Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research article

Prevalence of tuberculosis and treatment outcome among university students in Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective study

Authors: Beyene Moges, Bemnet Amare, Gizachew Yismaw, Meseret Workineh, Shitaye Alemu, Desalew Mekonnen, Ermias Diro, Belay Tesema, Afework Kassu

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Universities tend to be highly congregate settings, both in the classroom and in residences, and thus provide special opportunities for large number of persons to be exposed to a person with tuberculosis (TB). Despite the high prevalence of TB in Ethiopia, the TB prevalence and the treatment outcome among students have never been studied. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the prevalence and treatment outcome of TB among students at University of Gondar from January 2007 to December 2011.

Methods

Data on age, sex, TB type, category, and treatment outcome of students with TB was collected from medical records of University of Gondar Hospital, TB Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) clinic. All TB cases diagnosed with smear, culture, and/or radiography were included in the study.

Results

During the five year study period in the university, there were an average of 36 students with TB per year out of a mean of 10,036 enrolled students. Smear positive pulmonary TB, smear negative pulmonary TB, and extra pulmonary TB, respectively, were observed in 46 (25.4%), 81 (44.8%) and 54 (29.8%) of the cases. The prevalence of all forms of TB per 100,000 populations in the University ranged from 297.6 in 2009 to 404 in 2011, respectively. The prevalence of TB in the Social Sciences and Humanities Faculty was higher than the one observed in the Medical College. The overall treatment outcome was classified as cured in 36 (19.9%), completed in 91 (50.3%), defaulted in 9 (5%), failed in 3 (1.7%), died in 1 (0.6%), and transferred out in 41 (22.7%) of the cases. Treatment success rate (TSR) among students in University was generally low ranging from 58.1% in 2009 to 82.9% in 2011 with a mean TSR of 70.2%.

Conclusion

The prevalence of TB is higher in comparison to the national figure among students in University of Gondar. Active surveillance systems could be important to get a clear picture of the TB situation in such settings. Assessing the factors associated with the high prevalence to gear the TB control strategy could also be essential.
Literature
1.
The Lodi Tuberculosis Working Group. A school- and community-based outbreak of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in northern Italy, 1992–3. Epidemiol Infect. 1994;113:83–93.CrossRef
2.
Ridzon R, Kent JH, Valway S, Weismuller P, Maxwell R, Elcock M, et al. Outbreak of drugresistant tuberculosis with second-generation transmission in a high school in California. J Pediatr. 1997;131:863–8.CrossRefPubMed
3.
World Health Organization. Tuberculosis Fact Sheet No104-Global and Regional Incidence. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2007.
4.
Hong F, Tu DH, An YS, Pan LN. Reform and practice of tuberculosis control in Beijing. J Chinese Antituberculosis Assoc. 2008;30:494–5.
5.
Zhou XS. Analysis of outbreak of tuberculosis in university. J Clin Pulm Med. 2006;11:724.
6.
Ge JR, Yuan CY, Ma LX, Zhang JC, Ma WS, Guo FA. Analysis epidemic of tuberculosis in colleges of Shijiazhuang. Health Med Res Practice Higher Institutions. 2006;3:3–4.
7.
Stein-Zamir C, Volovik I, Rishpon S, Atamna A, Lavy A, Weiler-Ravell D. Tuberculosis outbreak among students in a boarding school. Eur Respir J. 2006;28(5):986–91.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Maciel EL, Meireles W, Silva AP, Fiorotti K, Dietze R. Nosocomial Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission among healthcare students in a high incidence region, in Vitoria, State of Espirito Santo. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2007;40(4):397–9.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Christopher DJ, James P, Daley P, Armstrong L, Isaac BTJ, Thangakunam B, et al. High annual risk of tuberculosis infection among nursing students in South India: a cohort study. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26199.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Zinov’ev IP, Pozdeeva NV. Study of a risk for tuberculosis among medical students. Probl Tuberk Bolezn Legk. 2008;8:22–3.
11.
Zinov’ev IP, Pozdeeva NV. Medical students as an independent tuberculosis-risk group. Probl Tuberk Bolezn Legk. 2007;9:11–2.
12.
Teixeira EG, Kritski A, Ruffino Netto A, Steffen R, Silva JR LE, Belo M, et al. Medical students at risk of nosocomial tuberculosis. J Hosp Infect. 2010;77(1):80–1.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Munoz Sanchez AI, Bertolozzi MR. Functioning of the concept of vulnerability to tuberculosis amongst university students. Cien Saude Colet. 2011;16(2):669–75.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Murad MA, Abdulmageed SS. Tuberculosis screening among health sciences students in Saudi Arabia in 2010. Ann Saudi Med. 2010;32(5):527–9.
15.
Mussi TV, Traldi MC, Talarico JN. Knowledge as a factor in vulnerability to tuberculosis among nursing students and professionals. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2012;46(3):696–703.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Li X, Zhang S, Yan H, Zhang T, Zhang J. Barriers to tuberculosis control and prevention in undergraduates in Xi’an, China: a qualitative study. J Public Health Policy. 2010;31(3):355–68.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Hohmuth BA, Yamanija JC, Dayal AS, Nardell E, Salazar JJ, Smith Fawzi MC. Latent tuberculosis infection: risks to health care students at a hospital in Lima. Peru Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006;10(10):1146–51.PubMed
18.
Guo JL, Xu Q, Liu YQ. Investigation on freshmen’s tuberculosis infection in 33 universities in Beijing. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2006;40(5):355–8.PubMed
19.
Lissane Seifu, Sileshi T/Mariam. Tuberculosis among Students of Jimma University. Ethiop J Health Sci , 2001, 11 (1): 47–51
20.
21.
Ministry of Health of Ethiopia (MOH). Tuberculosis, Leprosy and TB/HIV Prevention and Control Programme Manual. Addis Ababa: MOH 4th edition. 2008, Treatment of tuberculosis guidelines. 4th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO/HTM/STB/2009.420).); 2010.
22.
23.
Zhang SR, Yan H, Zhang JJ, Zhang TH, Li XH, Zhang YP. The experience of college students with pulmonary tuberculosis in Shaanxi, China: a qualitative study. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:174.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Christopher DJ, James P, Daley P, Armstrong L, Isaac BTJ, Thangakunam B, et al. High annual risk of tuberculosis infection among nursing students in south India: a cohort study. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26199. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026199.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
26.
27.
28.
World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Control: Epidemiology, Strategy, fi Nancing. WHO Report 2009. WHO/ HTM/TB/2009.411. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2010.
29.
Ahmed E, Ibrahim A, Mulualem A, Adinew D, Zelalem Y, Kassu D. Assessment of patients’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding pulmonary tuberculosis in Eastern Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: cross-sectional study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;88(4):785–8.CrossRef
30.
Bati J, Legesse M, Medhin G. Community’s knowledge, attitudes and practices about tuberculosis in itang special district, gambella region, south western Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:734.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Rahel A, Meaza D. Assessment of knowledge and practices related to tuberculosis and associated factors among HIV. GJMEDPH. 2012;1(2):35–42. Positive People In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
32.
World Health Organization. 2006 Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2006.
33.
World Health Organization. 2009 Treatment of Tuberculosis: Guidelines – 4th Edition. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2009.
34.
World Health Organization. 2009 Global Tuberculosis Control - a Short Update to the 2009 Report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2009.
35.
World Health Organization. Treatment of Tuberculosis: Guidelines – 4th ed. WHO/HTM/TB/2009.420. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2010.
36.
Menzies D, Benedetti A, Paydar A, Royce S, Pai M, Burman W, et al. Standardized treatment of active tuberculosis in patients with previous treatment and/or with mono-esistance to isoniazid: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000150. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000150.
37.
Espinal MA. Time to abandon the standard retreatment regimen with first-line drugs for failures of standard treatment. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2003;7:607–8.PubMed
38.
Matthys F, Rigouts L, Sizaire V, Vezhnina N, Lecoq M, Golubeva V, et al. Outcomes after chemotherapy with WHO category II regimen in a population with high prevalence of drug resistant tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2009;4:e7954. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0007954.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Quy HT, Lan NT, Borgdorff MW, Grosset J, Linh PD, Tung LB, et al. Drug resistance among failure and relapse cases of tuberculosis: is the standard retreatment regimen adequate? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2003;7:631–6.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Prevalence of tuberculosis and treatment outcome among university students in Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective study
Authors
Beyene Moges
Bemnet Amare
Gizachew Yismaw
Meseret Workineh
Shitaye Alemu
Desalew Mekonnen
Ermias Diro
Belay Tesema
Afework Kassu
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1378-1

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

BMC Public Health 1/2015 Go to the issue

Research article

Diurnal patterns of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in older men

Research article

Seizing an opportunity: increasing use of cessation services following a tobacco tax increase

Research article

Body image and weight control in South Africans 15 years or older: SANHANES-1

Research article

Factors associated with sexual risk behaviors with non-steady partners and lack of recent HIV testing among German men who have sex with men in steady relationships: results from a cross-sectional internet survey

Study protocol

TaylorActive – Examining the effectiveness of web-based personally-tailored videos to increase physical activity: a randomised controlled trial protocol

Research article

“In a situation of rescuing life”: meanings given to diabetes symptoms and care-seeking practices among adults in Southeastern Tanzania: a qualitative inquiry