AM, Greco P, Arfken C, Schneiderman N. Directive and nondirective social support in diabetes management. Int J Behav Med. 1997;4(2):131–44.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Øyeflaten I, Gabriele JM, Fisher EB, Eriksen HR. Social support and subjective health complaints in occupational rehabilitation. Int J Ther Rehabil. 2010;17(8):424–35.CrossRef
51.
Eriksen HR, Ihlebaek C, Ursin H. A scoring system for subjective health complaints (SHC). Scand J Public Health. 1999;27(1):63–72.CrossRefPubMed
52.
The EuroQol Group. EuroQol-a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy. 1990;16(3):199–208.CrossRef
53.
Becker DR, Swanson S, Reese SL, Bond GR, McLeman BM. Evidence-based supported employment fidelity review manual. 3rd ed. Lebanon: Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center; 2016.
54.
Bond GR, Peterson AE, Becker DR, Drake RE. Validation of the Revised Individual Placement and Support Fidelity Scale (IPS-25). Psychiatr Serv. 2012;63(8):758–63.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Bond GR, Drake RE, Becker DR. An update on randomized controlled trials of evidence-based supported employment. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2008;31(4):280–90.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Berkowitz M. Measuring the effects of public programs. Cost and benefits in vocational rehabilitation. Philadelphia: Temple University Press; 1988.
57.
Haveman RH, Halberstadt V, Burhauser RV. Public policy toward disabled workers. Cross-national analyses of Economic Impacts. Ithaca: Cornell University Press; 1984.
58.
Risa AE. Economic evaluation of vocational rehabilitation programs. In: Social policy and the labor market. edn. Edited by de Jong PR, Marmor TR: Aldershot: Ashgate; 1997;191–203.
59.
Hagen EM, Grasdal A, Eriksen HR. Does early intervention with a light mobilization program reduce long-term sick leave for low back pain: a 3-year follow-up study. Spine. 2003;28(20):2309–15. discussion 2316.
Metadata
Title
Protocol for the SEED-trial: Supported Employment and preventing Early Disability
Authors
Vigdis Sveinsdottir
Torill Helene Tveito
Gary R. Bond
Astrid Louise Grasdal
Stein Atle Lie
Silje Endresen Reme
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3280-x

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

BMC Public Health 1/2016 Go to the issue

Research article

Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus and abnormal pap smears in female sex workers compared to the general population in Antwerp, Belgium

Study protocol

Study protocol: combining experimental methods, econometrics and simulation modelling to determine price elasticities for studying food taxes and subsidies (The Price ExaM Study)

Research article

The association of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking with body mass index: a cross-sectional, population-based study among Chinese adult male twins

Research article

Maternal profiles and social determinants of malnutrition and the MDGs: What have we learnt?

Research article

Evaluation of Daily Physical Activity (DPA) policy implementation in Ontario: surveys of elementary school administrators and teachers

Research article

A systematic review of published interventions for primary and secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in rural populations of Australia