Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research article

Attitudes and avatars instrument: development and initial testing

Authors: Annmarie A. Lyles, Susan K. Riesch, Roger L. Brown

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The purpose of the study was to develop and test the initial psychometric properties of the ATTitudes and Avatars INstrument (ATTAIN). The integrated behavior model guided instrument development to measure the young adolescent boys’ attitudes, intentions and actions to change their bodies.

Methods

An adolescent health expert panel and young adolescent boys were recruited to test for content validity. Fifty-nine boys 11 to 14 years of age were recruited at a middle school in the USA during physical education class to conduct a pilot study to test for internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

Results

The ATTAIN was found to have high content validity, slightly below recommended levels for internal consistency, and varied test-retest reliability.

Conclusion

The long-term goal of the development and testing of the ATTAIN is to make it available to researchers and professionals to screen and focus on adolescents’ perceptions of their bodies and using those perceptions to attain and maintain healthy bodies. The results of this study suggest preliminarily a theoretically derived instrument with appropriate content for young adolescent boys and variable reliability. The attitudes, intentions, and actions survey items and avatars as measured by the ATTAIN, were meaningful to the boys. The ATTAIN has potential to be used as a screening instrument for young adolescents boys and understanding their attitudes toward their bodies; however, it will require continued development and testing to establish construct and discriminant validity.
Literature
1.
Montano DE, Kasprzyk D. Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, and the Integrated Behavior Model. In: Glanz K, ed. Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. 2008; 68-96.
2.
National center for health statistics. Health, United States, 2010: With special features on Death and dying. Hyattsville: Department of Health and Human Services; 2011.
3.
4.
Li Y, Dai Q, Jackson JC, Zhang J. Overweight is associated with decreased cognitive functioning among school-age children and adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(8):1809–15.CrossRef
5.
Maayan L, Hoogendoorn C, Sweat V, Convit A. Disinhibited eating in obese adolescents is associated with orbitofrontal volume reductions and executive dysfunction. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011;19(7):1382–7.CrossRef
6.
Guo SS, Chumlea WC. Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood. Am J Clin Nutri. 1999;70:S145–8.
7.
Freedman DS, Wang J, Thornton JC, Mei Z, Pierson Jr RN, Dietz WH, et al. Racial/ethnic differences inbody fatness among children and adolescents. Obesity. 2008;16:1105–11.
8.
Office of the surgeon general. The surgeon's vision for a healthy and fit nation. Rockville: Department of Health and Human Services; 2010.
9.
Whitlock EP, O'Conner EA, Williams SB, Lutz KW. Effectiveness of weight management interventions in children: A targeted systematic review for the USPSTF. Pediatrics. 2010;125:396–418.CrossRef
10.
11.
12.
Maximova K, McGrath JJ, Barnett T, O’Loughlin J, Paradis G, Lambert M. Do you see what I see? weight status misperception and exposure to obesity among children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32:1008–15.CrossRef
13.
Barlow SE, Committee E. Expert committee recommendations regarding the prevention, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity: summary report. Pediatrics. 2007;120 Suppl 4:S164–92.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Bittner Fagan H, Diamond J, Myers R, Gill JM. Perception, intention, and action in adolescent obesity. J Am Board Fam Med. 2008;21(6):555–61.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Cohane GH, Pope Jr HG. Body image in boys: a review of the literature. Int J Eat Disord. 2001;29:373–9.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Al-Sendi AM, Shetty P, Musaiger AO. Body weight perception among Bahraini adolescents. Child Care Health Dev. 2004;30:369–76.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Stunkard AJ, Sorenson T, Schulsinger F. Use the Danish adoption register for the study of obesity and thinness. In: Kety SS, editor. Genetics of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. 1983. p. 115–20.
18.
19.
Wang Y, Liang H, Chen X. Measured body mass index, body weight perception, dissatisfaction and control practices in urban, low-income African American adolescents. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:183.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Bearman SK, Martinez E, Stice E, Presnell K. The skinny on body dissatisfaction: a longitudinal study of adolescent girls and boys. J Youth Adolesc. 2006;35:217–29.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Brener ND, Eaton DK, Lowry R, McManus T. The association between weight perception and BMI among high school students. Obes Res. 2004;12:1866–74.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Neumark-Sztainer D, Paxton SJ, Hannan PJ, Haines J, Story M. Does body satisfaction matter? Five-year longitudinal associations between body satisfaction and health behaviors in adolescent females and males. J Adolescent Health. 2006;39:244–51.CrossRef
23.
Edwards NM, Pettingell S, Borowsky IW. Where perception meets reality: Self-perception of weight in overweight adolescents. Pediatrics. 2010;125:e452–8.CrossRefPubMed
24.
DeVellis R. Scale development: Theory and applications. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2003.
25.
McDowell MA, Fryar CD, Hirsch R, Ogden CL. Anthropometric reference data for children and adults: U.S. population, 1999–2002. Adv Data. 2005;361:1–5.
26.
27.
Lyles AA. How adolescent boys perceive their bodies, body parts, and weight: letting adolescent boys’ voices be heard. J Pediatric Nursing. 2014;29(6):555–63.CrossRef
28.
29.
Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing research generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins; 2008.
30.
31.
Weir JP. Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM. J Strength Cond Res. 2005;219(1):231–40.
32.
McGraw KO, Wong SP. Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychol Methods. 1996;1:30–46.CrossRef
33.
Nunnally JC, Bernstein IH. Psychometric theory. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.; 1994.
34.
Yan AF, Zhang G, Wang MQ, Stoesen CA, Harris BM. Weight perception and weight control practice in a multiethnic sample of US adolescents. South Med J. 2009;102:354–60.CrossRefPubMed
35.
36.
Melnyk BM, Grossman D, Chou R, Mabry-Hernandez I, Nicholson W, Dewitt T, et al. US Preventive ServicesTask Force. USPSTF perspective on evidence-based preventive recommendations for children. Pediatrics. 2012;130(2):e399–e407.
Metadata
Title
Attitudes and avatars instrument: development and initial testing
Authors
Annmarie A. Lyles
Susan K. Riesch
Roger L. Brown
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2019-4

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

BMC Public Health 1/2015 Go to the issue

Research article

Non-fatal overdoses and related risk factors among people who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia and Kohtla-Järve, Estonia

Research article

Penile cancer treatment costs in England

Research article

Development of a Canadian socioeconomic status index for the study of health outcomes related to environmental pollution

Research article

Assessing care providers’ perceptions and beliefs about physical activity in infants and toddlers: baseline findings from the Baby NAP SACC study

Research article

Cardio-metabolic health risks in indigenous populations of Southeast Asia and the influence of urbanization

Study protocol

Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA): protocol for a multi-centre, longitudinal study