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BMC Psychiatry

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Open Access 01-12-2021 | Mood Disorders | Research

The association of different parenting styles among depressed parents and their offspring’s depression and anxiety: a cross-sectional study

Authors: Yanrong Wang, Honglan Shi, Yuan Wang, Xuan Zhang, Juan Wang, Yaoyao Sun, Jianwen Wang, Jiwei Sun, Fenglin Cao

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Background

Parenting styles play a critical role in children’s development, especially for those in families with a depressed parent. To date, no study has explored whether youth perceptions of parenting style are heterogeneous in families with a depressed parent or whether heterogeneous parenting styles are associated with children’s internalizing symptoms.

Methods

Participants were children aged 8–16 years who had a parent with major depressive disorder; they were enrolled through their parents, who were outpatients at two hospitals in Ningxia. Parenting styles were measured using the Parental Bonding Instrument. Youth depression and anxiety were measured using the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children and the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders, respectively. We applied latent profile analysis to identify the subtypes of parenting styles with similar patterns. Differences between subtypes in relation to demographic variables and parenting style scores were calculated using one-way ANOVAs, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and chi-squared tests. Bivariate logistic analyses were conducted to examine the associations between parental bonding subtypes and children’s depression and anxiety.

Results

Four parenting styles were identified through latent profile analysis: care-autonomy, overprotection-indifference, indifference, and undifferentiated parenting. Youth with care-autonomy parents had a lower risk of depression (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06–0.41) and anxiety (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.10–0.48), while indifference parenting increased children’s risk of depression (OR: 5.29; 95% CI: 1.30–21.54) more than undifferentiated parenting.

Conclusions

Children with a depressed parent had heterogeneous perceptions of parenting styles. Mothers’ and fathers’ parenting styles were largely congruent. Care-autonomy parenting (high care and high autonomy) may decrease children’s risk of depression, whereas indifference parenting (low care and autonomy) may increase their risk of depression.

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Title: The association of different parenting styles among depressed parents and their offspring’s depression and anxiety: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yanrong Wang
Honglan Shi
Yuan Wang
Xuan Zhang
Juan Wang
Yaoyao Sun
Jianwen Wang
Jiwei Sun
Fenglin Cao
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Mood Disorders
Affective Disorder
Anxiety
Published in: BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03512-8

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

The association of different parenting styles among depressed parents and their offspring’s depression and anxiety: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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